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1、（2011届）本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译外文题目：IndustrialEcologyandRegionalDevelopment:Eco-IndustrialDevelopmentasClusterPolicy出处：DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofHull,HullHU67RX,UK.Emails:p.deutz@hull.ac.ukandd.c.gibbs@hull.ac.uk作者：PAULINEDEUTZandDAVIDGIBBS原文：INDUSTRIALECOLOG
2、YANDECO-INDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTIEisabusiness-orientedinitiativeaimingtodecreasetheimpactofbusinessontheenvironmentbypromotingthe‘win–win’ofeco-efficiency,i.e.Thatenvironmentalsavings(forexample,reducingmaterialandenergyconsumption)canalsobringcostsavings.IEis
3、characterizedbyitspromotionof‘industrialecosystems’,involvinginter-companycooperation,derivedfromametaphorwithnaturalecosystems(e.g.,FROSCHandGALLOPOULOS,1989;AYRES,1989;WELLS,2006).Anumberofprinciplescanbederivedfromthismetaphor.KORHONEN(2001)referstothese
4、asroundput;diversity;locality;andgradualchange.Roundputistherecyclingandcascadingofmatterand/orenergybetweeneithernaturalorindustrialecosystemmembers.Diversityrelatestobiodiversityinnaturalecosystemswithinterdependencyandcooperationbetweendifferentspeciesan
5、d/ordifferentorganismsofthesamespecies.Inindustrialtermsthisconceptimpliesinterdependencyandcooperationbetweencompaniespotentiallyengagedindifferentindustrialsectorsaswellasotheractors(forexample,governmentornon-governmentalbodies).Diversityisimportant,soth
6、attherangeofinputsrequiredmaymatchtherangeofoutputsoffered.Localityinbothecosystemandindustrialsystemsrelatestoanawarenessof,andrespectfor,localresourcesandlocallimitingfactorsandalsothespatialscaleofinterdependences(networksofindustrialsymbiosesineconomict
7、erms).Gradualchangeforecosystemsrelatestochangethroughevolutionanduseofresourcesatarateatwhichtheyarereplenished.Korhonencontraststhiswiththerateofchangeinindustrialsystemsandcallsforauseofrenewableresourceswithintheirrateofreplenishment.Inessence,inanindus
8、trialecosystemonecompany’sbyproductsorsurplusheatbecomeanother’srawmaterialorenergy–essentiallytheconceptof‘waste’isreplacedbyoneof‘residuals’(ALLENBY,1999).Thus,IEtakesasystemsratherthanfirm-orientedv
