重庆市万州二中2023届高三下学期第三次诊断测试英语（原卷版）

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万州二中2023年高三下期第三次诊断测试英语试题考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;4.全卷共11页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Worktogether.B.Waitforataxi.C.Gotoarestaurant.2.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theperformancesweren’tgoodB.ShelostherwatchlastnightC.Shewaslatefortheperformance3.Whatisthepeoplemainlytalkabout?A.AmericanliteratureB.Elementaryeducation.C.Children’sliterature.4WhatwentonatCooper’slastnight?A.Amovieshow.B.Abirthdayparty.C.Asalespromotion.5.Howmuchmoneydidthespeakersmake?A.$500.B.Lessthan$500.C.Morethan$500.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

1听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.A.Ellen’sdeterminationtofulfillachildhooddream.B.Ellen’sabilitytoputherexperienceintowords.C.Ellen’sscientificandtechnicskills.7.A.Thosewhowanttobecomeastronautsshouldhaveexperienceasaeroplanepilots.B.Thosewhowanttobecomeastronautsshouldhavemorethanoneuniversitydegree.C.Thosewhowanttobecomeastronautsshouldbeaspecificheight.8.A.Spacewalking.B.Workinginmissioncontrol.C.Copingwithunexpectedproblems.9.A.Doastudyofthefirstpeopleinspace.B.DoaprojectonEllenOchoaaspartoftheirsciencecoursework.C.Findoutmoreaboutthecurrentstateofspaceresearch.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whoisthewoman?A.David’sclassmate.B.David’sdoctor.C.David’steacher.11.WhendoesDavidusuallygotobedrecently?A.Aroundninethirty.B.Aroundteno’clock.C.Aroundeleveno’clock.12.Whatdidthemanpromise?A.HewouldtakeDavidtoschool.B.Hewouldchangehisbadhabit.C.HewouldhelpDavidwithhisstudies.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。13.A.Trynottothinkofapolarbear.B.Trytoposeasapolarbear.C.Stopthinkingabouttheirfeet.14.A.Thosewhowereinformedofthepurposeoftheexperiment.B.Thosewhoweretoldtothinkofwhitebearsonpurpose.C.Thosewhowereaskednottothinkofawhitebearfromthebeginning.

215.A.Therewillbegreaterchanceofuscontrollingthethoughts.B.Olddoubtswillbemorelikelytocometothesurface.C.Wewillbebotheredmorelikelybythethoughts.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。16Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter?A.Hecanmovefast.B.Hewasborndisabled.CHewilltravelaroundtheworld.17.Howdoesthemanfindthewriter?A.Encouraging.B.Strange.C.Stupid.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。18.WhatwillMillie’smotherreceiveforherbirthday?A.Ashirt.B.Askirt.C.Asmallcake.19.Whowillcookthespecialdinner?A.Millie’smother.B.Millie’sfriend.C.Millie.20.Wherewillthespeakersgothisafternoon?A.Toabakery.B.Toagrocerystore.C.Toagiftshop.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASeniorEnglishnewseditorsandreportersJobdescription:ResponsibleforwritingnewsstoriesandcommentsinEnglishandeditingstoriesTheidealcandidatesshould:1.Havemasterdegreesinjournalism,masscommunications,internationalpolitics,economics,foreignlanguagesandotherrelatedmajors,andoverseasstudyexperiencepreferred;2.Haveastrongnewssensitivity,excellentEnglishskillsinlistening,oralcommunication,readingcomprehension,writingandtranslation,andbeabletoindependentlyconductinterviewsandwritenewsstoriesinEnglish;3.Havegoodcommunication,newsplanning,teamworkskills,beabletoadapttobusinesstripsandworknight

