山东省威海市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语 Word版含解析.docx

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高一英语试卷本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.选择题，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。笔答题，用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一题听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Writealetter.B.Drivetoheroffice.C.Gotothepostoffice.2.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Gototheconcert.B.Workovertime.C.WatchTV.3.Howmanylanguagescanthemanspeak?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.4.Whyisthemansoexcited?A.Becauseheisgoinghome.B.Becausehe’lltaketheearliestflight.C.Becausehe’llpickuphisparentsattheairport.5.Whatsportdoesthemanmostenjoywatching?A.Hockey.B.Football.C.Basketball.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。6.WhatisMrs.Smithgoingtodosoon?A.Lookforanewjob.B.GobacktoEngland.C.Teachanothersubject.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Collectmoney.B.Buysomeflowers.C.Discusswithothers.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。8.Whatistheweatherlikeintheman’shometown?A.Itsnowsalotinthewinter.B.Itisreallyhotinthesummer.C.Itstaysthesamethewholeyearround. 9.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’scity?A.Theclimateispleasant.B.Abiglakeliesoutsideit.C.Citizensenjoywinterswimming.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。10.FromwhichcitydidthemanflytoLondon?A.NewYork.B.Paris.C.Beijing.11.WhydidthemanstayinLondonforonlyonenight?A.Hisschedulewastight.B.Hehadvisiteditseveraltimes.C.Hewantedtospendmoretimebythewater.12.Whatwasthebestpartoftheman’strip?A.Thefood.B.Thebeach.C.Thelowcost.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。13.Whoistheman?A.Ashopassistant.B.Arepairman.C.Amanager.14.Whendidthewomanrealizethatthecamerawasbroken?A.Twodaysago.B.Lastnight.C.Thismorning.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Gethermoneyback.B.Havehercamerafixed.C.Exchangeforanewcamera.16.Howmightthewomanfeelattheendoftheconversation?A.Happy.B.Disappointed.C.Annoyed.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。17Whenistheschoolopenday?A.OnOctober24th.B.OnOctober25th.C.OnOctober26th.18.Whowillshowafilm?A.Mr.Brown.B.MissHopkins.C.David.19.WhatwillDoctorPotterdointheevening?A.Runaworkshopaboutrecycling.B.Doanexperimentaboutairpollution.C.Giveaspeechonenvironmentalprotection.20.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosellbooks.B.Tointroduceschoolactivities.C.Todiscussenvironmentalissues.第二题阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 ARaisingawarenessofaseriousissuebeginswithitsbeingvisibletostudents.Amazonhassomefantasticthingsforclassroomwallsthatyoucangetatareasonableprice.Hitting,kicking,slapping,spitting,pushing,blockingStealingordestroyingsomeone’spossessionsMakingrudehandgestures(手势)Touchinginunwanted&improperwaysNamecallingInsults(辱骂)TeasingImpropersexualcommentsThreateningtocauseharmLying&spreadingrumors(谣言)TellingothersnottobefriendswithsomeoneEmbarrassingsomeoneinpublicDamagingsomeone’ssocialrelationshipsPosting/sendinghurtfultexts,emailsorposts,imagesorvideosMakingonlinethreatsImitatingothersonlineorusingtheirlog-inSpreadingunkindrumorsonline1.Whatistheposterabout?A.Thetypesofbullying.B.Thewaysofanti-bullying.C.Thecausesofbullying.D.Theeffectsofanti-bullying.2.Whichofthefollowingdoessendinghurtfulemailsbelongto?A.Physicalbullying.B.Verbalbullying.C.Socialbullying.D.Cyberbullying.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosellposters.B.Toreportabullyingsurvey.C.Tofightagainstbullying.D.Torevealariseinbullying. 【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。本文是亚马逊推销有关网络欺凌的用于教室墙上张贴的海报的广告。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Amazonhassomefantasticthingsforclassroomwallsthatyoucangetatareasonableprice.(亚马逊有一些很好的你可以以合理的价格买到的用于教室墙上的东西。)”以及图标中提到的PhysicalBully，VerbalBullying，SocialBullying，CyberBullying可知，海报是关于欺凌类型的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四栏“Posting/sendinghurtfultexts,emailsorposts,imagesorvideos(发布/发送的短信、邮件或帖子，图片或视频)”可知，发布有害的电子邮件属于网络欺凌。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Amazonhassomefantasticthingsforclassroomwallsthatyoucangetatareasonableprice.(亚马逊有一些很好的你可以以合理的价格买到的用于教室墙上的东西。)”可知，文章的目的是销售海报。故选A。