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1、WEBTECHNOLOGIESe-ScienceandtheWebDavidDeRoure,UniversityofSouthampton,UKe-Scienceprojectshavegeneratednewwaysofthinking,newexpertiseandmethods,andanewcollaborativeinfrastructure.nthelastdecadesciencehasstormstoearthquakestoflybrainstributedcollaboratio
2、n.Infact,weexperiencedastepchangetonanoscaletransistors.shouldsay“research”ratherthaninproblem-solvingability,Toharnessthedistributedscience,becausetheWebisagnos-Ibroughtaboutbytheincreas-resourcesrequiredforthisunprec-ticaboutresearchdiscipline:it’sas
3、ingdigitizationandautomationedentedscaleofoperation,themuchahomefordigitalartsandofscientificpractice.Wecallthiscyberinfrastructurewasborn.Bighumanitiesasdigitalscienceande-Science,andtheWebplaysacru-Scienceisperhapsbestexempli-engineering.cialroleinit
4、ssuccess.fiedbythegridinfrastructureforInafurtherdemocratizingstep,Thee-SciencerevolutionhasCERN’sLargeHadronCollider,wheretheWebenablescitizenstopar-partlyresultedfromthedelugeof300Gbytespersecondofrawdataticipatemoredirectlyinresearch.datafromnewexpe
5、rimentalmeth-fromdetectorsfiltersdowntotens“Citizenscientists”countbirdsinodsandtechnologies.TheseincludeofTbytesperdayfordistributiontotheirbackyardsorreportonastro-high-throughputDNAsequencing,thousandsofphysicistsaroundthenomicalphenomenainthenightt
6、imecombinatorialchemistry,industrial-world.sky,providinganewdatacollectionscalelaboratoryautomation,sensorBigScienceisagreatsuccess,butinstrumentforscientistsandanewnetworks,andEarthobservation.it’sonlypartofthestory.There’sscaleofdistributedexpertise.
7、FortheDatacollectionisfastandparallel,anotherrevolutiongoingon.socialscientist,theWebisapowerfulandourrapidlyevolvinghigh-per-surveydevice—forexample,crowd-formancecomputinginfrastructureSCIENCEONTHEWEBsourcingisbeingusedforreal-timemustbeabletotacklet
8、heresultingDigitizationischanginghowwegeographicsurveysoneverythingdatatsunamitoenablescientificdis-doscience,asifwe’veinventednewfromtheimpactofthecreditcrunchcovery.Ifresearchershavetotriagescientificinstruments,butit’salsotocongestio