3shiftsunderhighworkingpressure.Englishvideoeditors/reportersJobdescription:Videoprogramplanning,videoshootingandediting,andvideoplatformoperationTheidealcandidatesshould:1.Havegoodskillsintheuseofvariousshootingequipment,editingsoftwaresuchasPremiere,FinalCut,AfterEffects,canindependentlyconductinterviews,shootandeditnewsvideos;2.Befamiliarwithdomesticandforeignvideoplatforms,browsingalargenumberofshortvideoprogramsfromhomeandabroad;3.Havestrongcommunicationskills,beabletoadapttogreaterworkpressure,havestrongteamworkability;4.Candidatesareabletoworkunderhighworkingpressure.ArtdesignersJobdescription:Pagedesign,chartdesignandposterdesignTheidealcandidatesshould:1.Havebachelordegreesinart,visualcommunication,andotherrelatedfields.2.Beabletoindependentlycompletedesigntasksunderhighworkingpressure,havegoodunderstandingandcommunicationskills.3.HaveproficiencyinusingInDesign,Photoshop,Illustratorandotherdesignsoftware;4.Candidatesareabletoadapttohighworkingpressure.PleasesendyourCVorresumetozhaopinbianji@globaltimes.com.cn,withthesubjectoftheemailindicatingsourceofrecruitmentinformation+yourname+positionsought.1.IfyouwanttoapplyforEnglishvideoeditors,youareexpectedtobegoodat_______.APhotoshopB.IllustratorC.PremiereD.InDesign2.Whatdoestherequirementsofcandidateshaveincommon?A.TheyshouldspeakfluentEnglish.B.Theyshouldbrowseforeignwebsites.C.Theycouldworknightshifts.D.Theycouldworkunderhighworkingpressure.3.Whichnewsagencyputupthisadvertisement?A.GlobalTimesB.ChinaDailyC.TheTimesD.WashingtonPostBTheAmericancompanyWalmartisofferingsomethingnewtoitsemployees:helpwithearningacollegedegree.Walmartsaidtheprogramisopentobothfull-timeandpart-timeworkerswhohavebeenwiththecompanyforatleast90days.

4WalmartisthelargestprivateemployerintheUnitedStates.Inthepast,thecompanyhashelpeditsworkersfinishhighschoolorpasstheGeneralEducationalDevelopment,orGEDexam,whichisdesignedtoshowone’sknowledgeofhighschool-levelskills.Walmarthopesthenewchancetoearnacollegedegreewillhelpitfindandkeephigherqualityentry-level(最底层的)employeesinacompetitivemarket.WalmartispartneringwithacompanycalledGuildEducationtoofferemployeesthechancetogetabachelor’sdegree(学士学位)inbusinessorsupply-chainmanagement.Theprogramwillcostadollaradayatoneofthethreeschools:theUniversityofFlorida,BrandmanUniversityandBellevueUniversity.AllthreeuniversitieshavehadsuccessinworkingwithadultlearnersandofferprogramsthroughtheInternet.Walmartplanstodevelopitsprogramfurthertootherdegreesinthefuture.Itwillalsooffercollege-preparationclassesforworkerswhoneedextrahelp.Thecompanyispayingforthecostofclasses,booksandotherschool-relatedcostssostudentswillnotneedtoborrowmoney.Thisnewpartnershipisanexampleofhowlargeretail(零售)businessesareunderstressandhavetoimprovetheskillsoftheirentry-levelworkers.Itcomesatatimewhenthejobsofentry-levelworkersaregettingmoredifficulttodopartlybecauseofthegrowingpopularityofonlinesales.TwootherreasonsarecompetitionfromonlineretailerAmazonandmorepickybuyers.ThecompanyalsotrainsmanagersatitsWalmartTrainingAcademy,andhasaprogramforentry-levelworkers.4.WhatrequirementsyoumustmeettotakepartinWalmart’sprogram?A.PassingtheGEDexam.B.Beingabletousecomputers.C.Payingadollaradayfortheprogram.D.Workingforitforatleastthreemonths.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtheprogramruns.B.Whatemployeeswilllearn.C.WhyWalmartcarriesouttheprogram.D.Wheretheentry-levelemployeesarefrom.6.Howistheprogram?A.Risky.B.Difficult.C.Necessary.D.Puzzling.7.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Walmartworkswiththreeuniversities.B.Walmartpaysforemployees’collegedegree.

