the social identity perspective社会认同的视角

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1、SomeCurrentIssuesinResearchоnSocialIdentityandSelf-categorizationTheories(InN.Ellemers,R.Spears,&B.Doojse(Eds.),Socialidentity:Context,commitment,content(pp.6–34).Oxford:Blackwell.)JohnC.TurnerIntroductionSocialidentityandself-categorizationtheoriesembodyatheoreticalandresearchtr

2、aditionwhichnowstretchesbackoveraquarterofacenturytothebeginningofthe1970s.Inl971Tajfelandhiscolleagues(Tajfel,Flament,Billig&Bundy,1971)publishedtheresultsoftheirstudiesintheminimalgroupparadigm;andayearlaterTajfel(1972a)publishedachapteronsocialcategorizationinwhichheattemptedt

3、omakesenseoftheminimalgroupdatabyinvokingtheconceptofsocialidentityandthehypothesisofamotiveforpositivesocialidentity.Nevertheless,socialidentitytheoryproperonlycameintofullshapeinthemid-1970s,whenthemorecomplexelaborationsofthetheorywhichhadbeensteadilydeveloping(e.g.,Tajfel,19

4、74;Turner,1975)wereputintoamoresystematicanddetailedform(Tajfel,1978a;Tajfel&Turner,1979).Bythelate1970sissuesarisingfromsocialidentitytheoryandresearchhadhelpedtostimulatetheideaswhichsubsequentlybecameself-categorizationtheory(Turner,1978a,1982,1985);seeTurner&Oakes,1989,forasu

5、mmaryoftheseissues).Self-categorizationtheorydidnotjustresolvesomeissuesrelevanttosocialidentitytheory;italsorepresentedamajorexpansionintherangeofapplicabilityofthesocialidentitytradition,fromintergrouprelationsandsocialconflictintotherealmofgroupprocesses,stereotypingandsocialc

6、ognition.Thisprocesshascontinued,withsocialidentityandself-categorizationideasalsonowbeingappliedtotheinterrelationshipofself-conceptandpersonalityandinfieldsotherthanmainstreamsocialpsychology(e.g.,Turner&Onorato,1999;Turner&Haslam,inpress)Socialidentityandself-categorizationth

7、eoriesare,despitesomeconfusiononthispoint,differenttheories,butthereisnoquestionthattheyrestonsameanti-reductionistmetatheory(seeTajfel,1972b;1979;turner,1996a;Turner&Bourhis,1996;Turner&Oakes,1986,1997)andinvokethesameconceptofsocialidentity.Self-categorizationtheoryis,asamatter

8、ofrecord,acontinuationofthetraditionbegu