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ID:14046697
大小:72.00 KB
页数:10页
时间:2018-07-25
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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译题目论环境犯罪的立法完善专业法学系别历史文化与法学系AGraduatedPunishmentApproachtoEnvironmentalCrimesSusanF.MandibergandMichaelFaureI.INTRODUCTIONWhydowehaveenvironmentalcrimes?Whatsocialharmsareweaddressing,andwhatinterestsarewevindicatingthroughuseofthecriminalsanction?Theanswertothesequestionsisnotfo
2、undintraditionalcriminallawprinciples.Thisisbecauseenvironmentalinterestsandvaluesdonotenjoyanabsoluteprotectioninthelaw.Unliketheftorhomicide,forexample,whichmaycausepersonalbenefitsonlytothecriminal,mostpollutingactivitiesgeneratesubstantialsocietalbenefitsaswellasenvironmentalcosts.Th
3、us,environmentallawinmanycountriesisaimedlargelyatanadministrativecontrolofpollution,usuallythroughlicensingandpermittingsystems.Environmentalcriminalstatuteslargelyfunctiontohelpensurethatcontrol.Theinterweavingofadministrativeandcriminallawhasbeenpronouncedfromthebeginningofmodernenvir
4、onmentalcrimesinthemid-twentiethcentury.Then,asnow,environmentalcriminallawfocusedonpunishingthelackofapermitortheviolationofpermitorotherregulatoryrequirementsandconditions.However,althoughthisadministrativedependenceofenvironmentalcriminallawmayhavebeenthegeneralstartingpoint,Europeanc
5、ommentatorshaveincreasinglypointedtoseriousweaknessesinthisapproach.Foronething,iftheroleofthecriminallawisrestrictedtopunishingadministrativedisobedience,othertypesofpollutionmaygounpunished,thuslimitingtheabilityofthecriminallawtoprotectecologicalvalues.Inaddition,unlikethesituationwit
6、htraditionalcrimes,administrators(notlegislators)decidewhatisandisnotcriminal.ThiscritiqueoftheabsoluteadministrativedependenceofenvironmentalcriminallawhashaditseffectsonEuropeanlegislationandoninternationalconventions.5Asaresult,onecannowincreasinglynoticetheuseofothermodelsofenvironme
7、ntalcrimes,modelsthatarelessdependentonadministrativelaw.Thegoalofthispaperistoexamineandadvocateforapproachestoenvironmentalcrimesinadditiontothepunishmentofdisobediencetoadministrativerulesanddecisions.Weacknowledgethataneffectiveenvironmentalcriminalschememustincludead
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