北大曹其军老师-英语阅读理解20篇

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ᓅᜧᐸὁ▅ᳮ20▅ᳮᓫ⚗PassagelIn1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecueᾙrestaurant.,thenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks'stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers*fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchiseᱯ⃩othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreeme

1ntstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches().TodayMcDonald'sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald'shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.1.Thispassagemainlytalksabort.A)thedevelopmentoffastfoodservicesB)howMcDonaldJsbecameabillion-dollarbusinessC)thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonaldD)RayKroc'sbusinesstalent2.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexceptA)adrive-inC)atheaterB)acinemaD)abarbecuerestaurant3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat.A)MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKroc

2B)ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdrive-inC)Fortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfast-foodrestaurantsD)RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman4.Thepassagesuggeststhat.A)creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccessB)RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothersC)MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKrocD)Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness5.Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theword”unique"means.A)specialC)financialB)attractiveD)peculiarPassage2You'rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let'sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcoHegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn'tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsa

3Harvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuDiversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“impostors!";anotherreferstothemas"specialcases."onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby"nosuchpeople."Toavoidoutright$%Ḅlies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey"attended"or"wereassociatedwith"acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat"attending"meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat"beingassociatedwith"acollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury-that'swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.

4Ifyoudon'twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecoMPAniesthatwillsellyouaphony(ᎷḄ)diploma.OnecoMPAny,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,w(putyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootStateUniversity."Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe"UniversityofPurdue."AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.6.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.A)employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnowB)lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblemC)collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasilyD)employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees7.Accordingtothepassage,uspecialcasesreferstocaseswhereA)studentsattendaschoolonlypart-timeB)studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication

5C)studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfilmsD)studentsattendedafamousschool8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A)performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythatacollegedegreeB)experienceisthebestteacherC)pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdoD)adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition9.ThispassageimpliesthatA)buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoralB)personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschoolsC)mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschoolD)societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications

610.Asusedinthefirst.Lineofthesecondparagraph,theword"utter"means.A)addressC)thoroughB)ultimateD)decisivePassage3EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault()*)+whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812,threemajorearthquakesoccurred,allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce,andhugecracksopenedintheground,allowingsmellofsulfur(,-)tofilterupward.TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes,probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston,SouthCarolina,ontheco

7ast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andclockswerestoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica'stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurches./forward.TheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;asomepoint,possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosettledownwards,andsuddensinkingmotionstrigger01earthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself,alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.11.Thispassageismainlyabout.AtheNewMadridfaultinMissouri

8B)theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridfaultsC)thecausesoffaultsD)currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults12.TheNewMadridfaultis.A)ahorizontalfaultB)averticalfaultC)amoreseriousfaultthantheSanAndreasfaultD)responsibleforformingtheMississippiRiver13.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.A)itisprobablyasdangeroustoliveinMissouriasinCaliforniaB)theNewMadridfaultwilleventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouriC)Californiaw(becomeanislandinfutureD)AbigearthquakewilloccurtoCaliforniasoon14.Thispassageimpliesthat.A)horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults.

9B)VerticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaultsC)EarthquakesoccuronlyaroundfaultareasD)Californiaw(breakintopiecesbyaneventualearthquake15.Asusedinthefirstsentenceofthefourthparagraph,theworduessentiallyvmeans.A)greatlyC)basicallyB)extremelyD)necessarilyPassage4Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(234)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheengi

10nefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy56.Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic78Ḅpress.Thiskindofthing:'Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestp

11ossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat.A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogetherB)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobeC)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikelyD)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace17.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailwaybringscomforttopeopleC)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell.18.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebutA)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

12B)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople'snervesC)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople'slungsD)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.A)theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroupB)theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroupC)theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailwayD)theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentiaIdangers20.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A)PracticalC)SatiricalB)Humorous.D)ExaggeratedPassage5In1960-1961,Chad(9:)harvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasants'back'towork,asthey

13hadslackedoff;<agreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencecelebrations,largelycontributedtoit.Also,rainswerewellspaced,andcontinuedthroughthewholemonthofOctober.Ifthe1961-1962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismostlybecauseeffortsslackenedagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdateissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to60000tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismillet/>ஹ@first,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohis'dailybread'.Anessentialreasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshouldleavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelysoldthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsychologicallyfarmoredifficultifone'spocketsarefullofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimalsencouraged.Peasantsshouldalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficultperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshouldbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininstallmentsᑖBCD.Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasplantedbeforethedeadline,thedatebeingadvancedtotheendofJune.Thosewhohavedonesowouldreceiveextramoneywhereasthelastplanterswouldnotreceivetheirlastpaymentuntillater.