5C.YouneedacollegedegreetoworkforWalmart.D.Youcanreceivecollegeeducationwhileworking.CPigsmaybemoreintelligentthanpeoplethought,asshowninastudywherepigsusedajoystick(操纵杆)andplayedavideogame.Researchersused2-year-oldPanepintomicropigscalledEbonyandIvory,aswellasHamletandOmelet,3-month-oldYorkshirepigs.Researchersfirsttaughtthesepigshowtoplaywithajoystick,teachingthemtheword,“joystick”.Next,onthewords“watchthescreen”,theylearnedhowtowatchtargets(目标)onthescreen.Ofcourse,praisewasgiventotheactivepigswinningagame.Duringtheexperiment,allpigsperformedwell.Astheybecamemoresuccessful,thelevelofdifficultyincreased,justlikeinhumanvideogames!Atfirst,thepigshadtohitathree-walledtargetwhichwasthenreducedtotwowallsandthenonewall.Allpigsdidwellwiththethree-walledtargets;however,thePanepintopigsperformedbetteronthemoredifficultlevels.OnedisadvantagefortheYorkshirepigswasthattheysimplygrewsolargethattheycouldnolongerfitintheirtest.Afterafewmonths,OmeletandHamletweretakenawayfromtheexperiment.Dr.CandaceCroney,aleadinganimalbehaviorscientistinCambridge,said,“Thefindingsofthestudyareimportantbecausewhatwedotopigsmatterstothem.Itwouldbeniceforpeopletorealizehowspecialpigsare,andhowmuchmoreintelligenttheymaybethanwerecognized.Theresearcherssaidthatthepigs’actionsweredeliberate(故意的).Thisledthemtobelievethatpigswereableto,successfullydonewtasks.“Itmayencourageotherresearcherstousetouchscreensandcomputertechnologytostudypigsintelligenceinthefuture,”Croneysaid.Theteamhopesthistypeofresearchwillmakepeoplepaymoreattentiontothisfarmanimalandshowpeoplehowtheycanchangethelivesofanimals.8.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothepigsatthebeginning?A.Theystudiedtheirhabits.B.Theygavethemenoughfood.C.Theytrainedthemtoplayagame.D.Theygavethemspecialnames.9.Whatcouldwefindaboutthepigsintheexperiment?A.Theycouldkeepfocusedforalongtime.B.Theytriedhardtowinthegamesforpraise.C.Theydidallthetaskswithoutanydifficulty.D.Theygothardertasksastheirperformanceimproved.10.WhatmadeOmeletandHamletunsuitablefortheexperimentlater?A.Theirintelligence.B.Theirbodysize.

6C.Theirpower.D.Theirweight.11.WhatisCroney’sattitudetowardstheresultsofthestudy?A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.UncertainD.Surprised.DWhyisn’tsciencebetter?Lookatcareerincentives.Thereareoftensubstantialgapsbetweentheidealizedandactualversionsofthosepeoplewhoseworkinvolvesprovidingasocialgood.Governmentofficialsaresupposedtoworkfortheirconstituents.Journalistsaresupposedtoprovideunbiasedreportingandpenetratinganalysis.Andscientistsaresupposedtorelentlesslyprobethefabricofrealitywiththemostrigorousandskepticalofmethods.Alltoooften,however,whatshouldbejustisn’tso.Inanumberofscientificfields,publishedfindingsturnoutnottoreplicate(复制),ortohavesmallereffectsthan,whatwasinitiallyclaimed.Plentyofsciencedoesreplicate—meaningtheexperimentsturnoutthesamewaywhenyourepeatthem—buttheamountthatdoesn’tistoomuchforcomfort.Buttherearealsowaysinwhichscientistsincreasetheirchancesofgettingitwrong.Runningstudieswithsmallsamples,miningdataforcorrelationsandforminghypothesestofitanexperiment’sresultsafterthefactarejustsomeofthewaystoincreasethenumberoffalsediscoveries.It’snotlikewedon’tknowhowtodobetter.Scientistswhostudyscientificmethodshaveknownaboutfeasibleremediesfordecades.Unfortunately,theiradviceoftenfallsondeafears.Why?Whyaren’tscientificmethodsbetterthantheyare?Inaword:incentives.Butperhapsnotinthewayyouthink.Inthe1970s,psychologistsandeconomistsbegantopointoutthedangerinrelyingonquantitativemeasuresforsocialdecision-making.Forexample,whenpublicschoolsareevaluatedbystudents’performanceonstandardizedtests,teachersrespondbyteaching“tothetest”.Inturn,thetestserveslargelyasofhowwelltheschoolcanpreparestudentsforthetest.Wecanseethisprinciple—oftensummarizedas“whenameasurebecomesatarget,itceasestobeagoodmeasure”—playingoutintherealmofresearch.Scienceisacompetitiveenterprise.Therearefarmorecredentialed(授以证书的)scholarsandresearchersthanthereareuniversityprofessorshipsorcomparablyprestigiousresearchpositions.Oncesomeoneacquiresaresearchposition,thereisadditionalcompetitionfortenure(终身教授)grantfunding,andsupportandplacementforgraduatestudents.Duetothiscompetitionforresources,scientistsmustbeevaluatedandcompared.Howdoyoutellifsomeoneisagoodscientist?Anoft-usedmetric(标准，度量)isthenumberofpublicationsonehasinpeer-reviewedjournals,aswellas

