资源描述：
《取消碳关税【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、外文翻译原文ScrapthecarbontraiffMaterialSourchttp://www.nature.com/climate/2010/1001/full/climate.2010.132.htmlAuthor:CatherineIzard,ChristopherWeber&ScottMatthewsDespitetheirpoliticalpopularity,carbontariffswillbenexttoimpossibletoimplementeffectively,andassuchwilldoli
2、ttletosolvetheclimateproblem.IneveryUSclimatepolicynegotiationthusfar,amajorstickingpointhasbeentheissueofeconomiccompetitiveness.IftheUS,orindeedanycountry,independentlyimposesapriceoncarbon—throughacap-and-tradesystemoracarbontax,forexample—domesticindustriesaut
3、omaticallyfacehighercoststhantheirinternationalpeersandcouldbeatacompetitivedisadvantage.Ratherthanpaythesecosts,ofcourse,USindustrycouldrelocatetocountrieswithoutmandatoryemissionstargets.This'carbonleakage'couldcosttheUSjobswhilefailingtoreduceglobalemissions,al
4、ose–losescenario.ForthemajorityofUSindustry,theintroductionofclimatepolicywouldhaveanegligibleeconomicimpact.Thereareexceptions,however,mostnotablyenergy-intensiveindustriessuchassteelandcement.Fortunately,severalpolicymechanismscanbeusedtoprotecttheircompetitiven
5、ess.TheproposedUSclimatebill,America'sCleanEnergyandSecurityAct1,usestwo:first,thebillaimstorebatetheincreasedcostsofcarbonemissionstoenergy-intensiveindustriesthroughfreeallocationofemissionsallowances.Second,USindustriesthatimportenergy-intensivegoodsfromcountri
6、eswithoutapriceoncarbonarerequiredtopurchaseemissionsallowancesforthosegoodsequaltowhattheywouldhavepaidhadtheimportsbeenmanufactureddomestically.Thistariff,atypeofbordertaxadjustment,ensuresthatimportersdonotgainacompetitiveadvantageoverotherdomesticindustries.Th
7、eideaofimplementingborderadjustmentmechanismsisnowgainingpopularityintheEuropeanUnion,whereFranceandGermanyargueitwouldprotectdomesticindustryifothernationsdonotagreetocuttheiremissions.Buttherearenumerousargumentsagainstimplementingcarbontariffs:theymaytriggeratr
8、adewarwithdamagingconsequencesfordomesticindustry;theytargetemergingeconomieswhosecooperationisvitalforglobalclimatepolicy;theyprotectonlyindustryonthed