14Onlythefirststepsarehard,becauseonceworkhasstartedthepeasantscontinuewillinglyontheirway.EducationalcaMPAignsamongthepeasantswillplayanessentialroleinthisbasicadvance,earlysowing,onwhichalltheothersdepend.Itisnotamatterofcontrollingthepeasants.Eachpeasantwremainmasterofhisfields.Onecould,however,suggesttheneedforthetimebeingofkindbutfirmrule,which,aslongasitcannotberealized'bythepeople',shouldatleastbe'forthepeople."21.In1960-1961,ChadhadagoodharvestofcottonbecauseA)thegovernmentgreatlyencouragedpeasantsB)rainsfavoredthegrowthofcottonC)ChadgainedindependenceinthepreviousyearD)BothA)andB)22.Welearnfromthepassagethatthedateofsowingcottonisusually.A)onJune15thC)onJuly1stB)onJuly15thD)onJuly20th23.Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraph,"dailybread"refersto.A)breakfastC)rice

15B)breadandbutterD)millet24.Inordertohelpthemthroughthedifficulttimebetweenharveststhepeasantshaveto.A)sellcottoninadvanceB)beencouragedtosavemoneyC)sowcottonintimeD)plantmilletfirst25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)EducationalcaMPAignsareveryimportanttoearlysowing.B)Ofalltheadvancesthatthewriterhopesfor,earlysowingisthemostimportant.C)Peasantsshouldremainthemastersoftheirfields.D)Governmentmightaswellmakegoodandfirmruleforpeasants.Passage6Wecanmakemistakesatanyage.Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.Butmostmistakesareaboutpeople."DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen?""WhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJimreallyfeelgoodaboutit,asafriend?Ordidheenvymyluck?""And

16Paul-whydidn'tpickupthathewasfriendlyjustbecause1hadacar?"Whenwelookback,doubtslikethesecanmakeusfeelbad.Butwhenwelookback,It'stoolate.Whydowegowrongaboutourfriends-orourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeoplesayhidestheirrealmeaning.Andifwedon'treallylistenwemissthefeelingbehindthewords.Supposesomeonetellsyou,"You'realuckydogthat'sbeingfriendly.But'luckydog"?There'sabitofenvyinthosewords.Maybehedoesn'tseeithimself.Butbringinginthe"dog"bitputsyoudownalittle.Whathemaybesayingisthatthedoesn'tthinkyoudeserveyourluck."Justthinkofallthethingsyouhavetobethankfulfor"isanothernoisethatsaysonethingandmeansanother.Itcouldmeanthatthespeakeristryingtogetyoutoseeyourproblemaspartofyourlifeasawhole.Butishe?Wrappedupinthisphraseisthethoughtthatyourproblemisn'timportant.It'stellingyoutothinkofaallthestarvingpeopleintheworldwhenyouhaven'tgotadateforSaturdaynight.Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone'swords?Onewayistotakeagoodlookatthepersontalking.Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesaysagreewiththetoneofvoice?HispostureE᝱?Thelookinhiseyes?Stopandthink.Theminuteyouspendthinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeopletoyoumaysaveanothermistake.26.Thispassageismainlyabout

17A)howtointerpretwhatpeoplesayB)whattodowhenyoulistentootherstalkingC)howtoavoidmistakeswhenyoucommunicatewithpeopleD)Whywegowrongwithpeoplesometimes27.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasonwhywegowrongaboutourfriendsisthat.A)WefailtolistencarefullywhentheytalkB)PeopletendtobeannoyedwhenwecheckwhattheysayC)PeopleusuallystateonethingbutmeansanotherD)Wetendtodoubtwhatourfriendssay28.Inthesentence"Maybehedoesn'tseeithimself."Inthesecondparagraph,thepronoun"it"refersto.A)beingfriendlyC)luckydogB)abitofenvyD)yourluck29.Whenwelistentoapersontalking,themostimportantthingforustodois.A)noticethewaythepersonistalking

