北大曹其军老师英语阅读理解20篇

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ᓅᜧᐸὁ▅ᳮ20▅ᳮᓫ⚗PassagelIn1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecueᾙrestaurant.,thenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks'stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers*fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchiseᱯ⃩othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreeme

1ntstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches().TodayMcDonald'sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald'shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.1.Thispassagemainlytalksabort.A)thedevelopmentoffastfoodservicesB)howMcDonald*sbecameabion-dollarbusinessC)thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonaldD)RayKroc'sbusinesstalent2.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexceptA)adrive-inC)atheaterB)acinemaD)abarbecuerestaurant3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat.A)MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKroc

2B)ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdrive-inC)Fortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfast-foodrestaurantsD)RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman4.Thepassagesuggeststhat.A)creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccessB)RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothersC)MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKrocD)Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness5.Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theword”unique"means.A)specialC)financialB)attractiveD)peculiarPassage2You'rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let'sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcoHegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn'tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsa

3Harvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuDiversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“impostors!"”$anotherreferstothemas"specialcases."onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby"nosuchpeople."Toavoidoutright%&Ḅlies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey"attended"or"wereassociatedwith"acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat"attending"meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat"beingassociatedwith"acollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury-that'swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.

4Ifyoudon'twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecoMPAniesthatwillsellyouaphony(ᎷḄ)diploma.OnecoMPAny,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootStateUniversity."Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe"UniversityofPurdue."AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.6.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.A)employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnowB)lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblemC)collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasilyD)employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees7.Accordingtothepassage,“specialcases“referstocaseswhereA)studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time

5B)studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplicationC)studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfilmsD)studentsattendedafamousschool8.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A)performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythatacollegedegreeB)experienceisthebestteacherC)pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdoD)adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition9.Thispassageimpliesthat.A)buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoralB)personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschoolsC)mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschool

6D)societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications10.Asusedinthefirst.Lineofthesecondparagraph,theword"utter"means.A)addressC)thoroughB)ultimateD)decisivePassage3EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault()*)+whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812,threemajorearthquakesoccurred,allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce,andhugecracksopenedintheground,allowingsmellofsulfur(,-)tofilterupward.TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewereIdledintheNewMadridearthquakes,probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;butthese

7verityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston,SouthCarolina,onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andclockswerestoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica'stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurches./forward.TheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;asomepoint,possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosettledownwards,andsuddensinkingmotionstrigger01earthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself,alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.11.Thispassageismainlyabout

8A)theNewMadridfaultinMissouriB)theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridInuitsC)thecausesoffaultsD)currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults12.TheNewMadrid2ultis.A)ahorizontalfaultB)averticalfaultC)amoreseriousfaultthantheSanAndreasfaultD)responsibleforformingtheMississippiRiver13.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.A)itisprobablyasdangeroustoliveinMissouriasinCaliforniaB)theNewMadridfaultwilleventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouriC)CaliforniawillbecomeanislandinfutureD)AbigearthquakewilloccurtoCaliforniasoon14.Thispassageimpliesthat

9A)horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults.B)VerticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaultsC)EarthquakesoccuronlyaroundfaultareasD)Californiawillbreakintopiecesbyaneventualearthquake15.Asusedinthefirstsentenceofthefourthparagraph,theword“essentially“means.A)greatlyC)basicallyB)extremelyD)necessarilyPassage4Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemost

10dangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs345andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy67.Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic89Ḅpress.Thiskindofthing:*Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto."

11Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat.A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogetherB)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobeC)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikelyD)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace17.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailwaybringscomforttopeopleC)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell.