BOverthesummerof2022,staffattheSanDiegoZoowelcomed41babyturtles(海龟)fromtheIndiannarrow-headedsoftshellturtlespecies,whichisnativetoSouthAsia.ItmakestheZoothefirstofficiallyrecognizedorganizationinNorthAmericatohatch(孵化)andraisethespecies.[2]ThreeIndiannarrow-headedsoftshellturtleshavebeenattheZooforover20years.Allthattime,zoostaffhadbeenhopingtheywouldonedayreproduce.“Thisisathrillingmomentforus,andanincrediblestepforwardintheprotectionofthisspecies,”saidKimGray,directoroftheZoo.Theeggswerefoundintwoseparatenests(窝).Someoftheturtleshatchedintheirhabitat,whilemostoftheeggswerestoredinanartificialboxtocreatethebestconditionsforsurvival.Turtleexpertsatthezoosayeggsinthehabitatareoftendifficulttofind,astheturtlesliketolaytheireggsovernightandcoverthemwithdirt.ThespeciesislistedasendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’sRedList,thoughit’sunclearhowmanyremaininthewild.Environmentalpollution,habitatdestruction,theinternationalpettradeandhumanfoodharvestinghaveallledtothespecies’reductionovertheyears.“Wehavebeencaringfortheseturtlesforaverylongtime,andpartofthatcareistogainagreaterunderstandingofthespecies’naturalhistory,”KimGrayadded.“WiththeknowledgewegainhereattheZoo,wecanbetterassistourpartnersinIndiatohelpthisessentialspeciesdevelopandgrowintheirnativehabitat.” 4.WhydidKimGrayfeelexcitedatthisreproduction?A.TheZoogotofficiallyrecognized.B.Anendangeredturtlespecieswassaved.C.Itwasabreakthroughinturtleprotection.D.Agreatmanyturtleswerehatchedatonce.5.Whatmadetheturtleeggsinthehabitathardtofind?A.Theirdarkcolor.B.Thelowlightatnight.C.Theartificialbox.D.Theirbeingsand-covered.6.WhatdoesParagraph4focusonabouttheturtles?A.Factorsendangeringthem.B.Humanactivitiestosavethem.C.Theirexistingnumberinthewild.D.Thetimewhenlistedasendangered.7.Whomightbeinterestedinthetext?A.Petlovers.B.Zoovisitors.C.Zoologists.D.Environmentalists.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了圣地亚哥动物园的工作人员迎来了41只小海龟，它们来自印度窄头软壳龟物种，原产于南亚。这使得动物园成为北美第一个官方认可的孵化和饲养该物种的组织。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Thisisathrillingmomentforus,andanincrediblestepforwardintheprotectionofthisspecies,”saidKimGray,directoroftheZoo.(动物园园长KimGray说：“对我们来说是激动人心的时刻，也是保护这一物种向前迈出的不可思议的一步。”)”可知，这一成功标志着在海龟保护方面取得了突破。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Turtleexpertsatthezoosayeggsinthehabitatareoftendifficulttofind,astheturtlesliketolaytheireggsovernightandcoverthemwithdirt.(动物园的海龟专家说，海龟蛋通常很难在栖息地找到，因为海龟喜欢在夜间产卵，并在上面盖上泥土。)”可知，海龟蛋难找的原因是因为海龟会在蛋上面盖上泥土。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ThespeciesislistedasendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature’sRedList,thoughit’sunclearhowmanyremaininthewild.Environmentalpollution,habitatdestruction,theinternationalpettradeandhumanfoodharvestinghaveallledtothespecies’reductionovertheyears.( 该物种被国际自然保护联盟列为濒危物种，但目前尚不清楚野外还有多少。多年来，环境污染、栖息地破坏、国际宠物贸易和人类食物捕捞都导致了该物种的减少。)”可知，第四段主要讲述的是海龟濒危的原因。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章主要内容以及最后一段““Wehavebeencaringfortheseturtlesforaverylongtime,andpartofthatcareistogainagreaterunderstandingofthespecies’naturalhistory,”KimGrayadded.“WiththeknowledgewegainhereattheZoo,wecanbetterassistourpartnersinIndiatohelpthisessentialspeciesdevelopandgrowintheirnativehabitat.”(KimGray补充说：“我们照顾这些海龟已经很长时间了，这种照顾的一部分是为了更好地了解这个物种的自然史。凭借我们在动物园获得的知识，我们可以更好地帮助我们在印度的合作伙伴，帮助这种重要物种在它们的原生栖息地发展和生长。”)”可知，这些小海龟的出生意义非凡，可以帮助保护濒危物种。所以对这篇文章最感兴趣的人应该是动物学家。故选C。CMindfuleatingismaintaininganin-the-momentawarenessofthefoodanddrinkyouputintoyourbody.Formanyofus,ourbusydailylivesoftenmakemealtimesrushedthings.Wefindourselveseatinginthecargoingtowork,atthedeskinfrontofacomputerscreen,orparkedonthecouchwatchingTV.Weeatmindlessly,takingfooddownregardlessofwhetherwe’restillhungryornot.Infact,weofteneatforotherreasonsinsteadofhunger—tosatisfyemotionalneeds,tofreefromstress,ordealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,anxiety,loneliness,orboredom.Mindfuleatingistheoppositeofthiskindofunhealthy“mindless”eating.Mindfuleatingisn’taboutbeingperfect,alwayseatingtherightthings,orneverallowingyourselftoeaton-the-goagain.Andit’snotaboutestablishingstrictrulesforwhichfoodsyouhavetoincludeoravoidinyourdiet.Rather,it’saboutfocusingallyoursensesandbeingpresentasyoushopfor,cook,serve,andeatyourfood.Whilemindfulnessisn’tforeveryone,manypeoplefinditworthtrying.Bypayingcloseattentiontohowyoufeelasyoueat,youcanlearntoenjoybothyourfoodandtheexperienceofeating.Itcankeepyoufullwithlessfood,andinfluencewiserchoicesaboutwhatyoueatinthefuture.Itcanalsohelpyoufreeyourselffromunhealthyhabits.Topracticemindfulnessyouneedtoparticipateinanactivitywithtotalawareness.Inthecaseofmindfuleating,it’simportanttoeatwithallyourattentionratherthanonmultitasking(reading,watchingTV,daydreaming,etc).Whenyourattentionmovesaway,gentlybringitbacktoyourfoodandtheexperienceofcooking,serving,andeating.8.Whichbelongstomindfuleating?A.Eatingwhiledriving.B.Eatingasquicklyaspossible. C.Eatingtofillemotionalneeds.D.Eatingonlytosatisfyphysicalhunger.