18B)takeagoodlookatthepersontalkingC)mindhistone,hispostureandthelookinhiseyesD)examinetherealmeaningofwhathesaysbasedonhismanner,histoneandhisposture30.Theauthormostprobablyisa.A)teacherC)philosopherB)psychologistD)doctorPassage7Amoment'sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandthe“needle”-ashotofnovocaine(᝖IᓱK)Lthatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowit'struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves-andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn'tknowwhat'shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakir(MN)whositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,

19andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.ifthedentistsays,"Thiswillhurtalittle,"ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation(OP)+wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.31.Thepassageismainlyabout.A)howtosufferpainB)howtoavoidpainC)howtohandlepainD)howtostoppain32.Thesentence"Butwepayforoursensitivity."inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat.A)weshouldpayadebtforourfeelingB)wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomethingC)ourpainisworthfeelingD)whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit

2033.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhatA)IndiansarenotatallafraidofpainB)peoplemaybesenselessofpainC)somepeopleareabletohandlepainD)fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms34.themostimportantthingtohandlepainis.A)howwelookatpainB)tofeelpainasmuchaspossibleC)toshowaninterestinpainD)toacceptthepainreluctantly35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardspainis.A)pessimisticB)optimisticC)radical(᩽RḄ)D)practicalPassage8Thirty-twopeoplewatchedkittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?WasitIackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?

21"Notso,"sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltotheside-walk,ishehavingaheartattack?isheinacomaSTfromdiabetesUVWXOrisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isit"steampipes"?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?it'snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe"tested."Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthe"tests."Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthe"testingroom"andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.

22Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintrouble?Yes.scientistsfoundthatthepeoOplewereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson'strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.36.Thepurposeofthispassageis.A)toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergenciesB)toexplainwhenpeoplewillactinemergenciesC)toexplainwhatpeoplewilldoinemergenciesD)toexplainhowpeoplefeelinemergencies37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,hemustbeclearthatthereisarealemergency.B)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,heshouldknowwhetherheyareworthhishelp.

23C)Apersonmusttakethefullresponsibilityforthesafetyofthoseinemergenciesifhewantstohelp.D)Apersonwithaheartattackneedsthemost.38.Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeopiewillactinemergencieswhen.A)theyareinpairsB)theyareingroupsC)theyarealoneD)theyarewiththeirfriends39.Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.A)theyareafraidofemergenciesB)theyarereluctanttogetthemselvesinvolvedC)otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitateD)theydonothaveanydirectresponsibilityforthosewhoneedhelp40.Theauthorsuggeststhat.A)weshouldn'tblameapersonifhefailstoactinemergenciesB)apersonmustfeelguiltyifhefailstohelp

24C)peopleshouldberesponsibleforthemselvesinemergenciesD)whenyouareintrouble,peoplewillhelpyouanywayPassage9Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhadasimilarproblem.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.However,whenallthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing.Therearesixstagesinanalyzingaproblem.Firstthepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Sam'sbicycleisbroken,andhecannotreadittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthethinkermustdefinetheproblem.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustfindthereasonwhyitdoesnotwork.Forinstance,hemustdetermineiftheproblemiswiththegears,thebrakes,ortheframe.Hemustmakehisproblemmorespecific.Nowthepersonmustlookforinformationthatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadtopossiblesolutions.Forinstance,supposeSamdecidedthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththegearwheels.Atthistime,hecanlookinhisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutgears.Hecantalktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.Hecanlookathisgearscarefully.