1218.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebutA)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealthB)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople'snervesC)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople'slungsD)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.A)theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroupB)theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroupC)theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailwayD)theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentiaIdangers20.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A)PracticalC)SatiricalB)Humorous.D)ExaggeratedPassage5

13In1960-1961,Chad:;harvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasants'back'towork,astheyhadslackedoff<=agreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencecelebrations,largelycontributedtoit.Also,rainswerewellspaced,andcontinuedthroughthewholemonthofOctober.Ifthe1961-1962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismostlybecauseeffortsslackenedagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdateissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to60000tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismetdஹ?first,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohis'dailybread'.Anessentialreasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshouldleavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelysoldthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsychologicallyfarmoredifficultifone'spocketsarefullofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimalsencouraged.Peasantsshouldalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficultperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshouldbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininstallmentsᑖABCD.Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasplantedbeforethedeadline,thedatebeingad

14vancedtotheendofJune.Thosewhohavedonesowouldreceiveextramoneywhereasthelastplanterswouldnotreceivetheirlastpaymentuntillater.Onlythefirststepsarehard,becauseonceworkhasstartedthepeasantscontinuewillinglyontheirway.EducationalcaMPAignsamongthepeasantswillplayanessentialroleinthisbasicadvance,earlysowing,onwhichalltheothersdepend.Itisnotamatterofcontrollingthepeasants.Eachpeasantwillremainmasterofhisfields.Onecould,however,suggesttheneedforthetimebeingofkindbutfirmrule,which,aslongasitcannotberealized*bythepeople',shouldatleastbe'forthepeople.)21.In1960-1961,ChadhadagoodharvestofcottonbecauseA)thegovernmentgreatlyencouragedpeasantsB)rainsfavoredthegrowthofcottonC)ChadgainedindependenceinthepreviousyearD)BothA)andB)22.Welearnfromthepassagethatthedateofsowingcottonisusually.A)onJune15thC)onJuly1stB)onJuly15thD)onJuly20th

1523.Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraph,"dailybread"refersto.A)breakfastC)riceB)breadandbutterD)millet24.Inordertohelpthemthroughthedifficulttimebetweenharveststhepeasantshaveto.A)sellcottoninadvanceB)beencouragedtosavemoneyC)sowcottonintimeD)plantmilletfirst25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)EducationalcaMPAignsareveryimportanttoearlysowing.B)Ofalltheadvancesthatthewriterhopesfor,earlysowingisthemostimportant.C)Peasantsshouldremainthemastersoftheirfields.D)Governmentmightaswellmakegoodandfirmruleforpeasants.Passage6

16Wecanmakemistakesatanyage.Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.Butmostmistakesareaboutpeople."DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen?""WhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJimreallyfeelgoodaboutit,asafriend?Ordidheenvymyluck?""AndPaul-whydidn'tpickupthathewasfriendlyjustbecause1hadacar?"Whenwelookback,doubtslikethesecanmakeusfeelbad.Butwhenwelookback,It'stoolate.Whydowegowrongaboutourfriends-orourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeoplesayhidestheirrealmeaning.Andifwedon'treallylistenwemissthefeelingbehindthewords.Supposesomeonetellsyou,"You'realuckydogthat'sbeingfriendly.But"luckydog"?There'sabitofenvyinthosewords.Maybehedoesn'tseeithimself.Butbringinginthe"dog"bitputsyoudownalittle.Whathemaybesayingisthatthedoesn'tthinkyoudeserveyourluck."Justthinkofallthethingsyouhavetobethankfulfor"isanothernoisethatsaysonethingandmeansanother.Itcouldmeanthatthespeakeristryingtogetyoutoseeyourproblemaspartofyourlifeasawhole.Butishe?Wrappedupinthisphraseisthethoughtthatyourproblemisn'timportant.It'stellingyoutothinkofaallthestarvingpeopleintheworldwhenyouhaven'tgotadateforSaturdaynight.Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone'swords?Onewayistotakeagoodlookatthepersontalking.Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesaysagreewiththetoneofvoice?Hisp

17osture(E᝱)?Thelookinhiseyes?Stopandthink.Theminuteyouspendthinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeopletoyoumaysaveanothermistake.26.Thispassageismainlyabout.A)howtointerpretwhatpeoplesayB)whattodowhenyoulistentootherstalkingC)howtoavoidmistakeswhenyoucommunicatewithpeopleD)Whywegowrongwithpeoplesometimes27.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasonwhywegowrongaboutourfriendsisthat.A)WefailtolistencarefullywhentheytalkB)PeopletendtobeannoyedwhenwecheckwhattheysayC)PeopleusuallystateonethingbutmeansanotherD)Wetendtodoubtwhatourfriendssay28.Inthesentence"Maybehedoesn'tseeithimself."Inthesecondparagraph,thepronoun"it"refersto.A)beingfriendlyC)luckydog

