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1、WEBTECHNOLOGIESe-ScienceandtheWebDavidDeRoure,UniversityofSouthampton,UKe-Scienceprojectshavegeneratednewwaysofthinking,newexpertiseandmethods,andanewcollaborativeinfrastructure.nthelastdecadesciencehasstormstoearthquakestoflybrainstributedcollaboration.Infact,weexperiencedastepchangetonanoscaletran
2、sistors.shouldsay“research”ratherthaninproblem-solvingability,Toharnessthedistributedscience,becausetheWebisagnos-Ibroughtaboutbytheincreas-resourcesrequiredforthisunprec-ticaboutresearchdiscipline:it’sasingdigitizationandautomationedentedscaleofoperation,themuchahomefordigitalartsandofscientificpra
3、ctice.Wecallthiscyberinfrastructurewasborn.Bighumanitiesasdigitalscienceande-Science,andtheWebplaysacru-Scienceisperhapsbestexempli-engineering.cialroleinitssuccess.fiedbythegridinfrastructureforInafurtherdemocratizingstep,Thee-SciencerevolutionhasCERN’sLargeHadronCollider,wheretheWebenablescitizens
4、topar-partlyresultedfromthedelugeof300Gbytespersecondofrawdataticipatemoredirectlyinresearch.datafromnewexperimentalmeth-fromdetectorsfiltersdowntotens“Citizenscientists”countbirdsinodsandtechnologies.TheseincludeofTbytesperdayfordistributiontotheirbackyardsorreportonastro-high-throughputDNAsequenci
5、ng,thousandsofphysicistsaroundthenomicalphenomenainthenighttimecombinatorialchemistry,industrial-world.sky,providinganewdatacollectionscalelaboratoryautomation,sensorBigScienceisagreatsuccess,butinstrumentforscientistsandanewnetworks,andEarthobservation.it’sonlypartofthestory.There’sscaleofdistribut
6、edexpertise.FortheDatacollectionisfastandparallel,anotherrevolutiongoingon.socialscientist,theWebisapowerfulandourrapidlyevolvinghigh-per-surveydevice—forexample,crowd-formancecomputinginfrastructureSCIENCEONTHEWEBsourcingisbeingusedforreal-timemustbeabletotackletheresultingDigitizationischanginghow
7、wegeographicsurveysoneverythingdatatsunamitoenablescientificdis-doscience,asifwe’veinventednewfromtheimpactofthecreditcrunchcovery.Ifresearchershavetotriagescientificinstruments,butit’salsotocongestio