25afterstudyingtheproblem,thepersonshouldhaveseveralsuggestionsforapossiblesolution.TakeSamasanillustration.Hissuggestionsmightbe:putoilonthegearwheels;buynewgearwheelsandreplacetheoldones;tightenorloosenthegearwheels.Eventuallyonesuggestionseemstobethesolutiontotheproblem.Sometimesthefinalideacomesverysuddenlybecausethethinkersuddenlyseessomethingneworseessomethinginanewway.Sam,forexample,suddenlyseesthatthereisapieceofchewinggum(Y✏U)betweenthegearwheels.Heimmediatelyrealizesthesolutiontohisproblem:hemustcleanthegearwheels.Finallythesolutionistested.Samcleansthegearwheelsandfindsthatafterwardshisbicycleworksperfectly.Inshort,hehassolvedtheproblem.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A)SixStagesforRepairingSam'sBicycleB)PossibleWaystoProblem-solvingC)NecessitiesofProblemAnalysisD)SuggestionsforAnalyzingaProblem42.InanalyzingaproblemweshoulddoallthefollowingexceptA)recognizeanddefinetheproblem

26B)lookforinformationtomaketheproblemclearerC)havesuggestionsforapossiblesolutionD)findasolutionbytrialormistake43.ByreferringtoSam'sbrokenbicycle,theauthorintendstoA)illustratethewaystorepairhisbicycleB)discusstheproblemsofhisbicycleC)tellushowtosolveaproblemD)showushowtoanalysesaproblem44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Peopledonotanalyzetheproblemtheymeet.B)Peopleoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.C)PeoplemaylearnfromtheirpastexperienceD)Peoplecannotsolvesomeproblemstheymeet.45.Asusedinthelastsentence,thephrase“inshort“meansA)inthelongrunB)indetailC)inawordD)intheendPassage10

27Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.ManycoMPAniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation[\.theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

28First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer,Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety'sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare,in1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.46.Theauthor'smainpurposetowritethisarticleis.A)todefinewhatthepovertylineisB)toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertylineC)tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpovertyD)toshowsyMPAthyforthosepoorpeople

2947.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.B)Poorpeoplearethosewholovebelowthepovertyline.C)Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.D)Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.48.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause.A)theydonothaveenoughmotivationB)theyaresoyoungthattheyaredeprivedofchancestoworkC)theyfailtogetenougheducationD)theyareverypoorinhealth49.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause.A)theytonothaveanymotivationtoworkB)theyarenotveryself-confidentC)theyaretooyoungortoooldtoworkD)theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems50.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat

30A)bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfoundB)welfarewenablepeopletoberichC)poorpeopleareboundtogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusinessD)employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblemPassage11Dreamisastorythataperson"watches,,oreventakespartinduringsleep.Dreameventsareimaginary,buttheyarerelatedtorealexperiencesandneedsinthedreamer'slife.Theyseemrealwhiletheyaretakingplace.Somedreamsarepleasant,othersareannoying,andstillothersarefrightening.Everyonedreams,butsomepersonsneverrecalldreaming.Othersrememberonlyalittleaboutadreamtheyhadjustbeforeawakeningandnothingaboutearlierdreams.Noonerecallsallhisdreams.Dreamsinvolvelittlelogicalthought.Inmostdreams,thedreamercannotcontrolwhathappenstohim.Thestorymaybeconfusing,andthingshappenthatwouldnothappeninreallife.Peopleseeinmostdreams,buttheymayalsohear,smell,touch,andtasteintheirdreams.Mostdreamsoccurincolor,butpersonswhohavebeenblindsineebirthdonotseeatallindreams.Dreamsareaproductofthesleeper'smind.Theyincludeeventsandfeelingsthathehasexperienced.Mostdreamsarerelatedtoevents

31ofthedaybeforethedreamandstrongwishesofthedreamer.Manyminorincidentsofthehoursbeforesleepappearindreams.Feweventsmorethantwodaysoldturnup.Deepwishesorfears-especiallythoseheldsincechildhood-oftenappearindreams,andmanydrearnsfulfilsuchwishes.Eventsinthesleeper'ssurrounding-aloudnoise,forexample,maybecomepartofadream,buttheydonotcausedreams.Somedreamsinvolvedeepfeelingsthatapersonmaynotrealizehehas.Psychiatrists(]^W_`)oftenusematerialfromapatient*sdreamstohelpthepersonunderstandhimselfbetter.Dreamingmayhelpmaintaingoodlearningability,memory,andemotionaladjustment.Peoplewhogetplentyofsleep-butareawakenedeachtimetheybegintodream-becomeanxiousandrestless.51.Thispassageismainlyabout.A)whywedreamduringsleepB)howwedreamduringsleepC)whatdreamsareD)whatbenefitsdreamsbringtopeople52.Accordingtothepassage,dreamsresultfrom.A)thesleeper'swishesB)thesleeper'simagination