18B)abitofenvyD)yourluck29.Whenwelistentoapersontalking,themostimportantthingforustodoisA)noticethewaythepersonistalkingB)takeagoodlookatthepersontalkingC)mindhistone,hispostureandthelookinhiseyesD)examinetherealmeaningofwhathesaysbasedonhismanner,histoneandhisposture30.Theauthormostprobablyisa.A)teacherC)philosopherB)psychologistD)doctorPassage7Amoment'sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandthe“needle”-ashotofnovocaine(᝖IᓱK)Lthatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowit'struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves-andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn'tknowwhat'shappening.B

19utwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakir(MN)whositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.ifthedentistsays,"Thiswhurtalittle,"ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation(OP)+wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.31.Thepassageismainlyabout.A)howtosufferpainB)howtoavoidpainC)howtohandlepainD)howtostoppain32.Thesentence"Butwepayforoursensitivity."inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat.

20A)weshouldpayadebtforourfeelingB)wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomethingC)ourpainisworthfeelingD)whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit33.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhatA)IndiansarenotatallafraidofpainB)peoplemaybesenselessofpainC)somepeopleareabletohandlepainD)fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms34.themostimportantthingtohandlepainis.A)howwelookatpainB)tofeelpainasmuchaspossibleC)toshowaninterestinpainD)toacceptthepainreluctantly35.Theauthor,sattitudetowardspainis.A)pessimisticB)optimisticC)radical(᩽RḄ)D)practical

21Passage8Thirty-twopeoplewatchedkittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?WasitIackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?"Notso,"sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltotheside-walk,ishehavingaheartattack?isheinacomaSTfromdiabetesUVW?Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isit"steampipes"?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?it'snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe"tested."Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthe"tests."Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthe"testingroom"andtheroomint

22owhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintrouble?Yes.scientistsfoundthatthepeoOplewereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson'strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.36.Thepurposeofthispassageis.A)toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergenciesB)toexplainwhenpeoplewillactinemergenciesC)toexplainwhatpeoplewilldoinemergenciesD)toexplainhowpeoplefeelinemergencies37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

23A)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,hemustbeclearthatthereisarealemergency.B)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,heshouldknowwhetherheyareworthhishelp.C)Apersonmusttakethefullresponsibilityforthesafetyofthoseinemergenciesifhewantstohelp.D)Apersonwithaheartattackneedsthemost.38.Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeopiewactinemergencieswhen.A)theyareinpairsB)theyareingroupsC)theyarealoneD)theyarewiththeirfriends39.Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.A)theyareafraidofemergenciesB)theyarereluctanttogetthemselvesinvolvedC)otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitate

24D)theydonothaveanydirectresponsibilityforthosewhoneedhelp40.Theauthorsuggeststhat.A)weshouldn'tblameapersonifhefailstoactinemergenciesB)apersonmustfeelguiltyifhefailstohelpC)peopleshouldberesponsibleforthemselvesinemergenciesD)whenyouareintrouble,peoplewillhelpyouanywayPassage9Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhadasimilarproblem.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.However,whenallthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing.Therearesixstagesinanalyzingaproblem.Firstthepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Sam'sbicycleisbroken,andhecannotreadittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthethinkermustdefinetheproblem.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustfindthereasonwhyitdoesnotwork.Forinstance,

25hemustdetermineiftheproblemiswiththegears,thebrakes,ortheframe.Hemustmakehisproblemmorespecific.Nowthepersonmustlookforinformationthatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadtopossiblesolutions.Forinstance,supposeSamdecidedthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththegearwheels.Atthistime,hecanlookinhisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutgears.Hecantalktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.Hecanlookathisgearscarefully.afterstudyingtheproblem,thepersonshouldhaveseveralsuggestionsforapossiblesolution.TakeSamasanillustration.Hissuggestionsmightbe:putoilonthegearwheels;buynewgearwheelsandreplacetheoldones;tightenorloosenthegearwheels.Eventuallyonesuggestionseemstobethesolutiontotheproblem.Sometimesthefinalideacomesverysuddenlybecausethethinkersuddenlyseessomethingneworseessomethinginanewway.Sam,forexample,suddenlyseesthatthereisapieceofchewinggumX✏Ubetweenthegearwheels.Heimmediatelyrealizesthesolutiontohisproblem:hemustcleanthegearwheels.Finallythesolutionistested.Samcleansthegearwheelsandfindsthatafterwardshisbicycleworksperfectly.Inshort,hehassolvedtheproblem.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A
SixStagesforRepairingSam'sBicycle

