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1、2009年9月上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文2009年9月上海高级口译笔试听力原文SpotDictation Formorethantwocenturies,American'scollegesanduniversitieshavebeenthebackboneofthecountry'sprogress.Theyhaveeducatedtheirtechnical,managerialandprofessionalworkforce,andprovidedgenerationaftergenerationofnationalleaders. Today
2、,educatorsfromaroundthecountryareuptofindmanyreasonsfortheexcellenceoftheAmericanuniversities. Butfourhistoricactsstandoutaswatersheds. First,educationforthemass.In1862,congressenactedtheLand-GrandCollegeAct,whichessentiallyextendedtheopportunityofhighereducationtoallAmericans,incl
3、udingwomenandminorities. Eachstatewaspermittedtoselllargetractsoffederalland,andusetheproceedstoendowatleastonepubliccollege. Second,competitionbreedssuccess.Overtheyears,thedecentralizationanddiversityoftheAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshavepromotedcompetitionforstudentsandresourc
4、es. CompetitivepressurefirstaroseduringtheCivilWar,whenPresidentLincolncreatedtheNationalAcademyofScience,toadvicecongressonanysubjectofscienceandart. Theacademy'simpactreallygrewafterWorldWar2,whena19landmarkreportcommissionedbythethenpresident,arguethatitwastheFederalgovernment'sr
5、esponsibilitytoprovideadequatefundsforbasicresearch. Insteadofbeencentralizedingovernment'slaboratories,scientificresearchesbecamedecentralizedintheAmericanuniversities,andgeneratedincreasinginvestment. Italsogavegraduatestudentsresearchopportunities,andhelpspreadscientificdiscover
6、iesfarandwide,tothebenefitofindustry,medicine,andsocietyasawhole. Thirdly,investinginthefuture.TheendofWorldWar2,sawthepassageofServicemen'sReadjustmentActof1944. Thelaw,whichprovidedforcollegeorvocationaleducationforreturningveterans,madethehighereducationsystemaccessibleinwaystha
7、twereinconceivableinEurope,openingthedoorofthebestuniversitiestomenandwomenwhohadneverdreamedofgoingtocollege. Finally,promotingdiversity.Thecreationoffederalloanandsubsidyprograms,aswellasoutrightgrandforcollegestudents,broughtmuchneededdiversitytohighereducation,andfurtherhelptode
8、mocratizeacc