32C)thesleeper'sfeelingD)thesleeper'sownmind53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Dreamisaconfusingstorywhichinvolveslittlelogicthought.B)Dreamisrelatedtothedreamer'sreallife.C)Dreamisanimaginarystorewhichseemsrealwhiletakingplace.D)Dreaminvolveseventsthatalwayshappeninreallife.54.Thispassagesuggeststhatpsychiatristsare.A)tryingtohelpthedreamerrecallhisearlierdreams.B)tryingtomakethesleeperdreamlogically.C)studyingthebenefitsofdreams.D)helpingthesleeperfulfillhisdreams55.Wemayinferformthepassagethatdreaming.A)isbeneficialtopeopleB)disturbspeople'slifeC)makespeoplealwaysrestlessD)deprivespeopleofagoodsleep

33Passage12Accordingtopsychologistsaᳮbc+anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenapersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear,ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld,itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlylearnshisemotionsbutlearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.IPositiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust,ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem,inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.

34Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.56.WelearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingA)onethinksbadorgoodB)onefeelsindangerC)onefacesintheoutsideworldD)onetriestoescapefromreallife57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.B)Babiesarebornwithemotions.C)Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.D)Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.58.Theauthor*spurposeofwritingthispassageisto.A)explainwhypeoplehaveemotionsB)showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotions

35C)explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotionsD)defineandclassifypeople'semotions59.WecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamifA)hecannotthinkproperlyB)hecan'tpayattentiontoitC)hecan'tpayattentiontoitD)heisnotfullofenergy60.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains”meansA)stopsB)tiesC)weakensD)flowsgraduallyPassage13Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskedwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild---orevenananimal,suchasapigeon-canlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.

36Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone'spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface,ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson,"youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendly,warm,andsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.Gordonallports,anAmericanpsychologist,foundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing,ortyping,hispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypes-peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthev(ain's(de)orthehero'srole.Infact,thewords"person"and"personality"comefromtheLatinpersona,meaning"mask."Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys"becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.61.Themainideaofthispassageis.A)howtodistinguishpeople'sfacesB)howtodescribepeople'spersonalityC)howtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutward

37D)howtodiffergoodpersonsfrombadpersons62.Theauthorismostprobablya.A)behavioristB)psychologistC)writerD)sociologist63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentpersonalities.B)Peopledifferfromeachinappearance.C)Peoplecanlearntorecognizefaces.D)Peoplecandescribeallthefeaturesofothers.64.Thereasonwhyitiseasiertodescribeaperson'spersonalityinwordsthanhisfaceisthat.A)aperson'sfaceismorecomplexthanhispersonalityB)aperson'spersonalityiseasilydistinguishedC)people'spersonalitiesareveryalikeD)manywordsareavailablewhenpeopletrytodescribeone'spersonality65.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopleclassifyapersonintocertaintypeaccordingto.A)hiswayofactingandthinking

38B)hiswayofspeakingandbehavingC)hislearningandbehaviorD)hisphysicalappearanceandhispersonalityPassage14Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing,itmaybeagameofsomekindfootball,hockey(fgᳫ)+golf,oftennis,itmaybemountaineering.Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.WhyaremenandwomenwiHingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,astherereforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.IfwecoMPAremountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota'team

39game'.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no'matehes'between'teams'ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities.Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnounusualforamanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermen,buttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffort,andtheycertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.66.Mountaineeringisasportwhichinvolves.A)hardshipC)physicalriskB)coldD)alloftheabove67.ThemaindifferencebetweenasportandagameliesinA)uniformC)rulesB)activityD)skills

