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1、TheCausesofJude’sTragedyⅠ.IntroductionThomasHardy(1840－1928)occupiesaprominentpositioninthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Hardy’sfictionwritingstartedin1860sandendedin1890s,spanningthemostsplendidtimeforEnglishnovelsinthelatterhalfoftheVictorianAge.(qtd.inRen64)MostofHardy'sworksinheritthe
2、traditionoftherealistictrendofEnglishnovels,butatthesametime,it’snotalwaysjustifiabletoclassifyallhisworksintothetraditionaltype.AsasentimentalandromanticnovelistHardysighsovertheoldandbeautifulthingsthatareerodedbytheindustrialsociety,butasacoolobserverwithadistinctivelyphilosophicand
3、intellectualturnofmindheknowsthatitisaninevitabletrendofthesocialdevelopment.Hefeelsthefaintstepsoftime,soheconveyssuchmessagesinhiswritings.Andamongthem,hislastnovelJudetheObscuredramatizesunmistakablytheperplexitiesandfrustrationsofmodernman(qtd.inFang15).InJudetheObscure,Hardypresen
4、tsthecharactersJudeFawleyandSue,whoviolatetheconventionsoftherepressiveVictoriansocietywhileattemptingtofollowtheirnaturalinstincts.ItdetailsthefailedlifeandignobledeathofJudeFawleywhoisabrightandambitious,butultimatelyinconsequential,man.Thecentralthemeoftheworkisthepowerlessnessofind
5、ividualstothesocialandpsychologicalforcesthatdeterminetheirlives.ThisthemealsoappearsHardy'searliernovels,notablyTessoftheD'UrbervillesandTheReturnoftheNative,whichlikewisedramatizehisbeliefthatindividualsarepowerlesstoaffecttheirownlivesinanattempttoachievehappiness.InJudetheObscure,H
6、ardyfurtherexploresthisthemeinrelationtotheconstrictingforcesheobservedaroundhiminVictoriansociety:class,religion,andsexuality.Thus,thenovelrecountsJude'sunrealizeddreamtoentertheuniversityatChristminster,andhispowerlessnesstoremainhappilywiththewomanheloves,SueBridgehead,outsideofthes
7、ociallyacceptedinstitutionofmarriage(qtd.inXiao53).Inordertodeeplyunderstandthisnovel,thispaperanalyzesthereasonsofJude’stragedyinasystematicandcomprehensiveway.Itcontainsthreeaspects:Firstly,socialenviromentaspect.JudelivedintheVictorianperiodwhenthecapitalismbegantoerodetherurallif