7thestatusofthosejournals.Metricslikethesemakeitstraightforwardtocompareresearcherswhoseworkmayotherwisebequitedifferent.Unfortunately,thisalsomakesthesenumberssusceptibletoexploitation.Ifscientistsaremotivatedtopublishoftenandinhigh-impactjournals,wemightexpectthemtoactivelytrytogamethesystem(钻空子).Andcertainly,somedo—asseeninrecenthigh-profilecasesofscientificfraud(欺诈).Ifmalicious(恶意的)fraudistheprimeconcern,thenperhapsthesolutionissimplyheightenedalertness.However,mostscientistsare,Ibelieve,genuinelyinterestedinlearningabouttheworld,andhonest.Theproblemwithincentivesisthattheycanshapeculturalnormswithoutanyintentiononthepartofindividuals.12.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Scientistsareexpectedtopersistentlydevotedtoexplorationofreality.BTheresearchfindingsfailtoachievetheexpectedeffect.C.Hypothesesaremodifiedtohighlighttheexperiments’results.D.Theamountofsciencethatdoesreplicateiscomforting.13.Whatdoesdeafearsinthefourthparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Thepublic.B.Theincentiveinitiators.C.Thepeerresearchers.D.Thehigh-impactjournaleditors.14.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Goodscientistsexcelinseekingresourcesandsecuringresearchpositions.B.Competitionforresourcespushesresearcherstopublishinamoreproductiveway.C.Allthecredentialedscholarsandresearcherswilltakeupuniversityprofessorships.D.Thenumberofpublicationrevealshowscientistsarebitterlyexploited.15.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmightbearemedyforthefundamentalprobleminscientificresearch?A.High-impactjournalsareencouragedtoreformtheincentivesforpublication.B.Thepeer-reviewprocessissupposedtoscaleupinspectionofscientificfraud.C.Researchersaremotivatedtogetactivelyinvolvedingamingthecurrentsystem.D.Careerincentivesforscientistsareexpectedtoconsidertheirpersonalintention.第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MentalHealthCrisisAmongTeensDemandsaNewApproachSincetheCDCreleaseditssurveyresultslastmonthshowingalarminglyhighratesofsadnessanddepressivethoughtsamongteens,fingershavebeenpointedfromtwosidesatthecausesofthiscrisis.____16____.Others