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“on-the-go”meaninParagraph2?A.Rudely.B.Crazily.C.Irregularly.D.Hurriedly.10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmindfuleating?A.It’satrendinweightloss.B.It’sworthwhiletohaveago.C.It’sauniversalruleofdiet.D.It’shelpfultokeepenergetic.11.Whatmightbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thebenefitsofmindfuleating.B.Thepracticeofmindfuleating.C.Thereasonsformindfuleating.D.Thespreadofmindfuleating.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正念饮食，介绍了正念饮食的概念以及如何练习正念饮食。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Infact,weofteneatforotherreasonsinsteadofhunger—tosatisfyemotionalneeds,tofreefromstress,ordealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,anxiety,loneliness,orboredom.Mindfuleatingistheoppositeofthiskindofunhealthy“mindless”eating.(事实上，我们经常因为其他原因而不是饥饿而吃东西——满足情感需求，摆脱压力，或处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、焦虑、孤独或无聊。正念饮食是这种不健康的“无意识”饮食的对立面。)”可知，作者认为我们经常因为其他原因而不是饥饿而吃东西，而正念饮食恰恰相反，也就是说正念饮食指的是我们因为饥饿而吃东西。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Mindfuleatingisn’taboutbeingperfect,alwayseatingtherightthings,(正念饮食并不是说要做到完美，)”可知，这里讲述的应该是人们对于正念饮食的误解，划线单词前是“alwayseatingtherightthings(总是吃正确的东西)”，这是人们普遍认为的良好的饮食习惯，由此判断，划线单词和上文的never构成人们普遍认可的良好饮食习惯。选项A“Rudely(粗鲁)”；选项B“Crazily(疯狂)”；选项C“Irregularly(没有规律地)”；选项D“Hurriedly.(匆忙地)”。表示饮食习惯的为hurriedly，同时也和下文“Rather,it’saboutfocusingallyoursensesandbeingpresentasyoushopfor,cook,serve,andeatyourfood.(相反，它是关于集中你所有的感官，在你购物、做饭、端菜和吃食物的时候活在当下。)”中的专注保持一致。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Whilemindfulnessisn’tforeveryone,manypeoplefinditworthtrying.Bypayingcloseattentiontohowyoufeelasyoueat,youcanlearntoenjoybothyourfoodandtheexperienceofeating. Itcankeepyoufullwithlessfood,andinfluencewiserchoicesaboutwhatyoueatinthefuture.Itcanalsohelpyoufreeyourselffromunhealthyhabits.(虽然正念并不适合所有人，但许多人认为它值得一试。通过密切关注你吃东西时的感觉，你可以学会享受你的食物和吃的体验。它可以让你在少吃的情况下保持饱腹感，并影响你未来对饮食的明智选择。它还可以帮助你摆脱不健康的习惯。)”可知，作者认为正念饮食有很多优点，所以是值得一试的。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Topracticemindfulness,youneedtoparticipateinanactivitywithtotalawareness.Inthecaseofmindfuleating,it’simportanttoeatwithallyourattentionratherthanonmultitasking(reading,watchingTV,daydreaming,etc).Whenyourattentionmovesaway,gentlybringitbacktoyourfoodandtheexperienceofcooking,serving,andeating.(要练习正念，你需要完全有意识地参与一项活动。在正念饮食的情况下，重要的是要全神贯注地吃饭，而不是一心多用(阅读、看电视、做白日梦等)。当你的注意力转移时，轻轻地把它带回到你的食物和烹饪、上菜和吃的体验上。)”可知，这一段作者开始引出想要练习正念饮食需要注意哪些内容。由此判断，接下来作者将要介绍练习正念饮食的具体做法。故选B。DMengWangisaprofessorofhumangenetics.She’sbeendoingexperimentsaboutoneofthemostexcitingnewareasofmedicine—ourmicrobiome(微生物群).Youcan’tseeitwiththenakedeye,butourmicrobiomeisallover(andinsideof)us.Recentstudiesshowthatitcaninfluencehowwebehaveandevenhowwellwerespondtodifferentdrugs.Wangsays,“Sometimesourmicrobiomesmakeussick,butontheotherhand,theyalsoplayaveryimportantroleinkeepingushealthy.”Wangwantedtoknowwhetherourmicrobiomecouldinfluenceaging.Totestit,shedecidedtoworkwithakindofworm(虫子)thatlivesonlytwoorthreeweeks.Herquestionwas,whatwouldhappenifyouchangedaworm’smicrobiome.Woulditbeabletoliveforlonger?Wangchoseoneofthetypesofbacteria(细菌)thatlivesinsideaworm,changeditsgenes(基因)soastomakedifferentvarieties,andthenfedthisbacteriatotheworms.Threeweekslater—bythetimetheyshouldhavealldied—shecheckedonthem.Toherexcitement,shefoundthatthewormshadnotdied.Olderwormsusuallyactslowly.Theoneswiththenewmicrobiomes,however,notonlymovedaroundmorequicklyintheiroldage,butwerelesslikelyaffectedbyillnesstoo.Wangisnowcarryingouttestsonmicetoseewhetherchangingtheirmicrobiomescaninfluencetheirlivesinasimilarway.Thereisachancethatonedaywemighttakepillswhichdothesameofus.Howmuchlongercouldthispossiblyallowustolivefor?