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1、VoluntarySurrenderandConfessioninChineselawAuniquefeatureoftraditionalChineselawwastheprovisionbystatutethatanoffenderwhovoluntarilysurrenderedandconfessedbeforediscoveryandwhomadefullrestitutionwasentitledtoremissionofpunishment.Offenderswhophysicallyharmedthe
2、irvictimsoroffendedagainstthestateitselfbycommitingtreasonorescapingacrossborderswerenotentitledtoremission,butcouldreceiveareductionofpunishment.UndertheRepublicthisprovision,knownastzu-shou,wascontinuedinnamebutmateriallychangedinsubstanceundertheinfluenceofW
3、esternlawasintroducedthroughJapan.Ingeneral,therewardsforvoluntarysurrenderandconfessionwerereducedtomerereductionofpunishment,butthescopewasbroadenedtoincludecrimessuchashomicide,forwhichrestitutionwasimpossible.WhentheChineseCommunistsfirstbegandevelopingaleg
4、alsysteminthe1930's,theytooadoptedtzu-shou.However,underthemitbecameprimarilyaninstrumentofpoliticalcontrolandsocialandideologicalreform.IthasremainedanimportantaspectofCommunistlaweventothepresentthoughitsapplicationhasceasedtohaveanystrictlegalsignificance.Ch
5、inasurrenderedtotheimplementationoftheprincipleofrelativeleniency,surrenderedtotheprincipleofmitigationfactors,butinindividualcasescannotbetreatedwithleniency.Whetherleniencyfromthejudge,inaccordancewiththecircumstancesofthecaseinaccordancewiththelawofdiscretio
6、n.7,paragraph2providesthat:"Forthecriminalssurrenderormitigationcanbelighter,lessseriouscrimescanbeexemptedfrompunishment."Surrendered,wouldbetreatedwithleniency,combiningpunishmentwithleniencyinthecriminalpolicyofChina'sCriminalLawtheconcreteembodiment.Surrend
7、eredtotheleniencyisinlinewithChina'snationalconditionsandaneffectivelegalsystem,thecollapseofdifferentiationtocriminals,topeoplewhocommittedacrimearehabilitationopportunitytoencouragecriminalssurrenderedtheinitiativetopromotedonestrictlyaccordingtohisconfession
8、,assoonaspossibletoenablecasesdetected,thereductionofsocialharmtothegeneralpreventionandspecialpreventivepurposes.Classificationsurrenderonthetypeoftheoreticalcircleshavedif