8saythattoday’smoresecular(世俗的)culturehasconfusedourmostvulnerableyoungpeople.Butneithersideseemstograspthetrueurgencyoftheissue.AccordingtotheCDC’sfindings,morethanoneinfiveofthe17,000highschoolstudentssurveyedreportedmentalbreakdown.Theirratesofsadnessandhopelessnessarethehighestinadecade,reflectinganincreasingtrendexacerbatedbysociety’sisolation(隔离)andstress.____17____.Parentsaswellasteachersandotherswhohavedirectcontactwithchildrenmustacceptthispreventiveapproach.Itiscrucialthattheynotbeafraidtoaskdirectquestionsaboutdepressivethoughts.____18____.Itisalsoespeciallyimportantthatparentsunderstandwhathelpisavailabletotheirchildren.____19____.Forexample,wecandemandequityequality,whichmeansinsurancecoverage(保险范围)forbehavioralillnesseshealthissuesthatisforphysical,thusreducingthefinancialburden.Wecanalsourgeourcongressmentofundhealthprogramsandexpandmentalhealthprofessions.____20____.Putthepoliticsaside.Therearelivesinthebalance.A.Andtheyshouldresistthefalseideathatraisingaquestioncreatesariskthatwasnottherebefore.B.Thismeansthatwemustputasideourdisagreementsandapproachthisissueasamatteroflifeanddeath.C.Somehavearguedthattheclimateissuehascreatedanexistentialthreatandaccompanyinganxiety.D.Hospitalizationmayalsobeappropriatewhenthepersoninquestionshowsanimmediatedangertothemselves.E.Atthemacro(宏观的)level,ourcountrycandosomuchmoretohelppeoplestrugglingwithmentalhealthproblemsandtheirfamilies.F.It’stimetostopblamingandturnourattentiontothisgenerationofstrugglingteenagers.G.It’stimeforthosewhohavethepowertoamplify(放大)theirvoicesanddrivechangetofocusonhelpingteenagersandfamiliesaccessthehelptheyneed.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenitcametomoralreasoning,weliketothinkourviewsonrightandwrongarerational.Butultimatelytheyaregroundedinemotion.Philosophershavearguedoverthisclaimforaquarterofamillenniumwithout____21____.Time’sup!Nowscientistsarmedwithbrainscannersaresteppingintosettlethematter.Thoughreasoncanshapemoraljudgment,emotionisoften____22____.HarvardpsychologistJoshuaGreenedoesbrainscansofpeopleastheystudytheso-calledtrolleyproblem.Supposeatrolleyisrollingdownthetracktowardfivepeoplewhowilldieunlessyoupullalever(杠杆)that

9pushesitontoanothertrackwhere,____23____,liesonepersonwhowilldieinstead.Aneasycall,mostpeoplesay:____24____thelossoflife—a“utilitarian”(实用主义的)goal,asphilosophersputit—isthethingtodo.Butsupposetheonlywaytosavethefivepeopleistopushsomeoneelseontothetrack—abystanderwhosebodywillbringthetrolleytoastopbeforeithitstheothers.It’sstillaone-for-five____25____,andyoustillinitiatetheactionthatdoomstheone.____26____,nowyouaremoredirectlyinvolved;mostpeoplesayitwouldbewrongtodothistrade-off.Why?AccordingtoGreene’sbrainscans,thesecondsituationmorethoroughlyexcitespartsofthebrainlinkedto____27____thandoesthelever-pullingsituation.Apparently,theintuitivehesitationofgivingsomeoneadeadlypushismore____28____thanthehesitationofadeadlyleverpull.Furtherstudiessuggestthatinbothcasestheemotionalconcerns____29____controlwithmorerationalpartsofthebrain.Inthesecondsituation,theemotionsareusuallystrongenoughtowin.Andwhentheylose,itisonlyafteratough_____30_____process.Thefewpeoplewhoapproveofpushinganinnocentmanontothetrackstakelongertoreachtheirdecision.Sotoowithpeoplewhoapproveofsmothering(闷死)acryingbabyratherthancatchingtheattentionofenemytroopswhowouldthenkillthebabyalongwithother_____31_____.Greeneexplainsthatourintuitivedisliketothekillingofaninnocentgraduallyevolvedtobecomeespeciallysensitivetovisionsofdirectphysicalattack.PrincetonphilosopherPeterSingerarguesthatweshould_____32_____ourmoralintuitions(本能)andaskwhethertheydeserverespectinthefirstplace.Whyobeymoralimpulsesthatevolvedtoservethe“_____33_____gene”—suchassympathythatmovestowardrelativesandfriends?Whynotworrymoreaboutpeopleanoceanawaywhosesufferingwecould_____34_____relieve?Isn’titbettertosave10starvingAfricanbabiesthantokeepyour90-year-oldfatheronlifesupport?Intheabsenceofatoughdecision-makingprocess,reasonmayindeedbea(n)“_____35_____ofthepassions”.21.A.comprehensionB.hesitationC.resolutionD.permission22.A.reliableB.invisibleC.impressiveD.decisive23.A.unfortunatelyB.obviouslyC.surprisinglyD.inevitably24.A.regrettingB.minimizingC.justifyingD.estimating25.A.struggleB.dealC.lossD.mistake26.A.LikewiseB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Moreover27.A.memoryB.reasonC.emotionD.sensory28.A.enduringB.obviousC.acceptableD.intense29.A.competeforB.comefromC.takeoverD.engagein30.A.self-reflectingB.decision-makingC.problem-solvingD.attention-calling31.A.innocentsB.hostagesC.relativesD.soldiers