“Personally,Ithink100isalreadyagoodnumber,”saysWang.12.WhatinfluencedoesMicrobiomehaveonusaccordingtorecentstudies? A.Impactingourbehavior.B.Lengtheninglifespan.C.Increasingdrugresistance.D.Leadingtodeadlyillness.13.WhatwastheresultofMengWang’sexperiment?A.Thewormsgrewbiggerinsize.B.Thewormskeptactiveatoldage.C.Thewormswerefreefromillness.D.Thewormsdevelopedintonewvarieties.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Mancanliveaslongas100.B.Microbiomeworksonmicesimilarly.C.Moretestsneedtobemade.D.Wangwilldevelopanti-agingpillssoon.15.Whichmightbethebesttitle?A.Microbiome:thehopeoflongerlife?B.TipsforscientificresearchC.MengWang:leadingscientistofgeneticsD.IntotheworldofMicrobiome【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述最近的研究表明，微生物群可以影响我们的行为方式，甚至影响我们对不同药物的反应，进而影响我们的寿命。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Youcan’tseeitwiththenakedeye,butourmicrobiomeisallover(andinsideof)us.Recentstudiesshowthatitcaninfluencehowwebehaveandevenhowwellwerespondtodifferentdrugs.(你用肉眼看不到，但我们的微生物群遍布我们的全身（和体内）。最近的研究表明，它可以影响我们的行为方式，甚至影响我们对不同药物的反应。)”可知，根据最近的研究表明，微生物群影响我们的行为。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Toherexcitement,shefoundthatthewormshadnotdied.Olderwormsusuallyactslowly.Theoneswiththenewmicrobiomes,however,notonlymovedaroundmorequicklyintheiroldage,butwerelesslikelyaffectedbyillnesstoo.(令她兴奋的是，她发现虫子并没有死。年长的蠕虫通常行动缓慢。然而，拥有新微生物群的不仅在老年时移动得更快，而且也不太可能受到疾病的影响。)”可知，在老年时拥有了新微生物群的蠕虫是活跃地。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wangisnowcarryingouttestsonmicetoseewhetherchangingtheir microbiomescaninfluencetheirlivesinasimilarway.Thereisachancethatonedaywemighttakepillswhichdothesameofus.(王现在正在老鼠身上进行实验，看看改变它们的微生物群是否会以类似的方式影响它们的生活。也许有一天，我们服用的药片也能起到同样的作用。)”可知，还需要进行更多地试验才能得出结论。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Youcan’tseeitwiththenakedeye,butourmicrobiomeisallover(andinsideof)us.Recentstudiesshowthatitcaninfluencehowwebehaveandevenhowwellwerespondtodifferentdrugs.(你用肉眼看不到，但我们的微生物群遍布我们的全身（和体内）。最近的研究表明，它可以影响我们的行为方式，甚至影响我们对不同药物的反应。)”和下文内容对实验过程以及结果的讲述以及最后一段的“Howmuchlongercouldthispossiblyallowustolivefor?“Personally,Ithink100isalreadyagoodnumber,”saysWang.”(这可能允许我们活多久？“就我个人而言，我认为100已经是一个不错的数字了，”王说。)”可知，本文主要讲述了研究表明微生物群可能会影响我们的寿命，因此推断A项“微生物群系：更长寿的希望吗？”为最佳标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Closefriendshavemanybenefits,butresearchshowsthathaving“weak-tie”friendshipsisasvaluable—orevenmore—asstrongones.SociologyprofessorMarkGranovetterpublishedastudycalled“TheStrengthofWeakTies”in1973.____16____Therearetwotypesof“circles”whenitcomestoaperson’ssocialworld:theinnerandoutercircles.____17____Meanwhile,peoplewhomwetalktobutnotoftenbelongtotheoutercircle.Granovetterreferstothemas“strong”and“weak”ties.Hepointsouttheimportanceofweaktieswhenitcomestolearningnewinformationandideas.Somecompaniesdesigntheirbuildingswiththeintentionoflettingpeoplemeetbychanceinaspecificarea.Forexample,Pixarhasalarge,centralhallwhereemployeescomeacrosseachotherandstartsmalltalks.Scientistshavealsofoundthatweaktiescreateabetter,happieratmosphere.____18____Ontheotherhand,werunoutof(缺少)thingstosharewithourfriendswhenwegetthechancetotalktothem.Sometimesit’shardertotalktopeopleweknowwellbecausethoseconversationscomewithanemotionalburdenduringthepandemic(流行病).Butthisdoesn’tmeanwehavetostophere.AsstatedinGranovetter’swork,wegetmoreinformationfromweakties.Takeadvantageofthepandemicbyaskingyourfriendshowtheyare.____19____Thisway,wecangetideastofigureouthowweshouldbehave.It ispointedoutthatrightnow,socialmediaisthebestreplacementforsmalltalks.Sparkingasmalltalkisawaytoshowthatyoucarewithoutusingmuchofyourtime,attention,andenergy.____20____A.Thatisthesecretbehind“weak-tie”friendships.B.Thestudymakespeoplevalueclosefriendsinanotherway.C.Andthenaskhowthey’redealingwiththecurrentsituation.D.SocialinteractionsnowadaysarelimitedduetotheCOVID-19.E.Closefriendswefeelcomfortablewithbelongtotheinnercircle.F.There,heexplainsthatweaktiesareimportantinfriendshipaswell.G.BecauseoftheCOVID-19,theworldhasseenachangeinbehaviors.【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.C20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对“弱关系”友谊进行了相关介绍。【16题详解】根据空前“SociologyprofessorMarkGranovetterpublishedastudycalled“TheStrengthofWeakTies”in1973.（社会学教授马克·格兰诺维特在1973年发表了一项名为“弱关系的力量”的研究。）”可知，F选项“There,heexplainsthatweaktiesareimportantinfriendshipaswell.