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2023北京房山高二(下)期中考试英语试卷第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegotmadwhenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his___1___tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.ForRobbie,akeenbicyclist,thefirstthingtodowas___2___hisstolenbike.Butwhenhewentshopping,hefoundfewavailable,whichgothimthinking:WhatifthelackofbikeswasCovid-19related,andwhatifthepersonwho’dtakenhisbikereallyneeded___3___togettowork?Withthatthoughtinmind,Robbiecameupwithaplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.He___4___tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepair—againforfree.Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn’thavethe___5___tobuyone.Thedaythepostwentlive,Robbiereceivedthirtyusedbicycles.Thencamemorethan500enquiriesfordetailedinformation.Bytheendof2020,Robbiehadrepairedmorethan140fordonationortobe___6___totheirowners.Robbietriestogivehisdonationstofamiliesthataretruly___7___.Uponsimplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditiontopracticalskills,Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.___8___,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment.“It’sareallygreatexperienceforkids,”saidaneighborinaninterviewwiththelocalnewspaper.“Robbieiscertainlyprovidinga___9___,butit’snotjustthebikes.It’stherelationshipsinthecommunity.It’sthe____10____thathecanmakeonpeople.”1.A.emotionsB.careerC.opinionsD.route2.A.rideB.lockC.repairD.replace3.A.instructionB.qualificationC.transportationD.permission4.A.offeredB.refusedC.hesitatedD.remembered5.A.profitB.budgetC.courageD.excuse
6A.exportedB.soldC.lentD.returned7.A.demandingB.strugglingC.fightingD.requesting8.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.SomehowD.Meanwhile9.A.serviceB.competitionC.ceremonyD.suggestion10.A.compromiseB.impressionC.impactD.progress第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ilastedtwodays.Thedetoxwas___11___(difficult)totoleratethanIhadexpected.IfeltlikeIhadlostanarm!Noteatingfortwodayswouldhavebeeneasier!Butonreflection,Icanseehowmuchofmytimehadbeenoccupiedwith___12___(check)myphone.NowI___13___(try)tospendlesstimeonlineandmoretimepickingupmyhobbies.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whatiscultureshock?WhenhefirstvisitedtheUSMrLiwasconfusedonabus.Heofferedhisseattoanelderlyman,butthemanseemed___14___(annoy)andrefusedtotaketheseat.LaterMr.Li’sAmericanfriendsexplainedtohimthatintheUSitisnotadvisable,andevenoffensive,toofferyourseattoelderlypeople.ThisisverydifferentfromChina,wherepeople___15___(encourage)todoso.Fromtheexamplewecanseethatcultureshockisthefeelingofconfusionandanxietywhenyouencounter___16___(situation)wheretheculturalnorms(标准)inyourculturenolongerapply.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheQinmingFestival,originatingfromtheHanshiDay,isanopportunityforpeople___17___(remember)andhonortheirancestorsattombs.Anditbecameafestivalin732.Thenobservance(纪念)ofQingmingfoundafirmplace___18___Chinesecultureandcontinuedforover2500years.TheQingmingFestivalisatime___19___thesunshinesbrightly,treesandgrassbecomegreenandnatureisagainlively.Sinceancienttimes,people___20___(follow)thecustomofSpringOutings.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABeingstranded(困住)inthewildernessisaterrifyingprospectforanyone,soforthosewhowanttobeprepared,thensurvivaltrainingcoursescouldbeagreatidea.Youcanlearnhowtosurviveinsomeofthemostextremeandunstableconditions.HerearesomeofthebestsurvivaltrainingcoursesyoucanfindacrosstheUSA.●BearGryllsSurvival—Availableinmanydifferentcountriesisthiswell-knownTVpersonality’scourseonsurvival.Thisinvolvesafive-dayadventure,withtwodaysofintensesurvivaltrainingfromBear.Youwillthenbedroppedontoanislandfor30hourstoputtheskillsyoujustlearnedtothetest.●BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival—Openingbackin1968,thisisthemostrenownedsurvivalschoolintheworld.Participantsspend28daysoutintheUtahwildernesswithlimitedsuppliesandequipment.Therearealsoshorterversionsofthecoursefor7to14dayperiodsaswellascoursesforkidsaswell.●AncientPathways—Themilitaryusesthissurvivalschoolfortheirdesertsurvivaltraining,soyouknowit’stherealdeal.There’salotofdifferentclassesonoffer,frombushcrafttoextremewildernesssurvival.Youcangoonthesecoursesfrom4to14dayperiods,andthere’sevenaknifeonlysurvivalcoursetoo.Thentheyhaveamoreintensivecourseavailableafterwardsthattakessurvivaltoawholenewlevelwithnofoodandwater.●MountainScoutSurvivalSchool—Foratrainingcoursethatisquicker(andcheaperaswell),theMountainScoutSchooloffersupone-daytrainingexperiencesjustoutsideofNewYork.Thesearegreatclassesforkidswhowanttolearnmoreabouturbansurvival.Therearealsocoursesontracking,trapping,firebuildingandothernecessarysurvivalskillsthatcouldendupsavingyourlife.21.WhatcanyoudoinAncientPathways?A.Takeacoursetojointhearmy.B.ExperiencethewildernessofUtah.C.Learnhowtosurviveonlywithaknife.D.Examinewhatyou’velearnedonanisland.22.Whatcoursesaresuitablefora12-year-oldboywhohasasenseofadventure?A.BearGryllsSurvival&AncientPathways.B.BearGryllsSurvival&BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival.C.AncientPathways&MountainScoutSurvivalSchool.