26B)PossibleWaystoProblem-solvingC)NecessitiesofProblemAnalysisD)SuggestionsforAnalyzingaProblem42.InanalyzingaproblemweshoulddoallthefollowingexceptA)recognizeanddefinetheproblemB)lookforinformationtomaketheproblemclearerC)havesuggestionsforapossiblesolutionD)findasolutionbytrialormistake43.ByreferringtoSam'sbrokenbicycle,theauthorintendstoA)illustratethewaystorepairhisbicycleB)discusstheproblemsofhisbicycleC)tellushowtosolveaproblemD)showushowtoanalysesaproblem44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Peopledonotanalyzetheproblemtheymeet.B)Peopleoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.

27C)PeoplemaylearnfromtheirpastexperienceD)Peoplecannotsolvesomeproblemstheymeet.45.Asusedinthelastsentence,thephrase“inshort“meansA)inthelongrunB)indetailC)inawordD)intheendPassage10Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.ManycoMPAniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

28Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivationZ[.theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer,Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety'sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare,in1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.

29Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.46.Theauthor;smainpurposetowritethisarticleis.A)todefinewhatthepovertylineisB)toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertylineC)tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpovertyD)toshowsyMPAthyforthosepoorpeople47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.B)Poorpeoplearethosewholovebelowthepovertyline.C)Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.D)Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.48.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause.A)theydonothaveenoughmotivationB)theyaresoyoungthattheyaredeprivedofchancestoworkC)theyfailtogetenougheducation

30D)theyareverypoorinhealth49.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause.A)theytonothaveanymotivationtoworkB)theyarenotveryself-confidentC)theyaretooyoungortoooldtoworkD)theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems50.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.A)bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfoundB)welfarewillenablepeopletoberichC)poorpeopleareboundtogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusinessD)employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblemPassage11Dreamisastorythataperson"watches,,oreventakespartinduringsleep.Dreameventsareimaginary,buttheyarerelatedtorealexperiencesandneedsinthedreamer'slife.Theyseemrealwhiletheyaretakingplace.Somedreamsarepleasant,othersareannoying,andstillothersarefrightening.

31Everyonedreams,butsomepersonsneverrecalldreaming.Othersrememberonlyalittleaboutadreamtheyhadjustbeforeawakeningandnothingaboutearlierdreams.Noonerecallsallhisdreams.Dreamsinvolvelittlelogicalthought.Inmostdreams,thedreamercannotcontrolwhathappenstohim.Thestorymaybeconfusing,andthingshappenthatwouldnothappeninreallife.Peopleseeinmostdreams,buttheymayalsohear,smell,touch,andtasteintheirdreams.Mostdreamsoccurincolor,butpersonswhohavebeenblindsineebirthdonotseeatallindreams.Dreamsareaproductofthesleeper'smind.Theyincludeeventsandfeelingsthathehasexperienced.Mostdreamsarerelatedtoeventsofthedaybeforethedreamandstrongwishesofthedreamer.Manyminorincidentsofthehoursbeforesleepappearindreams.Feweventsmorethantwodaysoldturnup.Deepwishesorfears-especiallythoseheldsincechildhood-oftenappearindreams,andmanydrearnsfulfilsuchwishes.Eventsinthesleeper'ssurrounding-aloudnoise,forexample,maybecomepartofadream,buttheydonotcausedreams.Somedreamsinvolvedeepfeelingsthatapersonmaynotrealizehehas.Psychiatrists\]W^_oftenusematerialfromapatienfsdreamstohelpthepersonunderstandhimselfbetter.Dreamingmayhelpmaintaingoodlearningability,memory,andemotionaladjustment.Peoplewhogetplentyofsleep-butareawakenedeachtimetheybegintodream-becomeanxiousandrestless.

