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1、WhatisPLAGIARISM,反剽窃专题论文Whatitis,andHowtoAvoidIt(UniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada)1.INTRODUCTIONPlagiarismisaseriousacademicoffence.EachyearanumberofcasesofplagiarismarebroughttotheattentionoftheUniversity.Dependingontheseverityoftheoffence,studentsfoundguiltyofplagiarismmaylosecreditfortheas
2、signmentinquestion,beawardedamarkofzerointhemodule,orfacesuspension/expulsionfromtheUniversity.Thispaperisanattempttoprovidestudentswithcleardescriptionsofthosesituationswhichcrosstheline”intoplagiarism~andsometipsforavoidingplagiarism.2.WHATISPLAGIARISM?Mostsimply,plagiarismisintellectualtheft
3、.Anyuseofanotherauthor’sresearch,ideas,orlanguagewithoutproperattributionmaybeconsideredplagiarism.Becausesuchdefinitionsincludemanyshadesofaccidentalorintentionalplagiarism,theseneedtobedescribedmorefully.CompletePlagiarismThisisthemostobviouscase:astudentsubmits,ashisorherownwork,anessayordis
4、sertationwhichhasbeenwrittenbysomeoneelse.Usuallytheoriginalsourceisapublishedjournalarticleorbookchapter,onlinearticleordissertation.Theuseofunpublishedwork,includingtheworkofanotherstudent,isjustasserious.Insuchcases,plagiarismcannotbe“avoided”byparaphrasingtheoriginaloracknowledgingitsuseinf
5、ootnotes.Theworkisthepropertyofanotherauthorandshouldnotbeused.SeeExample#1Near-completePlagiarismAstudentmayalsoliftportionsofanothertextandusetheminhisorherownwork.Forexample,astudentmightaddherorhisownconclusionorintroductiontoanessay.Orastudentmightscatterhisorherowncommentsthroughatexttake
6、nsubstantiallyfromanothersource.Thesepracticesareunacceptable.Evenwithsomeattribution,thebulkoftheworkhasbeendonebyanother.SeeExample#1PatchworkPlagiarismInmanycases,astudentwillliftideas,phrases,sentences,andparagraphsfromavarietyofsourcesand“stitch”themtogetherintoanessay.Thesesituationsoften
7、seemdifficulttoassess.Mostessays,afterall,areattemptstobringtogetherarangeofsourcesandarguments.Butthelinebetweenplagiarismandoriginalworkisnotdifficulttodraw.SeeExample#2LazyPlagiarismLazyplagiarismcropsupinmanystudentessays,andi