4068.Mountaineeringisalsoateamsportbecause.A)itinvolvesrulesB)itinvolvesmatchesbetweenteamsC)itrequiresmentalandphysicalqualitiesD)mountaineersdependoneachotherwhileclimbing69.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Mountaineerscompeteagainsteachother.B)Mountaineerscompeteagainstotherteams.C)Mountaineerscompeteagainstnature.D)Mountaineerscompeteagainstinternationalstandard.70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A)MountaineeringB)MountainClimbersC)MountaineeringisDifferentfromGolfandFootballD)MountaineeringIsMoreDangerousThanOtherSportsPassage15Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredsp

41ellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityiᐜitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto"playsafe".Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandtechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivation[\toseekimprovement.71.Teachersaredifferentintheiropinionsabout.AthenecessityofteachingspellingBtheroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopmentCthewayofteachingspelling

42D)thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingsks72.Asusedinthesecondparagraph,theexpression"playsafe"mostprobablymeans.A)tospellcorrectlyB)towritesmoothlyC)toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureofD)tousedictionariesfrequently73.TeachersencouragethestudentstousedictionariessothatA)studentswillbeabletowritemorefreelyB)studentswbemoreskillfulinwritingC)studentswillbemoreconfidentinwritingD)studentswillbeindependentenough74.Theauthor,stoneis.A)ironicC)satiricalB)practicalD)critical75.Thispassagemainlydiscusses.A)thenecessityofspelling

43B)theroleofdevelopingwritingsldllsC)thecomplexitiesofspellingD)therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofwritingPassage16TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.TheythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheIeaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCoMPAnybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecided

44toseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheeveningNooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(k᱃me)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro'clockstoppedhergetting"asinkingfeeling"asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.76.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?A)TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.B)TeareachedBritainfromHolland.C)TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.D)Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.77.Thispassagemainlydiscusses.A)thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

45B)howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritainC)howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingteaD)howtea-timewasborn78.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain.A)ineighteenthcenturyB)insixteenthcenturyC)inseventeenthcenturyD)inthelateseventeenthcentury79.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause.A)ittastedlikemilkB)ittastedmorepleasantC)itbecameapopulardrinkD)MadamedeSevingewassuchaladywithgreatsocialinfluencethatpeopletriedtocopythewayshedranktea80.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof.A)afamousFrenchladyB)theancientChinese

46CtheuppersocialclassDpeopleinHollandPassage17Amysterious"blackcloud"approachestheearth-ourplanet'sweatherisseverelyaffected.ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishislesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.ThedeathnumberintheU.S.Remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsnoᙢqasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarsᙢrhewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

47Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperatureitistrue,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity(st).Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeopIebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun'sradiationbackintospace,Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManmanyotheranimals.81.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature.A)stayedateightyB)rangedfromeightytoninetyC)approachedonehundredD)exceededthehundredmark

4882.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecauseA)thetemperaturewastolerableB)peopleremainedindoorsforweeksC)thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperatureD)peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners83.MillionsofpeopleinCairo(uv)andtheCapeofGoodHope(wxy)weresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause.A)thetemperaturegrewextremelyhotB)thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreasedC)theirconditionsweretoodangerousD)nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature84.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat.A)humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

49B)moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlivesC)fewerpeoplecouldbesavedD)survivalordeathwasstillundecided85.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto.A)thehotairB)thetropicalclimateC)theraincloudsD)thedampatmospherePassage18Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe"battleofthesexes".Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman'sroleisregardedaslessimportant-andthathashappenedinsomecases-weareasbadlyofasbefore,onlyinreverse.

50ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanzmily.Wearegettingalittletiredof“monism"{|}~+-butwedon,twanttoexchangeitfora“neo-popism᱄|}~஺"Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit-notalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman'splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen'splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsoIvingitsownproblems.Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.86.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat.AparentsplayinbringinguptheirchildrenBmenplayinafamily

51C)womenplayinafamilyD)equalityplaysinafamily87.Theauthormeanstotellusthat.A)aman'splaceisinthehomeB)awoman'splaceisinthehomeC)awomanshouldbeequaltoamanD)amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters88.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedonA)cooperationC)momismB)authoritarianismD)neo-popism89.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?A)Thechildren.C)Theman.B)ThewomanD)Thepsychologist.90.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat.A)malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