3251.Thispassageismainlyabout.A)whywedreamduringsleepB)howwedreamduringsleepC)whatdreamsareD)whatbenefitsdreamsbringtopeople52.Accordingtothepassage,dreamsresultfrom.A)thesleeper'swishesB)thesleeper'simaginationC)thesleeper'sfeelingD)thesleeper'sownmind53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Dreamisaconfusingstorywhichinvolveslittlelogicthought.B)Dreamisrelatedtothedreamer'sreallife.C)Dreamisanimaginarystorewhichseemsrealwhiletakingplace.D)Dreaminvolveseventsthatalwayshappeninreallife.54.Thispassagesuggeststhatpsychiatristsare.A)tryingtohelpthedreamerrecallhisearlierdreams.

33B)tryingtomakethesleeperdreamlogically.C)studyingthebenefitsofdreams.D)helpingthesleeperfulfillhisdreams55.Wemayinferformthepassagethatdreaming.A)isbeneficialtopeopleB)disturbspeople'slifeC)makespeoplealwaysrestlessD)deprivespeopleofagoodsleepPassage12Accordingtopsychologists(`ᳮab)+anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenapersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear,ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld,itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlylearnshisemotionsbutlearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.

34Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.IPositiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust,ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem,inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.56.WelearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingA)onethinksbadorgoodB)onefeelsindangerC)onefacesintheoutsideworldD)onetriestoescapefromreallife57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

35A)Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.B)Babiesarebornwithemotions.C)Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.D)Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.58.Theauthor*spurposeofwritingthispassageisto.A)explainwhypeoplehaveemotionsB)showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotionsC)explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotionsD)defineandclassifypeople'semotions59.WecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamifA)hecannotthinkproperlyB)hecan'tpayattentiontoitC)hecan'tpayattentiontoitD)heisnotfullofenergy60.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains“meansA)stopsB)tiesC)weakensD)flowsgradually

36Passage13Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild--orevenananimal,suchasapigeon-canlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone'spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone'spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface,ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson,"youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendly,warm,andsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.Gordonallports,anAmericanpsychologist,foundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople'sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing,ortyping,hispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypes-peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.

37Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain's(cd)orthehero'srole.Infact,thewords"person"and"personality"comefromtheLatinpersona,meaning"mask."Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys"becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.61.Themainideaofthispassageis.A)howtodistinguishpeople'sfacesB)howtodescribepeople'spersonalityC)howtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutwardD)howtodiffergoodpersonsfrombadpersons62.Theauthorismostprobablya.A)behavioristB)psychologistC)writerD)sociologist63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentpersonalities.B)Peopledifferfromeachinappearance.C)Peoplecanlearntorecognizefaces.D)Peoplecandescribeallthefeaturesofothers.

3864.Thereasonwhyitiseasiertodescribeaperson'spersonalityinwordsthanhisfaceisthat.A)aperson'sfaceismorecomplexthanhispersonalityB)aperson'spersonalityiseasilydistinguishedC)people'spersonalitiesareveryalikeD)manywordsareavailablewhenpeopletrytodescribeone'spersonality65.WelearnfromthepassagethatpeopleclassifyapersonintocertaintypeaccordingtoA)hiswayofactingandthinkingB)hiswayofspeakingandbehavingC)hislearningandbehaviorD)hisphysicalappearanceandhispersonalityPassage14Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing,itmaybeagameofsomekindfootball,hockey(efᳫ)+golf,oftennis,itmaybemountaineering.Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwi

39Hingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,astherereforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.IfwecoMPAremountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota'teamgame'.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no'matehes'between'teams'ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities.Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnounusualforamanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermen,buttheyprobablyclimb

40withmoreskillandlesswasteofeffort,andtheycertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.66.Mountaineeringisasportwhichinvolves.A)hardshipC)physicalriskB)coldD)alloftheabove67.ThemaindifferencebetweenasportandagameliesinA)uniformC)rulesB)activityD)skills68.Mountaineeringisalsoateamsportbecause.A)itinvolvesrulesB)itinvolvesmatchesbetweenteamsC)itrequiresmentalandphysicalqualitiesD)mountaineersdependoneachotherwhileclimbing69.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Mountaineerscompeteagainsteachother.B)Mountaineerscompeteagainstotherteams.C)Mountaineerscompeteagainstnature.