（他在书中解释说，弱关系在友谊中也很重要。）”话题一致，是对前一句的进一步说明，同时选项中的he指的就是前面提到的MarkGranovetter。故选F项。【17题详解】根据空前“Therearetwotypesof“circles”whenitcomestoaperson’ssocialworld:theinnerandoutercircles.（在一个人的社交世界中有两种“圈子”：内部圈子和外部圈子。）”可知，E选项“Closefriendswefeelcomfortablewithbelongtotheinnercircle.（让我们感到舒服的亲密朋友属于内部圈子。）”是对上句提到innercircles的进一步解释，innercircle也是原词复现。故选E项。【18题详解】根据空处下句“Ontheotherhand,werunoutof(缺少)thingstosharewithourfriendswhenwegetthechancetotalktothem.（另一方面，当我们有机会和朋友聊天的时候，我们就会缺少可以和他们分享的东西。）”可知，这与D选项“SocialinteractionsnowadaysarelimitedduetotheCOVID-19.（由于新冠肺炎疫情，现在的社交活动非常有限。）”形成对比，前后话题也一致，讲述的是我们很少有机会参加社交，即使参加社交，也会缺少可以分享的东西。故选D项。【19题详解】根据空前“Takeadvantageofthepandemicbyaskingyourfriendshowtheyare. （借疫情这个机会，问问你的朋友们过得怎么样。）”可知，这与C选项“Andthenaskhowthey’redealingwiththecurrentsituation.（然后问他们是如何处理目前的情况的。）”内容一致，均是在介绍一些具体措施与方法。且选项中的they指代的就是空前的yourfriends。故选C项。【20题详解】根据空前“Sparkingasmalltalkisawaytoshowthatyoucarewithoutusingmuchofyourtime,attention,andenergy.（闲聊是一种不用花费你太多时间、注意力和精力就能表达你关心的方式。）”可知，A选项“Thatisthesecretbehind“weak-tie”friendships.（这就是“弱关系”友谊背后的秘密。）”是对空前的总结，空前是对“弱关系”友谊相关好处的具体介绍。故选A项。第三题选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从方框中选出能填入文中空白处的最合适的单词。注意，其中有两个多余选项。A.internetB.careersC.popularizeD.invitedE.nationalF.introducingG.titlesH.culturalI.understandJ.attractingK.platformL.practisingZhangHanliang,amartialartsteacheratTianshuiNormalUniversityinGansuprovince,hasproducedmanytraditionalChinesemartialartsvideosinthepastyears,____21____sixteenmillionviewersathomeandabroadontheonline____22____Bilibili.Zhang,now35yearsold,hasbeen____23____martialartssinceshewasseven.Thankstoherhardwork,Zhangwonherfirstsword(剑)championshipinGansuprovinceat13.Shethengotswordandspeartitlesata____24____levelwhenshewas17,andat20,shewonaseriesofchampionshiptitlesinvariouscategories.In2007,ZhangbegantoworkasamartialartsteacheratTianshuiNormalUniversity,gettingnew____25____suchasfirst-classnationalathleteandfirst-classnationaljudgeofmartialarts.Inadditiontoherdailyteachingtasks,Zhanghasbeen____26____toFrance,Russia,Malaysiaandothercountriesmanytimestoteachmartialarts.“Martialartscanbeabridgefor____27____exchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries,”saidZhang,addingthatshewantedto____28____martialartstotheaudiencethroughthe____29____.Andshehopedmoreandmoreforeignerscould_____30_____andlovemartialarts.【答案】21.J22.K23.L24.E25.G26.D27.H28.C29.A30.I【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了甘肃天水师范学院的一名武术老师张汉良制作了许多中国传统武术视频，在哔哩哔哩在线平台上吸引了1600万国内外观众。【21题详解】考查动词。句意：张汉良是甘肃天水师范学院的一名武术老师，在过去的几年里，他制作了许多中国传统武术视频，在哔哩哔哩在线平台上吸引了1600万国内外观众。分析句子可知，空处应填现在分词作结果状语，结合句意可知，此处表示“吸引”应为attracting。故选J项。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：张汉良是甘肃天水师范学院的一名武术老师，在过去的几年里，他制作了许多中国传统武术视频，在哔哩哔哩在线平台上吸引了1600万国内外观众。分析可知，空处由定冠词the修饰，作介词on的宾语，应填名词，结合句意可知，此处表示“平台”，应填platform。故选K项。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：今年35岁的张玉玲从7岁起就开始练习跳台武术。根据sinceshewasseven可知，本句描述从过去到现在一直进行的动作，应用现在完成进行时，所以空处应填动词的现在分词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“练习”，应填practising。故选L项。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：17岁时，她获得了国家级别的剑和矛冠军，20岁时，她在各种类别中赢得了一系列冠军头衔。分析可知，空处修饰名词level作定语，应填形容词，结合句意可知，此处表示“国家的”，应填national。故选E项。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：2007年开始在天水师范学院担任武术教师，先后获得国家一级运动员、国家一级武术裁判员等新称号。分析可知，空处由形容词new修饰，应填名词作动词getting的宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“头衔”，应填titles。故选G项。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：除了日常教学任务外，她还多次受邀前往法国、俄罗斯、马来西亚等国家教授武术。分析可知，空处为现在完成时的被动语态，空处应填动词的过去分词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“被邀请”，应填invited。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：“武术可以成为中国和其他国家文化交流的桥梁，”张说，并补充说她想通过互联网向观众普及武术。分析可知，空处修饰名词exchanges，应填形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“文化的”，应填cultural。故选H项。【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：“武术可以成为中国和其他国家文化交流的桥梁，”张说，并补充说她想通过互联网向观众普及武术。分析可知，wanttodosth.为固定搭配，表示“想要做某事”，所以空处应填动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“普及，推广”，应填popularize。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：“武术可以成为中国和其他国家文化交流的桥梁，”张说，并补充说她想通过互联网向观众普及武术。分析可知，空处由定冠词the修饰，应填名词作介词through的宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“互联网”，应填internet。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：她希望越来越多的外国人能够了解并热爱武术。分析可知，空处位于情态动词could之后，应填动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“理解”，应填understand。