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1、Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech（直接引语和间接引语）DirectandIndirectSpeechI．句式情况1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.直接引语变成间接引
2、语，句子结构的变化1.陈述句:用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat1)Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”→HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.2)Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”→HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextM
3、onday.3)“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends→Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.2.一般疑问句:间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序1)Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”→Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.2)Hesaid,
4、“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”→HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3)Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)→Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.3.特殊疑问句:原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。1)Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”→Heaskedmewhatmyna
5、mewas.2)Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”→Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.3)Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)→Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.54.选择疑问句:用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…1)Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”→Heask
6、edmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.2)Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusortakeatrain?”→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.5.直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1)注意时态的变化2)注意人称变化。3)注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化5)注意地点的变化6)注意个别趋向动词的变化(Whenyouchangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech,yousometimesneedtochangetheverbtense.Y
7、oumayalsoneedtochangepronouns,timeinordertokeepthesamemeaning.)direct→indirectpresent→pastpast→pastandpastperfectpresentperfect→pastperfectpastperfect→pastperfect6.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1)直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewes
