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1、背景知识对英语阅读理解能力的影响和积累方法1.IntroductionAstheinternationalcommunicationandcooperationhaveincreased,Englishbecomesmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.Itbecomesamainwaytoacquireadvancedcultureandscientifictechnology.LearningEnglishhasneverbeenofmoreimportanceinour
2、societythantoday.However,readingisoftenconsideredthemostdifficultintermsofliteracy,accuracy,andefficiency.Generallyspeaking,improvingreadingskillsrequiresmoretimeoftrainingthanimprovinglisteningorspeaking.WhatmakesEFLlearnersfeelthatreadingisthemostdifficul
3、tcoursetohandle?WhatfactorsaffectthereadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners?ThisessayconsidersthatbackgroundknowledgeisthekeyfactoraffectingreadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners.Thisessayfirstlygivesabriefintroductionoftwokindsofbackgroundknowledge,contentbackgroundk
4、nowledgeandformalbackgroundknowledge,andthendiscusseshowbackgroundknowledgeaffectsreadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners.Atlast,itwillpresentsometechniquesonhowtobuildupone’sbackgroundknowledge,especiallyformalbackgroundknowledge.2.TheTheoryofBackgroundKnowledge
5、Thetechnicaltermforbackgroundknowledgeisschematatheory.“Schematatheorydescribeshowknowledgeisrepresentedandhownewknowledgeisintegratedwithanetworkofpriorknowledge.Apowerfulfeatureofschematheoryisthatithelpsexplainhownewlearningisintegratedwithanindividual’s
6、existingknowledge.Itexplainshowwelearn,modify,anduseinformationweacquirethroughourexperiences.”[1]P241Therearetwotypesofschemata(apluralformofschema)orbackgroundknowledge,contentschemataandformalschemata.2.1ContentSchemata“Contentschemataareclaimedtobebackg
7、roundknowledgeaboutthecontentareaofatext---atextaboutwashingclothes,celebratingNewYear’sEveinHawaii,buildingacanoe,orabouttheeconomyofMexico,thehistoryofCanada,problemsofnuclear,etc.Inotherwords,contentschematarefertoone’sgeneralknowledgeoftheworld.”[2]P45P
8、ossessingenoughknowledgeabouttheareaofatopicwillsignificantlyaidthecomprehensionofthetext.Forexample,agroupofChineseEFLlearnerswithsufficientbackgroundknowledgeaboutworldhistory,politic,science,economy
