外文翻译---供给与需求的市场力量

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1、附录AA.1THEMARKETFORCESOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDWhenacoldsnaphitsFlorida，thepriceoforangejuicerisesinsupermarketsthroughoutthecountry．WhentheweatherturnswarminNewEnglandeverysummer，thepriceofhotelroomsintheCaribbeanplummets．WhenawarbreaksoutintheMiddleEast，thepriceofgasolineintheUnitedStatesris

2、es，andthepriceofausedCadillacfalls．Whatdotheseeventshaveincommon?Theyallshowtheworkingsofsupplyanddemand．Supplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften—andforgoodreason．Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork．Theydeterminethequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepric

3、eatwhichitissold．Ifyouwanttoknowhowanyeventorpolicywillaffecttheeconomy，youmustthinkfirstabouthowitwillaffectsupplyanddemand．Thischapterintroducesthetheoryofsupplyanddemand．Itconsidershowbuyersandsellersbehaveandhowtheyinteractwithoneanother．Itshowshowsupplyanddemanddeterminepricesina

4、marketeconomyandhowprices，inturn，allocatetheeconomy'sscarceresources．A.1.1MARKETSANDCOMPETITIONThetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeopleastheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets．Amarketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice．Thebuyersasagroupdeterminethedemandforthepr

5、oduct，andthesellersasagroupdeterminethesupplyoftheproduct．Beforediscussinghowbuyersandsellersbehave，let'sfirstconsidermorefullywhatwemeanbya“market”andthevarioustypesofmarketsweobserveintheeconomy．A.1.1.1COMPETITIVEMARKETSMarketstakemanyforms．Sometimesmarketsarehighlyorganized，suchast

6、hemarketsformanyagriculturalcommodities．Inthesemarkets，buyersandsellersmeetataspecifictimeandplace，whereanauctioneerhelpssetpricesandarrangesales．Moreoften，marketsarelessorganized．Forexample，considerthemarketforicecreaminaparticulartown．Buyersoficecreamdonotmeettogetheratanyonetime．Th

7、esellersoficecreamareindifferentlocationsandoffersomewhatdifferentproducts．Thereisnoauctioneercallingoutthepriceoficecream．Eachsellerpostsapriceforanice-creamcone，andeachbuyerdecideshowmuchicecreamtobuyateachstore．Eventhoughitisnotorganized，thegroupofice-creambuyersandice-creamsellers

8、forms