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1、取消碳关税外文翻译外文翻译原文ScrapthecarbontraiffMaterialSourc////0>.Author:CatherineIzard,ChristopherWeber&ScottMatthewsDespitetheirpoliticalpopularity,carbontariffswillbenexttoimpossibletoimplementeffectively,andassuchwilldolittletosolvetheclimateproblem.IneveryUSclimatepolicynegotiationthusfar,
2、amajorstickingpointhasbeentheissueofeconomiccompetitiveness.IftheUS,orindeedanycountry,independentlyimposesapriceoncarbon?throughacap-and-tradesystemoracarbontax,forexample?domesticindustriesautomaticallyfacehighercoststhantheirinternationalpeersandcouldbeatacompetitivedisadvantage.R
3、atherthanpaythesecosts,ofcourse,USindustrycouldrelocatetocountrieswithoutmandatoryemissionstargets.This'carbonleakage'couldcosttheUSjobswhilefailingtoreduceglobalemissions,alose?losescenario.ForthemajorityofUSindustry,theintroductionofclimatepolicywouldhaveanegligibleeconomicimpact.T
4、hereareexceptions,however,mostnotablyenergy-intensiveindustriessuchassteelandcement.Fortunately,severalpolicymechanismscanbeusedtoprotecttheircompetitiveness.TheproposedUSclimatebill,America'sCleanEnergyandSecurityAct1,usestwo:first,thebillaimstorebatetheincreasedcostsofcarbonemissio
5、nstoenergy-intensiveindustriesthroughfreeallocationofemissionsallowances.Second,USindustriesthatimportenergy-intensivegoodsfromcountrieswithoutapriceoncarbonarerequiredtopurchaseemissionsallowancesforthosegoodsequaltowhattheywouldhavepaidhadtheimportsbeenmanufactureddomestically.This
6、tariff,atypeofbordertaxadjustment,ensuresthatimportersdonotgainacompetitiveadvantageoverotherdomesticindustries.TheideaofimplementingborderadjustmentmechanismsisnowgainingpopularityintheEuropeanUnion,whereFranceandGermanyargueitwouldprotectdomesticindustryifothernationsdonotagreetocu
7、ttheiremissions.Buttherearenumerousargumentsagainstimplementingcarbontariffs:theymaytriggeratradewarwithdamagingconsequencesfordomesticindustry;theytargetemergingeconomieswhosecooperationisvitalforglobalclimatepolicy;theyprotectonlyindustryonthedomesticmarket;andaccordingtotheWorldTr
8、adeOrganizat
