工业生态学与区域发展：生态工业发展的集群政策[外文翻译]

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1、（2011届）本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译外文题目：IndustrialEcologyandRegionalDevelopment:Eco-IndustrialDevelopmentasClusterPolicy出处：DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofHull,HullHU67RX,UK.Emails:p.deutz@hull.ac.ukandd.c.gibbs@hull.ac.uk作者：PAULINEDEUTZandDAVIDGIBBS原文：INDUSTRIALECOLOGYANDECO-INDUSTRIALDEV

2、ELOPMENTIEisabusiness-orientedinitiativeaimingtodecreasetheimpactofbusinessontheenvironmentbypromotingthe‘win–win’ofeco-efficiency,i.e.Thatenvironmentalsavings(forexample,reducingmaterialandenergyconsumption)canalsobringcostsavings.IEischaracterizedbyitspromotionof‘industrialec

3、osystems’,involvinginter-companycooperation,derivedfromametaphorwithnaturalecosystems(e.g.,FROSCHandGALLOPOULOS,1989;AYRES,1989;WELLS,2006).Anumberofprinciplescanbederivedfromthismetaphor.KORHONEN(2001)referstotheseasroundput;diversity;locality;andgradualchange.Roundputistherec

4、yclingandcascadingofmatterand/orenergybetweeneithernaturalorindustrialecosystemmembers.Diversityrelatestobiodiversityinnaturalecosystemswithinterdependencyandcooperationbetweendifferentspeciesand/ordifferentorganismsofthesamespecies.Inindustrialtermsthisconceptimpliesinterdepen

5、dencyandcooperationbetweencompaniespotentiallyengagedindifferentindustrialsectorsaswellasotheractors(forexample,governmentornon-governmentalbodies).Diversityisimportant,sothattherangeofinputsrequiredmaymatchtherangeofoutputsoffered.Localityinbothecosystemandindustrialsystemsrel

6、atestoanawarenessof,andrespectfor,localresourcesandlocallimitingfactorsandalsothespatialscaleofinterdependences(networksofindustrialsymbiosesineconomicterms).Gradualchangeforecosystemsrelatestochangethroughevolutionanduseofresourcesatarateatwhichtheyarereplenished.Korhonencontr

7、aststhiswiththerateofchangeinindustrialsystemsandcallsforauseofrenewableresourceswithintheirrateofreplenishment.Inessence,inanindustrialecosystemonecompany’sbyproductsorsurplusheatbecomeanother’srawmaterialorenergy–essentiallytheconceptof‘waste’isreplacedbyoneof‘residuals’(ALLE

8、NBY,1999).Thus,IEtakesasystemsratherthanfirm-orientedv