D.BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival&MountainScoutSurvivalSchool.23.Thispassageisintendedfor___.A.militaryenthusiastsB.outdoorenthusiastsC.survivalexpertsD.educationexpertsBDearYear6atSnowdonValeCountySecondarySchool,Doyourememberweagreedtocirculateourideasforourschoolprojectthisyear?Well,hereisoursuggestionandwehopeyouwilljoinustodevelopit.Theideacametousintheautumnof2004whenourheadteachermadeanannouncementofanewstudentcomingfromacircus.Immediatelytherewaswhispering,“Thosearedirtypeople!”;“Theyeatrawmeat!”;“Theywearrags!”...Theteacherstoppedthetalkingseriously.Thenextmorningafterbeingintroducedtotheclass,Jakesatintheonlyspareseatnexttome.Hewassmallerthanmeandhaddirtyfingernails.Hisshirtwascleanbuthadbeenrepairedonmanyplaces.Asheseemedtohavenohandkerchiefandwassniffingloudly,Ipassedhimoneofmine.Immediatelytheboysbehindmebegantowhisper,“He’llgiveyoutheplaguewhenhereturnsit!”Jakemusthaveheardtheremarkstoo.Heseemedtobehavinggreatdifficultywithhismathematicstask.SoIleanedoverandexplainedtheproblemstohim.Ashelistened,hismouthsplitintoadazzlingsmile.Hiseyeslitupasifalighthadbeenturnedonandhereturnedtotheexerciseswithenthusiasm.Hefinishedthemquicklyandproudlypresentedthemtotheteacher.“Welldone,Jake,”sheapproved.“Nowyoucangoandworkonournewdatabase.”Jakebeamedandwassoonbusysortingoutinformationandaddingmoreofhisown.IthoughtabouthowJake’slifewouldbe.Irememberedseeingthecampsiteandthinkinghowpoorthefacilitieswere:onlyonetapforwater,noparticularplacetoputrubbishandasmalldirtywashingandtoiletarea.Iwonderedthatiftheywereimproved,thenperhapspeoplewouldnolongerberudetohim.Idecidedtohelp.Thisyear,weinourschoolplantoimprovethecampsite.Hopeyouwilljoinus.Bestwishes.FredSamsMeadowsideCountySecondarySchool24.WhydidtheotherstudentshaveunfriendlyremarksonJake?A.BecauseJakewasseeneatingrawmeat.B.BecauseJakelivedonacircuscampsite.C.BecauseJakewasnotgoodatmathematics.
