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1、第四章：句子翻译技巧4.1thechangeofthevoices（语态变换法）Amongtheeighttranslationtechniques,thereexistonecalled“thechangeofthevoices”.Actually,thepassivevoiceismorecommonlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese,especiallyinthewritingofscienceandtechnology.Inthesentencesinwhichthedoersarenotnec
2、essarilytoldorknown,thepassivevoiceisused.Andsometimesforthesakeofconnectionofthecontext,thereoccursthepassivevoice.SincethepassivestructureseldomappearsinChinese,manypassivesentencesinEnglishhavetobeturnedintoactivesentencesinChinese.Infact,atranslatortriestorende
3、rthepassivesentencesintoChineseactivesentencesasmanyaspossible.Buttheversionmustbemadeidiomaticandsmooth,notambiguousorabstruse.Thisisaproblemwhichisworthourattention.被动语态的翻译技巧一、翻译成汉语的主动句1、英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语在采用此方法时,我们往往在译文中使用“加以”,“经过”,“用…来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例1.Otherquest
4、ionswillbediscussedbriefly.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。例2.Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundonearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。2、将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增补泛指性的词语
5、(人们,大家等)做主语例1.Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,9但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:Itisassertedthat…有人主张……Itisbelievedthat…有人认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…大家(一般人)认
6、为Itiswellknownthat…大家知道(众所周知)……Itwillbesaid…有人会说……Itwastoldthat…有人曾经说……3、将英语原文中的by,in,for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语,而英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例.Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialt
7、raining.许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。4、翻译成汉语的无主句例.Manystrangenewmeansoftransporthavebeendevelopedinourcentury,thestrangestofthembeingperhapsthehovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。Itishopedthat…希望……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itissaid
8、that…据说……Itissupposedthat…据推测……Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat…可以毫不夸张地说…Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出……Itwillbe
