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1、2009年9月上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文2009年9月上海高级口译笔试听力原文SpotDictation Formorethantwocenturies,American'scollegesanduniversitieshavebeenthebackboneofthecountry'sprogress.Theyhaveeducatedtheirtechnical,managerialandprofessionalworkforce,andprovidedgenerationaftergenerationofnational
2、leaders. Today,educatorsfromaroundthecountryareuptofindmanyreasonsfortheexcellenceoftheAmericanuniversities. Butfourhistoricactsstandoutaswatersheds. First,educationforthemass.In1862,congressenactedtheLand-GrandCollegeAct,whichessentiallyextendedtheopportunityofhigh
3、ereducationtoallAmericans,includingwomenandminorities. Eachstatewaspermittedtoselllargetractsoffederalland,andusetheproceedstoendowatleastonepubliccollege. Second,competitionbreedssuccess.Overtheyears,thedecentralizationanddiversityoftheAmerica'scollegesanduniversitie
4、shavepromotedcompetitionforstudentsandresources. CompetitivepressurefirstaroseduringtheCivilWar,whenPresidentLincolncreatedtheNationalAcademyofScience,toadvicecongressonanysubjectofscienceandart. Theacademy'simpactreallygrewafterWorldWar2,whena19landmarkreportcommissi
5、onedbythethenpresident,arguethatitwastheFederalgovernment'sresponsibilitytoprovideadequatefundsforbasicresearch. Insteadofbeencentralizedingovernment'slaboratories,scientificresearchesbecamedecentralizedintheAmericanuniversities,andgeneratedincreasinginvestment. Ital
6、sogavegraduatestudentsresearchopportunities,andhelpspreadscientificdiscoveriesfarandwide,tothebenefitofindustry,medicine,andsocietyasawhole. Thirdly,investinginthefuture.TheendofWorldWar2,sawthepassageofServicemen'sReadjustmentActof1944. Thelaw,whichprovidedforcolleg
7、eorvocationaleducationforreturningveterans,madethehighereducationsystemaccessibleinwaysthatwereinconceivableinEurope,openingthedoorofthebestuniversitiestomenandwomenwhohadneverdreamedofgoingtocollege. Finally,promotingdiversity.Thecreationoffederalloanandsubsidyprogra
8、ms,aswellasoutrightgrandforcollegestudents,broughtmuchneededdiversitytohighereducation,andfurtherhelptodemocratizeacc
