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1、背景知识对英语阅读理解能力的影响和积累方法1.IntroductionAstheinternationalcommunicationandcooperationhaveincreased,Englishbecomesmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.Itbecomesamainwaytoacquireadvancedcultureandscientifictechnology.LearningEnglishhasneverbeenofmoreimportanceino
2、ursocietythantoday.However,readingisoftenconsideredthemostdifficultintermsofliteracy,accuracy,andefficiency.Generallyspeaking,improvingreadingskillsrequiresmoretimeoftrainingthanimprovinglisteningorspeaking.WhatmakesEFLlearnersfeelthatreadingisthemostdiff
3、icultcoursetohandle?WhatfactorsaffectthereadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners?ThisessayconsidersthatbackgroundknowledgeisthekeyfactoraffectingreadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners.Thisessayfirstlygivesabriefintroductionoftwokindsofbackgroundknowledge,contentbackg
4、roundknowledgeandformalbackgroundknowledge,andthendiscusseshowbackgroundknowledgeaffectsreadingcomprehensionofEFLlearners.Atlast,itwillpresentsometechniquesonhowtobuildupone’sbackgroundknowledge,especiallyformalbackgroundknowledge.2.TheTheoryofBackgroundK
5、nowledgeThetechnicaltermforbackgroundknowledgeisschematatheory.“Schematatheorydescribeshowknowledgeisrepresentedandhownewknowledgeisintegratedwithanetworkofpriorknowledge.Apowerfulfeatureofschematheoryisthatithelpsexplainhownewlearningisintegratedwithanin
6、dividual’sexistingknowledge.Itexplainshowwelearn,modify,anduseinformationweacquirethroughourexperiences.”[1]P241Therearetwotypesofschemata(apluralformofschema)orbackgroundknowledge,contentschemataandformalschemata.2.1ContentSchemata“Contentschemataareclai
7、medtobebackgroundknowledgeaboutthecontentareaofatext---atextaboutwashingclothes,celebratingNewYear’sEveinHawaii,buildingacanoe,orabouttheeconomyofMexico,thehistoryofCanada,problemsofnuclear,etc.Inotherwords,contentschematarefertoone’sgeneralknowledgeofthe
8、world.”[2]P45Possessingenoughknowledgeabouttheareaofatopicwillsignificantlyaidthe11comprehensionofthetext.Forexample,agroupofChineseEFLlearnerswithsufficientbackgroundknowledgeaboutworldhistory,politic,science,econo
