2009年9月 听力 上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文

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1、2009年9月上海高级口译笔试真题答案与听力原文2009年9月上海高级口译笔试听力原文SpotDictation　　Formorethantwocenturies,American'scollegesanduniversitieshavebeenthebackboneofthecountry'sprogress.Theyhaveeducatedtheirtechnical,managerialandprofessionalworkforce,andprovidedgenerationaftergenerationofnationalleaders.　　Today,

2、educatorsfromaroundthecountryareuptofindmanyreasonsfortheexcellenceoftheAmericanuniversities.　　Butfourhistoricactsstandoutaswatersheds.　　First,educationforthemass.In1862,congressenactedtheLand-GrandCollegeAct,whichessentiallyextendedtheopportunityofhighereducationtoallAmericans,includ

3、ingwomenandminorities.　　Eachstatewaspermittedtoselllargetractsoffederalland,andusetheproceedstoendowatleastonepubliccollege.　Second,competitionbreedssuccess.Overtheyears,thedecentralizationanddiversityoftheAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshavepromotedcompetitionforstudentsandresources.

4、　CompetitivepressurefirstaroseduringtheCivilWar,whenPresidentLincolncreatedtheNationalAcademyofScience,toadvicecongressonanysubjectofscienceandart.　　Theacademy'simpactreallygrewafterWorldWar2,whena19landmarkreportcommissionedbythethenpresident,arguethatitwastheFederalgovernment'srespo

5、nsibilitytoprovideadequatefundsforbasicresearch.　　Insteadofbeencentralizedingovernment'slaboratories,scientificresearchesbecamedecentralizedintheAmericanuniversities,andgeneratedincreasinginvestment.　　Italsogavegraduatestudentsresearchopportunities,andhelpspreadscientificdiscoveriesfa

6、randwide,tothebenefitofindustry,medicine,andsocietyasawhole.　　Thirdly,investinginthefuture.TheendofWorldWar2,sawthepassageofServicemen'sReadjustmentActof1944.　　Thelaw,whichprovidedforcollegeorvocationaleducationforreturningveterans,madethehighereducationsystemaccessibleinwaysthatwerei

7、nconceivableinEurope,openingthedoorofthebestuniversitiestomenandwomenwhohadneverdreamedofgoingtocollege.　　Finally,promotingdiversity.Thecreationoffederalloanandsubsidyprograms,aswellasoutrightgrandforcollegestudents,broughtmuchneededdiversitytohighereducation,andfurtherhelptodemocrati

8、zeacc