专八历年翻译真题及译稿

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ᦻ)ᑁᱏḄ⚟!ᑮḄ#$%&Ḅᱏ'()*ᩭ,-./0␺2ᜐ஺ᙠ67Ḅ⏀9ஹ;⚶9=>?@ḄAB9஺ᙠCDEᔠGH$IJ᝞LMN$OPQQRS2TᐜVWVXᙢᵨ[%\]^Ḅᱏᕈ⌴abCAc.defḄg⁚஺ᯠj#$klᓾn.ᜧpq⌴〈ᱏ[b!☢t᨜vwxyz▎ᜩ}ᙢ~kᔜ]R஺ᨵ[bᢗB>Q9pqᱏ஺.ᐜ⌴ᱏ᎔ᨵ஺#$Ḅᱏᩎᜧbᓺᑴ¡fᨵ╨£¤¥Ḅ¦ᐝ⁐Ḅᡈª✏ᕡ¥ḄᱏḄ®¯°±²³´$Ḅ®.µᑖ·᦮¹ᱏ}º¡ᜧ»/¼ᢴ.¾Ḅ¿À஺(ÁὃÃᦻ)Inreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebecomemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationletters.ThishastriggeredmyreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownthoserandomreminiscences,Ibelievethattheymightprovidesomeusefulinformationforustolearnfrom.InParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionsprovideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual(formality/etiquette).Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)presenthisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeplyengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhavetheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershisnamecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.TheFrenchtendtotakeextraordinaryprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssimpleyetelegant.Exquisitelydesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldomgolden-framed,orcolorfullyshiny,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Thelettersasappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlyprominent/salient.Theentirecardcontainsmuchemptyspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.

1(
ᦻ)Fourmonthsbeforetheelectionday,fivemengatheredinasmallconferenceroomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthatmarkedtheremainingdaysofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSaturdayinJuneandatteno'clockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspracticallydeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullydrawn.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountryforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategythatwouldguaranteeRonaldReagan'sresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenation'seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceededmorethananypresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica-anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.(ÁὃÃᦻ)ᙠÅ⌱ÇÈÉᨵÊËᨴḄÍᨵÎË$ÏÐᙠÑ᪷ߟÔÕÖ×ḄkËØÙ9ÚÑÛḼÝk¹ắᜧ/ßḄÈᔊÈᔊáᨎᙢ᪗Jä1984åÖæç⌱ᒕ*ḄÈé஺CêᨴëḄᨬíkËîïêḄᓤ10᦮ñòóôḄᐸO×ᑖ¥$öô}஺ᓽø᝞ùC¥Ë$úûᜧüýþØÿᙢ஺⌕ᱥᐸḄᙢᙠ!"#⌕Ḅ$%஺&'Ḅ(᪗*᪀,-./ᶍᩭ234᪷6789⌱ᙠ;<=ᑁ7?ᐭAB஺⌕CD789⌱ᳮFGH᧕J஺K*LMNOPḄ⌨RὁᐷU4᪷ᨵḼᓟYZ[Ḅ\]ὶ_UᐳabḄὶ_cde"Mf஺KLghijkl᝞&'noKpqḄᡠᨵklstu᪵஺w⌱Ḅxyᓝᑖ|}~ᜧᦻḄḆ*q"⌱JḄᐵ᦮pḄNᙠ-⃫ᩩ=¡¢஺£᜜w⌱¥ᡠ¦§Ḅ¨⚗e*ªᐸᦪ஺ᵨ®¯°Ḅw±²³´ᕒ´¶ஹ¸¹º»⌼½ஹ¾ᑴÀÁᵯÃÄÅḄƨÇÇᨵÈ஺ᨬ"#⌕Ḅ*&'ᡠÊËḄij᎛⌱*ÍÎÏЕ4᪷(RonaldReagan),ÓÔ?ÕÕÖ×ØÙÚ᩽ᐹÝÞßᢈáḄ᡻kij஺UãäF•åæç(JohnF.Kennedy)¾ᩭḄ<èÓᔊêijëì4᪷eᡂîᙢïð-ñ--óÄ▎ḄᐵõᩭḄöy-÷ᡂñ#øùsúÔஹûüý¸þÿஹὶᦔḄ஺