41D)Mountaineerscompeteagainstinternationalstandard.70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A)MountaineeringB)MountainClimbersC)MountaineeringisDifferentfromGolfandFootballD)MountaineeringIsMoreDangerousThanOtherSportsPassage15Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriority(hᐜ)itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto“playsafe".Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

42Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandtechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivation(
)toseekimprovement.71.Teachersaredifferentintheiropinionsabout.A)thenecessityofteachingspellingB)theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopmentC)thewayofteachingspellingD)thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingsks72.Asusedinthesecondparagraph,theexpression“playsafe"mostprobablymeans.A)tospellcorrectlyB)towritesmoothlyC)toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureofD)tousedictionariesfrequently

4373.TeachersencouragethestudentstousedictionariessothatA)studentswbeabletowritemorefreelyB)studentswillbemoreskillfulinwritingC)studentswillbemoreconfidentinwritingD)studentswillbeindependentenough74.Theauthor(stoneis.A)ironicC)satiricalB)practicalD)critical75.Thispassagemainlydiscusses.A)thenecessityofspellingB)theroleofdevelopingwritingsksC)thecomplexitiesofspellingD)therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofwritingPassage16TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecausetea

44wasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.TheythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheIeaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCoMPAnybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheeveningNooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessj᱃ldfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro'clocks

45toppedhergetting"asinkingfeeling"asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.76.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?A)TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.B)TeareachedBritainfromHolland.C)TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.D)Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.77.Thispassagemainlydiscusses.A)thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritainB)howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritainC)howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingteaD)howtea-timewasborn78.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain.A)ineighteenthcenturyB)insixteenthcenturyC)inseventeenthcentury

46D)inthelateseventeenthcentury79.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause.A)ittastedlikemilkB)ittastedmorepleasantC)itbecameapopulardrinkD)MadamedeSevingewassuchaladywithgreatsocialinfluencethatpeopletriedtocopythewayshedranktea80.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof.A)afamousFrenchladyB)theancientChineseC)theuppersocialclassD)peopleinHollandPassage17Amysterious"blackcloud"approachestheearth-ourplanet'sweatherisseverelyaffected.ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishislesthetemperatureclimbedthroughthe

47eighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.ThedeathnumberintheU.S.Remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsmnᙢpasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarsᙢqhewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperatureitistrue,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidityrs.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeopIebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

48BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun'sradiationbackintospace,Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManmanyotheranimals.81.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature.A)stayedateightyB)rangedfromeightytoninetyC)approachedonehundredD)exceededthehundredmark82.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecauseA)thetemperaturewastolerableB)peopleremainedindoorsforweeksC)thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperatureD)peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

4983.MillionsofpeopleinCairo(tu)andtheCapeofGoodHope(vwx)weresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause.A)thetemperaturegrewextremelyhotB)thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreasedC)theirconditionsweretoodangerousD)nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature84.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat.A)humansurvivalwouldbeimpossibleB)moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlivesC)fewerpeoplecouldbesavedD)survivalordeathwasstillundecided85.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto.A)thehotairB)thetropicalclimateC)therainclouds

50D
thedampatmospherePassage18Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe"battleofthesexes".Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman'sroleisregardedaslessimportant-andthathashappenedinsomecases-weareasbadlyofasbefore,onlyinreverse.ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredof“monism"yz{|+-butwedon,twanttoexchangeitfora“neo-popism~᱄z{|஺"Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit-notalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman'splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen'splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathed

51oeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsoIvingitsownproblems.Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.86.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat.A)parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildrenB)menplayinafamilyC)womenplayinafamilyD)equalityplaysinafamily87.Theauthormeanstotellusthat.A)aman'splaceisinthehomeB)awoman'splaceisinthehomeC)awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

52D)amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters88.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedonA)cooperationC)momismB)authoritarianismD)neo-popism89.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?A)Thechildren.C)Theman.B)ThewomanD)Thepsychologist.90.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat.A)malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamilyB)authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamilyC)authoritarianismdoesnogoodtoahealthyfamilyD)womenshouldbeequaltomenPassage19Idon'tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblood.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongnap(ᡭ+4ஹṑ)afterdinner.

