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1、TheCausesofJude’sTragedyⅠ.IntroductionThomasHardy(1840－1928)occupiesaprominentpositioninthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Hardy’sfictionwritingstartedin1860sandendedin1890s,spanningthemostsplendidtimeforEnglishnovelsinthelatterhalfoftheVictorianAge.(qtd.inRen64)MostofHardy'sworksinheritthetradi
2、tionoftherealistictrendofEnglishnovels,butatthesametime,it’snotalwaysjustifiabletoclassifyallhisworksintothetraditionaltype.AsasentimentalandromanticnovelistHardysighsovertheoldandbeautifulthingsthatareerodedbytheindustrialsociety,butasacoolobserverwithadistinctivelyphilosophicandintellectu
3、alturnofmindheknowsthatitisaninevitabletrendofthesocialdevelopment.Hefeelsthefaintstepsoftime,soheconveyssuchmessagesinhiswritings.Andamongthem,hislastnovelJudetheObscuredramatizesunmistakablytheperplexitiesandfrustrationsofmodernman(qtd.inFang15).InJudetheObscure,Hardypresentsthecharacters
4、JudeFawleyandSue,whoviolatetheconventionsoftherepressiveVictoriansocietywhileattemptingtofollowtheirnaturalinstincts.ItdetailsthefailedlifeandignobledeathofJudeFawleywhoisabrightandambitious,butultimatelyinconsequential,man.Thecentralthemeoftheworkisthepowerlessnessofindividualstothesociala
5、ndpsychologicalforcesthatdeterminetheirlives.ThisthemealsoappearsHardy'searliernovels,notablyTessoftheD'UrbervillesandTheReturnoftheNative,whichlikewisedramatizehisbeliefthatindividualsarepowerlesstoaffecttheirownlivesinanattempttoachievehappiness.InJudetheObscure,Hardyfurtherexploresthisth
6、emeinrelationtotheconstrictingforcesheobservedaroundhiminVictoriansociety:class,religion,andsexuality.Thus,thenovelrecountsJude'sunrealizeddreamtoentertheuniversityatChristminster,andhispowerlessnesstoremainhappilywiththewomanheloves,SueBridgehead,outsideofthesociallyacceptedinstitutionofma
7、rriage(qtd.inXiao53).Inordertodeeplyunderstandthisnovel,thispaperanalyzesthereasonsofJude’stragedyinasystematicandcomprehensiveway.Itcontainsthreeaspects:Firstly,socialenviromentaspect.JudelivedintheVictorianperiodwhenthecapitalismbegantoerodetherurallif
