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1、外文翻译原文TheU.S.proposedcarbontariffs,WTOscrutinyandChina'sresponsesMaterialSource:InternationaleconomicsandeconomicpolicyAuthor:Zhang,Z.X.4.HowshouldChinarespondtothheU.S.proposedcarbontariffs?Sofar,thediscussionhasbeenfocusedonthecountrythatisconsideringunilateral
2、trademeasures.NowthattheinclusionofbordercarbonadjustmentmeasuresiswidelyconsideredessentialtosecurepassageofanyU.S.climatelegislation,thequestionisthenhowChinashouldrespondtotheU.S.proposedcarbontariffs.4.1Aseriouscommitmenttofindaglobalsolutiontothethreatofclim
3、atechangeFirstofall,ChinaneedstocreditableindicateaseriouscommitmenttoaddressclimatechangeissuestochallengethelegitimacyoftheU.S.imposingthecarbontariffs.Indeed,ifChina’senergyuseandtheresultingcarbonemissionshadfollowedtheirtrendsbetween1980and2000,duringwhichCh
4、inaachievedaquadruplingofitsGDPwithonlyadoublingofenergyconsumption,ratherthansurgedsince2001,thenthepositionofChinaintheinternationalclimatedebatewouldbeverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.Onthetrendsofthe1980sand1990s,theU.S.EnergyInformationAdministration(EIA,2004)
5、estimatedthatChina’sCO2emissionsarenotexpectedtocatchupwiththeworld’slargestcarbonemitterby2030.However,China’senergyusehadsurgedsincetheturnofthiscentury,almostdoublingbetween2000and2007.Despitesimilarratesofeconomicgrowth,therateofgrowthinChina’senergyuseduring
6、thisperiod(9.74%peryear)hasbeenmorethantwicethatoflasttwodecadesinthepastcentury(4.25%peryear)(NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina,2008).Asaresult,Chinawasalreadytheworld’slargestcarbonemitterin2007,insteadof“until2030”asestimatedaslateas2004.ItisconceivablethatChi
7、nawillarguethatitshighabsoluteemissionlevelsarethecombinedeffectsoflargepopulationandcoal-fueledeconomyandtheworkshopastheworld,thelatterofwhichleadstoaheftychunkofChina’semissionsembeddedingoodsthatareexportedtoindustrializedcountries(Zhang,2009c).China’sargumen
8、tsarelegitimate.Thecountryhaseveryrighttodothat.Anyhow,China’sshareoftheworld’scumulativeenergy-relatedCO2emissionswasonly8%from1900to2005,farlessthan30%forthe