53Ifyoudidn'tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheevening,youwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtime.Ifyoudidn'tnapafterdinner,youwouldnotwanttostayupsolate,andyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmeal,engageinsomesortofphysicalactivity---asportsuchasbowling,perhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlier,andyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight'srestwithouttakingapill.Ifyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthisway,Iamsureyouwillfeellesstiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingapill.Ifso,getupandwatchtelevisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslater,getupbutdonottakeasleepingp.Readawhileorlistentotheradio,andmakeyourselfafewhours'sleepthatnight,youwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatnaprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.

5491.Accordingtothewriter,itisdifficultforyoutogotosleepbecause.A)yougetthehabitofstayinguplateB)youhaven'ttakensleepingpillsC)yousleepforhoursafterdinnerD)youfailtodosomeexercises92.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueifyouwanttogetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening?A)Gotobedearlierthanusual.B)Talkwithfriendsafterdinner.C)Staywithfriendsafterdinner.D)Dosomephysicallabor.93.Youfeeltiredalldayprobablybecause.A)youstayuptoolateB)yougetuptooearlyinthemorningC)youtakesleepingpillsD)youwakeuptoofrequentlyatnight94.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

55A)Youmustn*ttakesleepingpsinordertogetagoodnight'ssleep.B)Youshouldstayupifyouwanttosleepeffectively.C)Foodisnecessaryatnightifyoufailtogotosleep.D)Itisveryimportanttogetoutofthehabitoftakinganapafterdinner.95.Wemayinferthattheauthorismostprobablya.A)doctorC)scientistB)reporterD)professorPassage20Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?Manypeopleareafraidtoassert(⊤)themselves.Dr.Alberti,authorofStandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,thinksit'sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwholesetup(ᑴ)isdesignedtomakepeopiedistrustthemselves,“saysAlberti."There'salways'superior'around-aparent,ateacher,aboss-who'knowsbetter,.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychip()awayatyourself-image."

56ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeopleassertthemselves.Theyoffer"assertivenesstraining"courses-ATforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemoreactivewithouthurtingotherpeople.Inoneway,learningtospeakoutistoovercomefear.AgrouptakinganAtcoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButAtusesanevenstrongermotive-theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowthefeels.Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyou,youmayfeellessofaperson.Youstarttodoubtyourowngoodsense.Yougobytheotherperson'sdemand.But,whyshouldyou?ATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudo,youcanlearntospeakout.96.Asusedthefirstline,thephrase“talkback“means.A)persuadesomebodytochangehismindB)answershowingdisagreementC)talkandgobackD)fightbravely

5797.ThepassagemainlydiscussestheproblemthatA)peopleareeasilycheatedwhentheybuysomethingB)peopleareafraidtospeakforthemselvesC)somepeoplethinktoolowofthethemselvesD)somepeopleareafraidofsuperiors98.Wemayinferfromthepassagethattheauthor'sattitudetowardsthewholesetupis.A)positiveB)negativeC)hostileD)appreciative99.Onethingthat“AssertivenessTrainingdoesnotdoisA)helppeopleovercomefearB)showpeopletheyhavearighttobethemselvesC)helppeopletoassertthemselvesevenifotherssufferD)helppeopletofeelgoodaboutthemselves

58100.Abesttitleforthispassageis.A)AssertivenessTrainingB)DevelopmentofSelf-respectC)TheImportanceofSelf-imageD)HowtoFeelGoodAboutYourselfKeyPassage1CBDADPassage2BCDDCPassage3BBACCPassage4CDDACPassage5DCDBBPassage6CCBDBPassage7CDCABPassage8BCCDAPassage9BDCACPassage10CDBCAPassage11CDDCAPassage12ABDBCPassage13CBDDDPassage14DCDCAPassage15BCCDDPassage16.BACDCPassage17CDBDA

59Passage18BDAABPassage19CDCDAPassage20BCBCA