故选I项。第四题单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。31.Hiscourageandd______(决心)helpedhimwintheplay.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】determination##etermination【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他的勇气和决心帮助他赢得了这场戏。根据并列连词and前名词courage可知，用名词形式，在句中作主语。根据中英文提示及句意，故填determination。32.Iamlookingforwardtoe______(探索)ournewcampus.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】exploring##xploring【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：我期待着探索我们的新校园。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填动词explore，且上文为短语lookforwardtodoingsth.。故填exploring。33.Theo______(场合)ismoreenjoyableandthedishestastebetter.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】occasion##ccasion【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：场合更令人愉快，菜肴味道更好。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填名词occasion，作主语，结合is可知单数。故填occasion。34.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,you’llhavetwoo______(选择)foryourfuture.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】options##ptions【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你听从我的建议，你的未来将有两个选择。根据句意和首字母提示应填option“选择”作宾语，由two修饰用复数，故填options。35.Thedigitalagee______(使能够)ustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】enables##nables【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：数字时代使我们能够找到志同道合的人。分析可知，本句描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时，结合汉语提示可知，应填动词enable，表示“使能够”，且谓语动词enable要与主语Thedigitalage保持主谓一致，用单数。故填enables。36.Whataresometipsthatcanhelpyououtwhend______(防守)againstthem?(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】defending##efending【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有什么建议可以帮助你抵御它们吗？根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填动词defend，且与逻辑主语you为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填defending。37.Whenyouopenadictionary,youoftencomeacrossalotofu_______(不熟悉)words.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】unfamiliar【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你打开字典时，你经常会遇到很多你不熟悉的单词。根据汉语提示，应填形容词unfamiliar作定语，修饰名词words。故填unfamiliar。38.Thestrawberrycheesecakeishighlyr______(推荐)foritslovelysweetandfruitytaste.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】recommended##ecommended【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：强烈推荐草莓芝士蛋糕，因为它美好的甜味和水果味。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填动词recommend，与主语构成被动关系，结合is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填recommended。39.Theflatterracecatchestherainwaterandp______(阻止)thesoilfrombeingwashedaway.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】prevents##revents【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：平坦的露台可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填动词prevent，结合上文Theflatterracecatchestherainwater and可知为一般现在时，此处应用prevent的三单形式和cathes是并列谓语。故填prevents。40.TheRevengeofPrinceZidanisashowthatcombinesmusic,singing,drama,poetryandcostumedesignwithe______(爆炸性的)effect.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)【答案】explosive##xplosive【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：《王子复仇记》是一场融合了音乐、演唱、戏剧、诗歌以及惊艳服饰表演。分析可知，空处应填形容词修饰名词effect，作定语，结合汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词explosive，表示“爆炸性的”。故填explosive。第五题短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenZhengYaling,21,receivedheradmissionletter(录取通知书)fromHunanUniversitytwoyearsago,she____41____(immediate)startedlookingupHunanprovinceontheinternet.Born____42____raisedinJiayi,Taiwan,ZhengknewlittleabouttheChinesemainland.ShequicklyfoundthatYueluAcademy,locatedontheuniversity’scampus,____43____(found)in976ADandwasoneofChina’sfourmajoracademies.HunanisalsohometoZhangjiajieNationalForestPark,____44____themovieAvatarwasfilmed.Everythingshediscovered____45____(excite)Zhengaboutherupcomingcollegelife.Shesharedthenewswithherfriends.____46____(know)thatshewasleavingforamainlandprovince,however,theyhadmanyconcerns,becauseneithershenoranyofthemknewanythingaboutit.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,Zhengquicklyadapted____47____hernewlife.Inherdormitory(宿舍),sheandherroommateslookedafterandmotivatedoneanother.Forexample,herroommatestaughther____48____(type)inpinyinandtowritesimplifiedChinesecharacters.WhenZhengreturnedtotheuniversityaftervacations,shegottotastelocaldelicaciesfromnearlyeverymainlandprovince,____49____herclassmatesbroughtfromtheirhometowns.