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1、附录一(外文原文)BOOKIImeantoinquireif,inthecivilorder,therecanbeanysureandlegitimateruleofadministration,menbeingtakenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshallendalwaystounitewhatrightsanctionswithwhatisprescribedbyinterest,inorderthatjusticeandutilitymayinnocas
2、ebedivided.Ienteruponmytaskwithoutprovingtheimportanceofthesubject.IshallbeaskedifIamaprinceoralegislator,towriteonpolitics.IanswerthatIamneither,andthatiswhyIdoso.IfIwereaprinceoralegislator,Ishouldnotwastetimeinsayingwhatwantsdoing;Ishoulddoit,orholdmypeace.AsI
3、wasbornacitizenofafreeState,andamemberoftheSovereign,Ifeelthat,howeverfeebletheinfluencemyvoicecanhaveonpublicaffairs,therightofvotingonthemmakesitmydutytostudythem:andIamhappy,whenIreflectupongovernments,tofindmyinquiriesalwaysfurnishmewithnewreasonsforlovingtha
4、tofmyowncountry.1.SUBJECTOFTHEFIRSTBOOKManisbornfree;andeverywhereheisinchains.Onethinkshimselfthemasterofothers,andstillremainsagreaterslavethanthey.Howdidthischangecomeabout?Idonotknow.Whatcanmakeitlegitimate?ThatquestionIthinkIcananswer.IfItookintoaccountonlyf
5、orce,andtheeffectsderivedfromit,Ishouldsay:"Aslongasapeopleiscompelledtoobey,andobeys,itdoeswell;assoonasitcanshakeofftheyoke,andshakesitoff,itdoesstillbetter;for,regainingitslibertybythesamerightastookitaway,eitheritisjustifiedinresumingit,ortherewasnojustificat
6、ionforthosewhotookitaway."Butthesocialorderisasacredrightwhichisthebasisofallotherrights.Nevertheless,thisrightdoesnotcomefromnature,andmustthereforebefoundedonconventions.Beforecomingtothat,IhavetoprovewhatIhavejustasserted.2.THEFIRSTSOCIETIESThemostancientofall
7、societies,andtheonlyonethatisnatural,isthefamily:andevensothechildrenremainattachedtothefatheronlysolongastheyneedhimfortheirpreservation.Assoonasthisneedceases,thenaturalbondisdissolved.Thechildren,releasedfromtheobediencetheyowedtothefather,andthefather,release
8、dfromthecareheowedhischildren,returnequallytoindependence.Iftheyremainunited,theycontinuesonolongernaturally,butvoluntarily;andthefamilyitselfisthenmaintainedo
