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ID:240579
大小:74.00 KB
页数:10页
时间:2017-07-12
《供给与需求的市场力量 毕业论文外文翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、附录AA.1THEMARKETFORCESOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDWhenacoldsnaphitsFlorida,thepriceoforangejuicerisesinsupermarketsthroughoutthecountry.WhentheweatherturnswarminNewEnglandeverysummer,thepriceofhotelroomsintheCaribbeanplummets.WhenawarbreaksoutintheMiddleEast,thepriceofgas
2、olineintheUnitedStatesrises,andthepriceofausedCadillacfalls.Whatdotheseeventshaveincommon?Theyallshowtheworkingsofsupplyanddemand.Supplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften—andforgoodreason.Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork.Th
3、eydeterminethequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissold.Ifyouwanttoknowhowanyeventorpolicywillaffecttheeconomy,youmustthinkfirstabouthowitwillaffectsupplyanddemand.Thischapterintroducesthetheoryofsupplyanddemand.Itconsidershowbuyersandsellersbehavea
4、ndhowtheyinteractwithoneanother.Itshowshowsupplyanddemanddeterminepricesinamarketeconomyandhowprices,inturn,allocatetheeconomy'sscarceresources.A.1.1MARKETSANDCOMPETITIONThetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeopleastheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets.Ama
5、rketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice.Thebuyersasagroupdeterminethedemandfortheproduct,andthesellersasagroupdeterminethesupplyoftheproduct.Beforediscussinghowbuyersandsellersbehave,let'sfirstconsidermorefullywhatwemeanbya“market”andthevariou
6、stypesofmarketsweobserveintheeconomy.10A.1.1.1COMPETITIVEMARKETSMarketstakemanyforms.Sometimesmarketsarehighlyorganized,suchasthemarketsformanyagriculturalcommodities.Inthesemarkets,buyersandsellersmeetataspecifictimeandplace,whereanauctioneerhelpssetpricesand
7、arrangesales.Moreoften,marketsarelessorganized.Forexample,considerthemarketforicecreaminaparticulartown.Buyersoficecreamdonotmeettogetheratanyonetime.Thesellersoficecreamareindifferentlocationsandoffersomewhatdifferentproducts.Thereisnoauctioneercallingoutthep
8、riceoficecream.Eachsellerpostsapriceforanice-creamcone,andeachbuyerdecideshowmuchicecreamtobuyateachstore.Eventhoughitisnotorganized,thegroupofice-creambuyersandice-creamsellersfor
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