52B)authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamilyC)authoritarianismdoesnogoodtoahealthyfamilyD)womenshouldbeequaltomenPassage19Idon'tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblood.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongnap(ᡭ+ṑ)afterdinner.Ifyoudidn'tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheevening,youwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtime.Ifyoudidn'tnapafterdinner,youwouldnotwanttostayupsolate,andyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepillisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmeal,engageinsomesortofphysicalactivity---asportsuchasbowling,perhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlier,andyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight'srestwithouttakingapill.Ifyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthisway,Iamsureyouwillfeellesstiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingap(.Ifso,getupandwatch

53televisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslater,getupbutdonottakeasleepingpill.Readawhileorlistentotheradio,andmakeyourselfafewhours'sleepthatnight,youwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatnaprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.91.Accordingtothewriter,itisdifficultforyoutogotosleepbecause.A)yougetthehabitofstayinguplateB)youhaven'ttakensleepingpillsC)yousleepforhoursafterdinnerD)youfailtodosomeexercises92.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueifyouwanttogetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening?A)Gotobedearlierthanusual.B)Talkwithfriendsafterdinner.C)Staywithfriendsafterdinner.D)Dosomephysicallabor.

5493.Youfeeltiredalldayprobablybecause.A)youstayuptoolateB)yougetuptooearlyinthemorningC)youtakesleepingpillsD)youwakeuptoofrequentlyatnight94.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A)Youmustn,ttakesleepingpillsinordertogetagoodnight'ssleep.B)Youshouldstayupifyouwanttosleepeffectively.C)Foodisnecessaryatnightifyoufailtogotosleep.D)Itisveryimportanttogetoutofthehabitoftakinganapafterdinner.95.WemayinferthattheauthorismostprobablyaA)doctorC)scientistB)reporterD)professorPassage20

55Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?Manypeopleareafraidtoassert⊤themselves.Dr.Alberti,authorofStandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,thinksit'sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwholesetupᑴisdesignedtomakepeopiedistrustthemselves,“saysAlberti."There'salways'superior'around-aparent,ateacher,aboss-who'knowsbetter'.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychipawayatyourself-image."ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeopleassertthemselves.Theyoffer"assertivenesstraining"courses-ATforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemoreactivewithouthurtingotherpeople.Inoneway,learningtospeakoutistoovercomefear.AgrouptakinganAtcoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButAtusesanevenstrongermotive-theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowthefeels.Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyou,youmayfeellessofaperson.Youstarttodoubtyourowngoodsense.

56Yougobytheotherperson'sdemand.But,whyshouldyou?ATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudo,youcanlearntospeakout.96.Asusedthefirstline,thephrase“talkback“means.A)persuadesomebodytochangehismindB)answershowingdisagreementC)talkandgobackD)fightbravely97.Thepassagemainlydiscussestheproblemthat.A)peopleareeasilycheatedwhentheybuysomethingB)peopleareafraidtospeakforthemselvesC)somepeoplethinktoolowofthethemselvesD)somepeopleareafraidofsuperiors98.Wemayinferfromthepassagethattheauthor'sattitudetowardsthewholesetupis.A)positiveB)negativeC)hostile

57D)appreciative99.Onethingthat“AssertivenessTrainingdoesnotdoisA)helppeopleovercomefearB)showpeopletheyhavearighttobethemselvesC)helppeopletoassertthemselvesevenifotherssufferD)helppeopletofeelgoodaboutthemselves100.AbesttitleforthispassageisA)AssertivenessTrainingB)DevelopmentofSelf-respectC)TheImportanceofSelf-imageD)HowtoFeelGoodAboutYourselfKeyPassage1CBDADPassage2BCDDCPassage3BBACCPassage4CDDACPassage5DCDBBPassage6CCBDBPassage7CDCAB

58Passage8BCCDAPassage9BDCACPassage10CDBCAPassage11CDDCAPassage12ABDBCPassage13CBDDDPassage14DCDCAPassage15BCCDDPassage16.BACDCPassage17CDBDAPassage18BDAABPassage19CDCDAPassage20BCBCA