1032.A.trustB.applyC.examineD.ignore33.A.superiorB.stubbornC.caringD.selfish34.A.willinglyB.collectivelyC.deliberatelyD.cheaply35.A.masterB.advocateC.slaveD.protester第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon’tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,”saysDanAriely,behaviouralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Lyingisevenconsidered_____36_____developmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,withsophisticatedplanningandattention_____37_____(require).But,formostpeople,lyinggetsincreasinglylimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.AccordingtoAriely,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainswhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantly.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(颅腔壁的)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedincomplexthinking.Itsuggestedthattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonesty,andafterthinkingaboutit,_____38_____(choose)thelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural(神经的)rewardcenterswere_____39_____(active)whentheywonmoneywerelesslikelytobeamongthegroupofliars,andtheoppositewasseenamongthoseso-calledhabitualliars,suggestingthatlying_____40_____havetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Externalconditionsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweseeothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwethinkothersarewatching.“We_____41_____asocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedon’tpunishlying,weincreasetheprobabilityof_____42_____happeningagain,influencingallofus,”Arielysaid.Ina2016study,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeople’sbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopletoldalie,thescientistsnoticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala,acrucialpartofthebrainthatproducesfearandguilt.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjects_____43_____(play)agameinwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantodecrease.“Notonlythat,”saidArielyinaninterviewwithNationalScienceChannel,“_____44_____peopletendedtoliemorewhentheyfacednoconsequencesfordishonesty.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelies,_____45_____getbiggerovertime.”第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

11第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Ann在北京冬奥会期间提供志愿者服务，并被评为优秀志愿者。请你给他写封电子邮件，表示祝贺，内容包括：1.表示祝贺；2.告知庆祝派对安排的相关事宜；注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearAnn,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Willyoudomeafavor,Achenyo?”Mamacalledasshelookedupfromherweaving.Besideherwasapileofwild-grassstalks(秆).Mamatookastalk,laiditalongthelengthofthehalf-finishedbag,andbegantoweave(编织).Inthecornerwerepotsofdyes(染料)she’dusetopaintthefinishedbags.“Willyougetmesomewaterforthedyes?”“Ofcourse,Mama!”Achenyopickedupapotassheranoutside.Shedidn’tlikeweaving,althoughitwasatraditionforamothertopassonthetradetoherdaughter.Outside,AchenyocalledtoherneighborAjuma.Bothgirls,withpotsbalancedontheirheads,madetheirwaytotheriver.AchenyoandAjumasoonarrivedatthewater’sedge,andtheyfoundahugesurprise.Theriverwasgone!Initsplacewasablanketofdarkgreenleavesandlavender-colored(淡紫色的)flowers.“Ohno!”Achenyocried.“Mamawon’thavewatertomixthedyesforherbags.”Whentheadultsarrivedattheriverbank,theyshooktheirheads,saying“They’vestruckagain!”Lastyear,therainyseasonhadbroughtaninvasion(入侵)ofwaterhyacinths.Theplantshadcoveredtheriverandleftnoroomtodipapottogetwater.Andnowtheywereback.Theadultswalkedintothewater.Theybegan

12pullingupwaterhyacinthsandthrowingthemontotheriverbank.Whenthey’dclearedenoughplants,thegirlsfilledtheirpotswithwater.Apileofwaterhyacinthslayontheriverbank.Whatashametowastesuchprettyflowers,Achenyothought.ShepickedsomeforMama,andthenthegirlsheadedhome.Eachday,theyfoundtherivercoveredbywaterhyacinthsasifnoonehadclearedthewaterfront(水边地)thedaybefore.Tofilltheirpots,theyagainhadtopullupandthrowwaterhyacinthsontotheriverbank.Thepileonthesandgrewtaller.Oneday,asAchenyomovedanarmfulofdriedwaterhyacinthsoutofherway,shehadanidea.Carryingtheplantsunderherarm,sheranhome.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。3.参考词汇：weavevt.&vi.(wove,woven)编织“Mama,willyouteachmetoweave?”askedAchenyoeagerly.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Oneafternoon,Achenyoheldupherfinishedworkmadefromwaterhyacinths.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________听力答案：1-20CABCBCBCBCCBACCBABCB

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