外文翻译---供给与需求的市场力量

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1、附录AA.1THEMARKETFORCESOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDWhenacoldsnaphitsFlorida，thepriceoforangejuicerisesinsupermarketsthroughoutthecountry．WhentheweatherturnswarminNewEnglandeverysummer，thepriceofhotelroomsintheCaribbeanplummets．WhenawarbreaksoutintheMiddleEast，thepriceofgasolin

2、eintheUnitedStatesrises，andthepriceofausedCadillacfalls．Whatdotheseeventshaveincommon?Theyallshowtheworkingsofsupplyanddemand．Supplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften—andforgoodreason．Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork．Theydeterm

3、inethequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissold．Ifyouwanttoknowhowanyeventorpolicywillaffecttheeconomy，youmustthinkfirstabouthowitwillaffectsupplyanddemand．Thischapterintroducesthetheoryofsupplyanddemand．Itconsidershowbuyersandsellersbehaveandhowtheyint

4、eractwithoneanother．Itshowshowsupplyanddemanddeterminepricesinamarketeconomyandhowprices，inturn，allocatetheeconomy'sscarceresources．A.1.1MARKETSANDCOMPETITIONThetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeopleastheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets．Amarketisagroupofbu

5、yersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice．Thebuyersasagroupdeterminethedemandfortheproduct，andthesellersasagroupdeterminethesupplyoftheproduct．Beforediscussinghowbuyersandsellersbehave，let'sfirstconsidermorefullywhatwemeanbya“market”andthevarioustypesofmarketsweobs

6、erveintheeconomy．A.1.1.1COMPETITIVEMARKETSMarketstakemanyforms．Sometimesmarketsarehighlyorganized，suchasthemarketsformanyagriculturalcommodities．Inthesemarkets，buyersandsellersmeetataspecifictimeandplace，whereanauctioneerhelpssetpricesandarrangesales．Moreoften，mar

7、ketsarelessorganized．Forexample，considerthemarketforicecreaminaparticulartown．Buyersoficecreamdonotmeettogetheratanyonetime．Thesellersoficecreamareindifferentlocationsandoffersomewhatdifferentproducts．Thereisnoauctioneercallingoutthepriceoficecream．Eachsellerposts

8、apriceforanice-creamcone，andeachbuyerdecideshowmuchicecreamtobuyateachstore．Eventhoughitisnotorganized，thegroupofice-creambuyersandice-creamsellersforms