法学专业外文翻译

《法学专业外文翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、本科毕业论文外文翻译题目论环境犯罪的立法完善专业法学系别历史文化与法学系AGraduatedPunishmentApproachtoEnvironmentalCrimesSusanF.MandibergandMichaelFaureI.INTRODUCTIONWhydowehaveenvironmentalcrimes?Whatsocialharmsareweaddressing,andwhatinterestsarewevindicatingthroughuseofthecriminalsanction?Theanswertothesequestionsisnotfo

2、undintraditionalcriminallawprinciples.Thisisbecauseenvironmentalinterestsandvaluesdonotenjoyanabsoluteprotectioninthelaw.Unliketheftorhomicide,forexample,whichmaycausepersonalbenefitsonlytothecriminal,mostpollutingactivitiesgeneratesubstantialsocietalbenefitsaswellasenvironmentalcosts.Th

3、us,environmentallawinmanycountriesisaimedlargelyatanadministrativecontrolofpollution,usuallythroughlicensingandpermittingsystems.Environmentalcriminalstatuteslargelyfunctiontohelpensurethatcontrol.Theinterweavingofadministrativeandcriminallawhasbeenpronouncedfromthebeginningofmodernenvir

4、onmentalcrimesinthemid-twentiethcentury.Then,asnow,environmentalcriminallawfocusedonpunishingthelackofapermitortheviolationofpermitorotherregulatoryrequirementsandconditions.However,althoughthisadministrativedependenceofenvironmentalcriminallawmayhavebeenthegeneralstartingpoint,Europeanc

5、ommentatorshaveincreasinglypointedtoseriousweaknessesinthisapproach.Foronething,iftheroleofthecriminallawisrestrictedtopunishingadministrativedisobedience,othertypesofpollutionmaygounpunished,thuslimitingtheabilityofthecriminallawtoprotectecologicalvalues.Inaddition,unlikethesituationwit

6、htraditionalcrimes,administrators(notlegislators)decidewhatisandisnotcriminal.ThiscritiqueoftheabsoluteadministrativedependenceofenvironmentalcriminallawhashaditseffectsonEuropeanlegislationandoninternationalconventions.5Asaresult,onecannowincreasinglynoticetheuseofothermodelsofenvironme

7、ntalcrimes,modelsthatarelessdependentonadministrativelaw.Thegoalofthispaperistoexamineandadvocateforapproachestoenvironmentalcrimesinadditiontothepunishmentofdisobediencetoadministrativerulesanddecisions.Weacknowledgethataneffectiveenvironmentalcriminalschememustincludead