干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与水分利用效率的影响

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(7):10261036http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01026干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与水分利用效率的影响*褚光展明飞朱宽宇王志琴杨建昌扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009摘要:本研究旨在阐明干湿交替灌溉影响水稻产量的生理机制。大田种植3个当地高产水稻品种武运粳2

2、4(粳稻)、扬两优6号(两系杂交籼稻)和甬优2640(三系籼/粳杂交粳稻)。自移栽后7d设置:常规灌溉(CI,保持水层)和干湿交替灌溉(AWD),观察这2种灌溉模式对水稻根系与地上部生长发育的影响。结果表明,与CI相比,AWD可以显著提高水稻产量与水分利用效率,3个供试品种产量分别提高了5.34%、5.85%和6.62%,水分利用效率分别提高了28.9%、25.3%和27.6%。产量与水分利用效率的提高主要得益于水稻根系和地上部植株的生理功能的改善,表现出灌浆期较高的根系氧化力、根系伤流液强度、根系与叶片中玉米素与玉米素核苷的含量、剑叶净光合速率、籽粒中较高的蔗糖合酶

3、、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和淀粉合酶活性、较大的深层(10~20cm)根系、较高的分蘖成穗率与叶面积指数。关键词:水稻;产量;根系;水分利用率;干湿交替灌溉EffectsofAlternateWettingandDryingIrrigationonYieldandWaterUseEfficiencyofRice*CHUGuang,ZHANMing-Fei,ZHUKuan-Yu,WANGZhi-Qin,andYANGJian-ChangJiangsuKeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiology/Co-InnovationCenter

4、forModernProductionTechnologyofGrainCrops,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,ChinaAbstract:Alternatewettinganddrying(AWD)irrigationhasbeenwidelyadoptedtoreplaceconventionalirrigation(CI)forsav-ingwaterandincreasingwateruseefficiency(WUE)inirrigatedricesystemsinChina.However,thereislimite

5、dinformationabouthowAWDaffectsyield,WUE,androotandshootgrowthanddevelopment.Tofillthisknowledgegap,weconductedtheexperimentusingthreelocalhigh-yieldingricecultivars,Wuyunjing24(japonica),Yangliangyou6(two-lineindicahybridrice),andYongyou2640(three-lineindica/japonicahybridrice)underthet

6、wowatermanagements,CIandAWD,duringthewholegrowingseason.Theresultsshowedthat,whencomparedwithCI,AWDincreasedgrainyieldby5.34%,5.85%,and6.62%andWUEby28.9%,25.3%,and27.6%,respectivelywhichmainlyattributedtogreaterrootoxidationactivity,amountofrootbleed-ingsap,contentofcytokinins(zeatin+ze

7、atinriboside)inrootsandleaves,hightenphotosyntheticrateofflagleaf,deeperrootdistribution,increasedproductivetillersandleafarea,andenhancedactivitiesofenzymesinvolvedinsucrose-to-starchconver-sioningrainsduringgrainfilling.TheresultsdemonstratethatAWDisaneffectivepracticetoincre