“Myfriendsarelikemyfamily,”Zhengsaid.“Theirloveandcarequicklyendedmy_____50_____(homesick).WheneverIneedthem,theyarealwaysthereforme.”【答案】41.immediately42.and43.wasfounded44.where45.excited46.Knowing47.to48.totype 49.which50.homesickness【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了台湾学生郑亚玲在中国湖南大学上学的经历。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：两年前，当21岁的郑亚玲收到湖南大学的录取通知书时，她立即开始在网上查湖南省。修饰动词started用副词作状语，故填immediately。【42题详解】考查连词。句意：在台湾嘉义出生并长大的郑对中国大陆知之甚少。根据句意，born与raised是并列关系，故填and。【43题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：她很快发现岳麓书院，位于北京大学校园内，始建于公元976年，是中国四大书院之一。分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，主语YueluAcademy是第三人称单数，与谓语动词found是被动关系，由时间状语in1976可知用一般过去时，故填wasfounded。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：湖南还有张家界国家森林公园，电影《阿凡达》就是在这里拍摄的。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词ZhangjiajieNationalForestPark，从句中作地点状语，故填where。【45题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她所发现的一切都让她对即将到来的大学生活兴奋不已。分析句子可知，主语everything，“shediscovered”是定语从句，修饰everything，excite是主句谓语动词，与主语Everything主动关系，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填excited。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，知道她要去大陆省份，他们有很多顾虑，因为她和他们都不了解中国。分析句子可知，句子主句是“theyhadmanyconcerns”，know用非谓语动词形式作状语，know与逻辑主语they是主动关系，用现在分词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Knowing。【47题详解】考查介词。句意：但令所有人惊讶的是，郑很快就适应了新生活。adaptto“适应”是固定短语，故填to。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，她的室友教她打拼音和写简体字。分析句子可知，此处用不定式作宾语补足语，teachsb.todosth.“教某人做某事”，故填totype。【49题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：假期结束后，郑回到大学，她品尝到了几乎每个大陆省份的地方美食，这些美食都是她的同学从家乡带来的。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词localdelicacies，从句中作宾语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。【50题详解】考查名词。句意：他们的爱和关心很快结束了我的思乡之情。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，作宾语，homesickness“乡思”，不可数名词，故填homesickness。第六题概要写作(满分20分)51.阅读下面短文，参照文后的结构图，写一篇80词左右的内容概要。TheBookThatKeepsOnGrowingItisoneofthemostfamousbooksintheworld;yetithasnostoryandnointerestingcharacters,noexcitingbeginningandnosatisfyingending.Andyetthisbookkeepsbeingprintedanditkeepsgrowing.ThisbookistheOxfordEnglishDictionary,oneofthemostfamousdictionariesintheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxfordEnglishDictionaryorOEDforshort,beganin1857asjustanideaofagroupofpeoplewhothoughttheworldneededanEnglish-languagedictionarytoshowthehistoryofEnglishwordsfrom1150CEtothepresent.Itwasn’tuntilthelate1870s,however,whenJamesMurrayjoinedtheprojectthatitbegantogrow.Murrayplannedforadictionaryofabout6,400pagesinfourvolumes(册),completedin10years.Murrayandhisassistantsworkedinasmallmetalbuilding.Theycollectedmillionsofpiecesofpaper,eachonewithawordandanexamplesentenceorphrasewrittenonit.Murrayandhisassistantsworkedhard,butafterfiveyearstheyhadonlyreachedthewordant!Itwasnotuntil1928thatthedictionarywascompletedandpublished:10volumeswithover400,000wordsandphrases.JamesMurraydidnotlivetoseethecompletionofhislife’swork,hepassedawayin1915,overadecadebeforeOEDcameout.Assoonasthedictionarywaspublished,however,theeditorsstartedtoupdateit!In1933,theOxfordEnglishdictionarywasreprintedin12volumes.Between1972and1986,fourmorevolumeswereaddedwithnewtechnicalandscientificvocabularyandwordsfromotherEnglish-speakingcountries,suchasCanada,theUSA,Australia,NewZealand,andSouthAfrica.In1989,theentiredictionarywasreprintedin20volumes!Threeyearslater,all20volumeswereputontoCD-ROM,andtheentiredictionaryisavailableonlinetoday.Withabout600,000wordsandthreemillionquotations(引语)fromover1,000yearsofEnglish,theOEDnotonlyisarecordofwheretheEnglishlanguagehascomefrombuthasalsobecomeanimportantpartofthehistoryofEnglish-speakingculturesaroundtheworld. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范例1：TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED),oneofthemostfamousEnglishdictionaries,beganin1857,whenitwasonlyanideatoshowthehistoryofEnglishwords.ThankstoJamesMurray’sparticipationinthelate1870s,OEDbegantogrowanditwasfinallypublishedin1928.However,sinceitspublication,ithasalwaysbeenupdated,withmorewordsandquotationsaddedtoit.HavingrecordedtheevolutionoftheEnglishlanguage,OEDhasbecomeanimportantpartofEnglish-speakingcultures.