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1、GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)-BiographyIrishdramatist,literarycritic,asocialistspokesman,andaleadingfigureinthe20thcenturytheater.Shawwasafreethinker,defenderofwomen'srights,andadvocateofequalityofincome.In1925hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.Shawacceptedthehonorbutrefusedthemoney.GeorgeBern
2、ardShawwasborninDublin,wherehegrewupinsomethingclosetogenteelpoverty."IamatypicalIrishman;myfamilycamefromYorkshire,"Shawoncesaid.Hisfather,GeorgeCarrShaw,wasinthewholesalegraintrade.LucindaElisabeth(Gurly)Shaw,hismother,wasthedaughterofanimpoverishedlandowner.Shewas16-yearsyoungerthanherhusband.
3、GeorgeCarrwasadrunkard-hisexamplepromptedhissontobecomeateetotaller（滴酒不沾的人）.Whenhediedin1885,hischildrenandwifedidnotattendhisfuneral.YoungShawandhistwosisterswerebroughtupmostlybyservants.Amanofmanycauses,Shawsupportedabolitionofprivateproperty,radicalchangeinthevotingsystem,campaignedforthesimp
4、lificationofspelling,andthereformoftheEnglishalphabet.Asapublicspeaker,Shawgainedthestatusofoneofthemostsought-afteroratorsinEngland.In1895ShawbecameadramacriticfortheSaturdayReview.ArticleswrittenforthepaperwerelatercollectedinOURTHEATRESINTHENINETIES(1932).Music,art,anddramacriticismShawwrotefo
5、rDramaticReview(1885-86),OurCorner(1885-86),ThePallMallGazette(1885-88),TheWorld(1886-94),andTheStar(1888-90)as'CornobiBasetto'.HismusiccriticismwerecollectedinSHAW'SMUSIC(1981).Afterlacingashoetootightly,anoperationwasperformedonhisfootfornecrosis;Shawwasunabletoputhisfootonthegroundforeighteenm
6、onths.DuringthisperiodhewroteCAESARANDCLEOPATRA(1901)andTHEPERFECTWAGNERITE(1898).TheNorwegianplaywrightHenrikIbsenhadagreatinfluenceonShaw'sthinking.ForasummermeetingoftheFabianSocietyin1890,hewroteTHEQUINTESSENCEOFIBSENISM(1891),inwhichheconsideredIbsenapioneer,"whodeclaresthatitisrighttodosome
7、thinghithertoregardedasinfamous."Shaw'searlyplays,WIDOWER'SHOUSES(1892),whichcriticizedslumlandlords,aswellasseveralsubsequentones,werenotwellreceived.His'unpleasantplays',ideologicalattacksontheevilsofcapitalismandexp
