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1、背景知识对英语阅读理解能力的影响和积累方法1.IntroductionAstheinternationalcommunicationandcooperationhaveincreased,Englishbecomesmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.Itbecomesamainwaytoacquireadvancedcultureandscientifictechnology.LearningEnglishhasneverbeenofmoreimportanceinoursocietythantoday.However,
2、readingisoftenconsideredthemostdifficultintermsofliteracy,accuracy,andefficiency.Generallyspeaking,improvingreadingskillsrequiresmoretimeoftrainingthanimprovinglisteningorspeaking.WhatmakesEFLlearnersfeelthatreadingisthemostdifficultcoursetohandle?Whatfactorsaffectthereadingcompreh
3、ensionofEFLlearners?ThisessayconsidersthatbackgroundknowledgeisthekeyfactoraffectingreadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners.Thisessayfirstlygivesabriefintroductionoftwokindsofbackgroundknowledge,contentbackgroundknowledgeandformalbackgroundknowledge,andthendiscusseshowbackgroundknowledge
4、affectsreadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners.Atlast,itwillpresentsometechniquesonhowtobuildupone’sbackgroundknowledge,especiallyformalbackgroundknowledge.2.TheTheoryofBackgroundKnowledgeThetechnicaltermforbackgroundknowledgeisschematatheory.“Schematatheorydescribeshowknowledgeisreprese
5、ntedandhownewknowledgeisintegratedwithanetworkofpriorknowledge.Apowerfulfeatureofschematheoryisthatithelpsexplainhownewlearningisintegratedwithanindividual’sexistingknowledge.Itexplainshowwelearn,modify,anduseinformationweacquirethroughourexperiences.”[1]P241Therearetwotypesofschem
6、ata(apluralformofschema)orbackgroundknowledge,contentschemataandformalschemata.2.1ContentSchemata“Contentschemataareclaimedtobebackgroundknowledgeaboutthecontentareaofatext---atextaboutwashingclothes,celebratingNewYear’sEveinHawaii,buildingacanoe,orabouttheeconomyofMexico,thehistor
7、yofCanada,problemsofnuclear,etc.Inotherwords,contentschematarefertoone’sgeneralknowledgeoftheworld.”[2]P45Possessingenoughknowledgeabouttheareaofatopicwillsignificantlyaidthecomprehensionofthetext.Forexample,agroupofChineseEFLlearnerswithsufficientbackgroundknowledgeaboutworldhisto
8、ry,politic,science,economy