D.BecauseJakewasstruckbyaterribleplague.25.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?A.Jake’sclothingwasexactlywhattheotherstudentsexpected.B.FredSamsstoppedhelpingJakewhenotherboysheldhimback.C.Jakebrokeintoasmilebecausehefoundconfidenceinmathematics.D.Jakedidn’treplytothenegativeremarksbecausehedidn’thearthem.26.WhatcanbestdescribeJakeaccordingtothepassage?A.Friendlyandpolite.BImpoliteandcold.C.Dullandreserved.D.Smartandenthusiastic.27.WhatisFred’spurposeinwritingthisletter?A.TonarratethestoryabouthisfriendshipwithJake.B.Tocallforotherstudents’helpwithaschoolproject.C.Tocriticisethediscriminationagainstcertainstudents.D.Todrawattentiontothepoorfacilitiesofthecampsite.CSearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.Hislateststudyshowsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchengines,theyrememberfewerfactsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyon“search”asareadilyavailableshortcut.WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememory(交互记忆)source,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.Youdon’thavetoremembereverythingintheworldyourself.Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Nowcomputersandtechnologyarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmemory.Wegnerconductedseveralexperimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousformsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceoncomputers.Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesaved
inspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.Wegneradmitsthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputerswillaffectmemoriesnegatively:“Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”Studentswhohavetroublerememberingdistinctfacts,forexample,maystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinking.Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhand(机械手).Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”28.Whydoesthewritermention“ahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday”inParagraph2?A.Toshowthatpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtendtohavesharedmemories.B.Todemonstratehowpeopleinitiallydevelopedexternalsourcesofmemory.C.Toemphasizetheeffectivenessandaccuracyoftransactivememorysources.D.Toillustratetheconceptofatransactivememorysourceusingafamiliarsituation.29.Whatdopeopletendtodointheexperimentwhenaskedtoprovideunfamiliarfacts?A.Thinkofspecificinformationsources.B.Recallthemfromtheirdeepmemories.C.Typeintocomputerandrememberthem.D.Linktheunfamiliarfactstotheirexperiences.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Relianceoncomputersdoesnotnecessarilyreducehumanmemory.B.Computershavehelpedpeopletounderstandthememorysystembetter.C.Computerdependenceaffectsourthinkingcapacitiesinotherdistinctfields.D.Researchesshouldbedonetorevealthesideeffectofcomputerdependence.DThereisaphotoinmycollectionthatIpulloutfromtimetotimetoremindmyselfofanoldvacation.It’sapictureofmefromthelate1970sonabenchinLondon’sVictoriaStation,myheadrestingagainstawall,eyesclosedwithtiredness,clothesmessedup.Iusedtolovethatshot.Itwasevidenceofmyleisuretime,oftravel,ofinterruptionfromtheoffice:miles
covered,sightsseen,trainstationsracedthrough,goalsachieved.However,asIleaveworktohitthevacationtrailthissummer,Itakealongsomethingextra.Thistravelingcompanionhasahabitofruiningtripswithfeelingsofguilt—theguiltthatcomesfromattemptingtovacationwhilethinkingofthejob.Theconflictbetweenthetimewewantoffandtheguiltwefeelwhenweactuallygiveintoleisureisalong-runningbattlethathasgonetoofar,drivenbyanover-schedulingcraze.Ithasmademanyfeelasiftheirfreemomentsareaformoftruancy(玩忽职守).It’shardtotakeiteasywhenyou’vebeenprogrammednotto.Wehavebeentaughtforgenerationsthatworkistheonlygoal.Timethatisunfilledisevil,weareledtobelieve,andunplannedenjoymentshouldbeavoided.Thisisreinforcedtodaybyaworkplaceculturethatwantsyoutobelievethatadvancementdependsonyourstayingonthejob.Researchnowshows,however,thatleisuretimecandosomethingjobadvancementandmoneycan’t.Leisureactivitiesincreaseyourdesiretoworkleadershipskills,yoursenseofawarenessandyourabilitytochange.Freetimealsopromotesapositivemoodandsenseofwell-being,becauseitdevelopsself-worth.Deepdown,everyoneknowsweneedtimeofftomakeourlivesbetter.Onholidayusingyourproductiveoutputasameasureofyourselfdoesn’twork.Thisisbecauseavacationisn’taboutoutput;it’saboutinput—exploring,learning,reflecting.Themagicofaholidayisintheexperienceitself.Thisisthesameaslifesatisfaction;itcan’tbemeasured,onlyfelt.Thebestpartofavacationisn’tgoingsomewhereelse;it’sbeingwhereyouare,fullyinvolvedintheexperience.31.Theauthormentionsthephotoatthebeginningbecause____.A.itshowshowexhaustingleisuretravelcanbeB.itbringsbackgoodmemoriesofaleisurelytourC.itshowsthewriteronceconsideredleisuretravelasagoalinitselfD.itprovesinterruptionsfromtheofficedonotspoiltheenjoymentoftravel32.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thistravelingcompanion”inParagraph3referto?A.Enjoyingleisuretime.B.Thinkingofone’sgoals.C.Interruptionsfromtheoffice.D.Thefeelingofguiltfornotworking.