(81)范例2:OxfordEnglishDictionaryisoneofthemostfamousEnglishdictionaries.In1857,theideaofcompilinganEnglishdictionarywasputforwardbutitwasnotuntilthelate1870swhenJamesMurrayjoinedthattheprojectbegantogrow.In1928,thedictionarywasfinishedandpublished.Sincethen,ithasbeenconstantlyupdatedto20volumes.OEDnotonlyrecordstheoriginoftheEnglishlanguagebutalsoworksasanimportantpartofthehistoryofEnglish-speakingcultures.(82)【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，《牛津英语词典》(OED)是最著名的英语词典之一，创刊于1857年，当时它只是一个展示英语单词历史的想法。由于詹姆斯·默里在19世纪70年代后期的参与，《牛津英语词典》开始发展，最终于1928年出版。然而，自从它出版以来，它一直在更新，添加了更多的单词和语录。《牛津英语词典》记录了英语语言的演变，已经成为英语文化的重要组成部分。 【详解】1要点摘录①TheOxfordEnglishDictionaryorOEDforshort,beganin1857asjustanideaofagroupofpeoplewhothoughttheworldneededanEnglish-languagedictionarytoshowthehistoryofEnglishwordsfrom1150CEtothepresent.②Itwasn’tuntilthelate1870s,however,whenJamesMurrayjoinedtheprojectthatitbegantogrow.③Assoonasthedictionarywaspublished,however,theeditorsstartedtoupdateit!④Between1972and1986,fourmorevolumeswereaddedwithnewtechnicalandscientificvocabularyandwordsfromotherEnglish-speakingcountries,suchasCanada,theUSA,Australia,NewZealand,andSouthAfrica.⑤Withabout600,000wordsandthreemillionquotations(引语)fromover1,000yearsofEnglish,theOEDnotonlyisarecordofwheretheEnglishlanguagehascomefrombuthasalsobecomeanimportantpartofthehistoryofEnglish-speakingculturesaroundtheworld.2.缜密构思将第1、2、5几个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED),oneofthemostfamousEnglishdictionaries,beganin1857,whenitwasonlyanideatoshowthehistoryofEnglishwords.ThankstoJamesMurray’sparticipationinthelate1870s,OEDbegantogrowanditwasfinallypublishedin1928.However,sinceitspublication,ithasalwaysbeenupdated,withmorewordsandquotationsaddedtoit.HavingrecordedtheevolutionoftheEnglishlanguage,OEDhasbecomeanimportantpartofEnglish-speakingcultures.【点睛】[高分句型1]TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED),oneofthemostfamousEnglishdictionaries,beganin1857,whenitwasonlyanideatoshowthehistoryofEnglishwords.(运用了when引导的定语从句)[高分句型2]HavingrecordedtheevolutionoftheEnglishlanguage,OEDhasbecomeanimportantpartofEnglish-speakingcultures.(运用了现在分词作状语)第七题应用文(满分25分)52.请阅读图表Maindifficultyexperiencedwhenlearninganewlanguage，结合个人英语学习经历，选取其中一个或两个方面，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的困难以及你是如何战胜困难的。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.不得透露任何与个人和学校相关的真实信息。3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。Asthechartshows,peopleencountervariousdifficultieswhenlearninganewlanguage.Asforme,…___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范例1：Asthechartshows,peopleencountervariousdifficultieswhenlearninganewlanguage.Asforme,“noaccesstonativespeakers”requiredmoreeffortstodealwith,sincenoforeignteacherswereavailableinourschool.Inordertofindnativespeakerstocommunicatewith,IjoinedtheEnglishCornerinShandongUniversity(Weihai),wheresomeforeignstudentshopedtolearnChinese.WetaughteachothernotonlywhenwegatheredattheEnglishCornerbutalsowhenwehadtimetotalkviaWechat.Whatexciteduswasthatweallmadegreatprogressinlanguagelearningandhadabetterunderstandingofanotherculture.(90)范例2：Asthechartshows,peopleencountervariousdifficultieswhenlearninganewlanguage.Asforme,alwayskeepingupthemotivationwasahardnut.Frequentfailuresandunexpectedchallengesalwaysworeoutmypassion,throwingmeintofrustrationanddepression.Totackleit,IhadmymottostuckwhereIcanseeiteasily,remindingmyselfthattheyareladderstosuccess.Additionally,IgavemyselfarewardeverytimeIpickedupmotivationandkeptmoving.Bydoingso,Ihavemadeprogressnotonlyinlearninganewlanguagebutbeing abetterself.(81)【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达是图表作文。要求考生阅读图表Maindifficultyexperiencedwhenlearninganewlanguage，并结合个人英语学习经历，选取其中一个或两个方面，写一篇英语短文，谈谈遇到的困难以及是如何战胜困难的。【详解】1.词汇积累艰难的：hard→difficult消磨：wearout→weardown沮丧：frustration→upset解决：tackle→handle2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Frequentfailuresandunexpectedchallengesalwaysworeoutmypassion,throwingmeintofrustrationanddepression.拓展句：Frequentfailuresandunexpectedchallengesalwaysworeoutmypassion,whichthrewmeintofrustrationanddepression.【点睛】[高分句型1]Totackleit,IhadmymottostuckwhereIcanseeiteasily,remindingmyselfthattheyareladderstosuccess.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）[高分句型2]Additionally,IgavemyselfarewardeverytimeIpickedupmotivationandkeptmoving.（运用了everytime引导的时间状语从句）听力1~5:CBCAA6~10:BCABA11~15:CACBC16~20:ABACB