外文翻译---供给与需求的市场力量

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1、附录AA.1THEMARKETFORCESOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDWhenacoldsnaphitsFlorida，thepriceoforangejuicerisesinsupermarketsthroughoutthecountry．WhentheweatherturnswarminNewEnglandeverysummer，thepriceofhotelroomsintheCaribbeanplummets．WhenawarbreaksoutintheMiddleEast，thepriceofgaso

2、lineintheUnitedStatesrises，andthepriceofausedCadillacfalls．Whatdotheseeventshaveincommon?Theyallshowtheworkingsofsupplyanddemand．Supplyanddemandarethetwowordsthateconomistsusemostoften—andforgoodreason．Supplyanddemandaretheforcesthatmakemarketeconomieswork．They

3、determinethequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichitissold．Ifyouwanttoknowhowanyeventorpolicywillaffecttheeconomy，youmustthinkfirstabouthowitwillaffectsupplyanddemand．Thischapterintroducesthetheoryofsupplyanddemand．Itconsidershowbuyersandsellersbehaveandh

4、owtheyinteractwithoneanother．Itshowshowsupplyanddemanddeterminepricesinamarketeconomyandhowprices，inturn，allocatetheeconomy'sscarceresources．A.1.1MARKETSANDCOMPETITIONThetermssupplyanddemandrefertothebehaviorofpeopleastheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets．Amarket

5、isagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice．Thebuyersasagroupdeterminethedemandfortheproduct，andthesellersasagroupdeterminethesupplyoftheproduct．Beforediscussinghowbuyersandsellersbehave，let'sfirstconsidermorefullywhatwemeanbya“market”andthevarioustype

6、sofmarketsweobserveintheeconomy．A.1.1.1COMPETITIVEMARKETSMarketstakemanyforms．Sometimesmarketsarehighlyorganized，suchasthemarketsformanyagriculturalcommodities．Inthesemarkets，buyersandsellersmeetataspecifictimeandplace，whereanauctioneerhelpssetpricesandarranges

7、ales．Moreoften，marketsarelessorganized．Forexample，considerthemarketforicecreaminaparticulartown．Buyersoficecreamdonotmeettogetheratanyonetime．Thesellersoficecreamareindifferentlocationsandoffersomewhatdifferentproducts．Thereisnoauctioneercallingoutthepriceofice

8、cream．Eachsellerpostsapriceforanice-creamcone，andeachbuyerdecideshowmuchicecreamtobuyateachstore．Eventhoughitisnotorganized，thegroupofice-creambuyersandice-creamsellersforms