33.Whatisoneofthemainbenefitsofleisuretimeaccordingtothearticle?A.Itimprovesyourproductivity.B.Itisgoodforpersonaldevelopment.C.Itleadsdirectlytojobadvancement.D.Ithelpsyouseeyourgoalsinlifemoreclearly.34.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedowhileonvacation?A.Avoidmuchunplannedenjoyment.B.Ignorejobadvancementandmoney.C.Judgethevacationbyproductiveoutput.D.Enjoytheexperienceofbeingonvacation.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDoaProperSocialMediaDetoxDespitetheinvolvementofdopamine(多巴胺),socialmediaaddictionisapsychologicaladdiction.Youneedtostoprewardingyourcurrentdopaminetriggerssothatyourbraincanreturntonormal.___35___Plus,you’remorelikelytocontinuouslygobackintoaddictionwithlittlehits.Herearethesimplestepstoatruesocialmediadetox:●Deactivateyouraccounts.___36___Anditwillalsosignaltoyourfriendsthatyou’reonadetox.ItiseasytofindouthowtodeactivateFacebook,Instagram,andLinkedIn.●Uninstallallsocialmediaapps.Thiswilleliminateallofthosenotificationsandalertsthatplaysuchacrucialroleinsocialmediaaddiction.Andyouwon’tbeaslikelytopoponeofthoseappsopeninmomentsofboredomorstillness.●Blockallsocialmediasites.Thisisforyourcomputerslaptops,andtablets.Useoneofthesewebfilteringtoolstorestrictaccesstosocialmediasites.___37___IalsohaveOpenDNSonmyrouter,whichblockssitesforalldevicesconnectedtoit.●___38___It’snotenoughtoremovesocialmediafromyourday.Youneedtofillthatemptyspacewithsomethingelse.Otherwise,you’rejustgoingtoclawyourwayback.Irecommendlearningnewskills,whethercreativehobbies,geekyDIYhobbies,orevenhobbyprogramming.●Stickwiththedetoxlongenough.Whilestudiesarestilllimitedonthis,mostexpertsagreethatittakesapproximatelythreemonths(or100days)fordopaminelevelstoreturntonormal.Itmaytakelongerdepending
onhowlongandhowintenselyyou’vebeenaddicted.___39___Onelastwordofadvice:Don’tpanic.Adetoxdoesn’thavetobepermanent—itjusthastobelongenoughtorewireyourbrainandbreakyououtoftheendlessdopaminecycle.Youcanalwayscomebacklater.A.Takeamomentandsearchyourheart.B.MypreferredtoolisK9WebProtection.C.Replacesocialmediawithanotheractivity.D.Thiswillserveasafenceagainstyoursuddenwishtocheckin.E.Youcan’tdoadetoxifyou’refeedingyourappetitehereandthere.F.Sodon’tbesurprisedifittakesupwardsofsixmonthsorevenayear.G.Likemostaddictions,ittakesholdofyoulongbeforeyourealizeitevenexists.第三部分书面表达(共两节，满分32分)第一节:(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,:第42题3分,:第43题5分,:共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Computers,smartphones,andaudioplayersareanessentialpartofstudents’everydaylives.Thatmeansthatwheneverstudentsaredoinghomework,theyaregoingtobefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.Insteadofconcentratingononetask,theyareperformingmultipletasks.AccordingtotheresearchbyLarryRosen,publishedinthejournalComputersinHumanScience,studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistractedbytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized(未经许可的)activities.Often,studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively,withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However,theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.Butwhydoteenagersmultitask?Theanswerissimple:multitaskingmakesusfeelgood.Astheresearchindicates,theentertainmentgainedfromsecondaryactivitiesduringstudiesmakeslearnersfeelbetteremotionally.WatchingTVortalkingtoyourfriendsbyemailispleasantandhelpsstudentsfightboredomwhiledoinghomeworkorlisteningtoalecturetheyfindboring.Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.Teenagersoftenoverratetheirabilities.Theseeminglytinydistractions,however,resultinaconstantneedtoswitchfocusandsortoutinformation,injuringthebrainbyoveruseandmakingtheprocessinefficient.However,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.TheresearchconductedbyHKUindicatesthatpeoplewhoroutinelymultitaskareabletousetheirsensesinconjunction(结合)moreeasily.Otherresearchalso
showsthatmultitaskinghasapositiveeffectontheabilitytopassjudgmentandsolveproblemsquicklyandefficiently.40.WhatdoestheresearchbyLarryRosentellus?_________________________________________________________________________41.Accordingtothetext,whydoteenagersmultitask?_________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Multitasking,whichinjuresthebrainbyoveruseandmakesthelearningprocessinefficient,hasnopositiveeffectsonstudents._________________________________________________________________________43.Willyouchoosetomultitaskwhendoinghomework?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)_________________________________________________________________________第二节作文(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中华优秀传统文化感兴趣，并请你给他推荐一本中国名著。请你用英文给Jim回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.该名著的基本信息（书名、作者）；2.该名著的主要内容；3.推荐该名著的理由。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua