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3²ᦻ³Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety'spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.²¯ὃ±ᦻ³Ὦµ¶ᒓ!¸ᶧ᧊»3᩽஺QG!᧊»Ḅ½ᱥ¿${ÀÁÂÃHḄᶖ!◀$ᡃÆÇÈÉ.Ḅ⌱Ëᩗ஺ᡃÆÍ⌱Ë7ζᒓᐸÏÐ᧊»ḄᦻᓄÒÓ,ÔÕÖÐᐹᜓÙHÚÛÔḄHᡠܦ஺QÝ⚪G!ᡃÆᨵ{⌕àáᔩãäH.ᔲæçᱥஹèᡠஹ■êஹᏉìᦟîḄÍᡈðឋ஺QᓽóGᙠôõ5öḄ÷ø!Hùú0ûᩭ!üᓫþGÕ]ᔛஹ
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4rsᦻtᡃ8u⊤vwxyᨴ{A|ᜧ~〈Eᨬ6ᢇyᨌ3E஺ᡃᙠUᐭṑ⊟ᑮ᜜ᕜ¡¢☢¤ᐝ¦¦஺,Ḽ§¨5©ᨵḄª⁐᝞Ḅᜩᯠ¢¯ᡃYE°±°±……5ᑮ§¨³´µ¶·ᯠ^ᒺᒺ¹Eºᙢ¼³E½¾µE¿ÀᜧÁᑮ6-ÃÄÅḄ6ÆÇ⌕É⚪ÊAËÌÍᙠ21)ÎḄÏÐ஺·ᯠἔÒᜧ▮ஹ§¨Ḅ☘ÕÖ×ᙠØḄÙÚÛ᛻AᨵḼᔜÞØḄÖ×ßᔊ¹ᜧÁḄᑁâãffägḼAËᦻᓄåæoçḄᓺéãêᨵḼëᐶAËÌÍḄᐳØᳮY஺ᙠ)Î1µḄïᜧðuᡃ8ḄἔÒñᙠᔣó₫õÏö÷øùÌúûüϵ¶ᐳØýἔÒç6ᜧþḄÿ
ᡂ஺Ḅ⍗ᜧᢧᡊ☘ᑮᔊ஺☘ᵨ"#᪵Ḅ%᝱'(ᐙ*+,Ḅ-./0ᡃ23456Ḅ7⚪஺ᨴ:;<=ᐶ.?@AᡃBᙠDE……GHὃJᦻLOurdelegationcheckedintotheZhongXinHotelbythesideoftheRiyuetaiLake.Itwasalready3o'clockearlythenextmorningbythetimeIsawoffthelastgroupofguests.Foralongtime,Icouldnotfallasleep,eventhoughIwascomfortablylyinginthebed.Puttingonmyclothesagain,Igotoffthebedandwalkedtothewindow.Extendingmyeyesintothedistancethroughthewindow,IwasgreetedbytheviewofthesurroundingmountainsandhillsshroudedinlayeredgreennessandthesilveryflickeringofwavesscuttlingacrossthesurfaceofthePool.Lookingatthesolenaturally-formedpicturesquelakeinTaiwan,Ifeltaninfinitetrainofthoughtspassingthroughmymind.......ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontextsenvironments/milieus
,withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenationThey

5sharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.IntheRiyuetaiLake,thewavesacrossthelakesurfacehavebynowallvanished.Envelopedinuttertranquility,theLakehasjoinedmeindeepthoughts.......

6(Oᦻ)IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent-e.g.inpaintingandmusic-theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan"Englishtradition"afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown-andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.

7GHὃJᦻLᙠQRSTU.ᡃVBᡃWᎷYZḄ[\]ὅḄ_`஺a\ᦻbcᡈefghᑖj◢ᙢmnᐸp\ᦻq.rᓩ℉uvwᱯ஺y2z{|ᵨh}Ḅ~ᩭᐸp\ᦻb..ᐸ⌕vcy2|/᪵஺᜜.a\z{|᩽.⌕#ᕬᕬᙢᜧᾖᐸᦻb.⌕#ḼB᪵=ḄḄ⚔஺¡hᩭ¢.[\£¤ᙠᐸᦻb␺¦Z§¨©ᨵ«j◢¬஺᜜.ᙠy2®¯U°⊤²Ḅ⚞´--¶᝞¸¹Aº».y2§|᩽.=0ᔿᗲy2p\Ḅv¾.¿0ᜧᾖÀ?ÁÂᜧ▮Ḅv¾஺ᨵ}Ä[\¸¹ÅÆmUÇ?@0ᙠÈÉ
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8(¯ᦻ)5ºᜧḄ»¼½1986¾¿¿IÀÁÂoÃÄÅÆḄ¬ÇÈÉÊË஺ÌÍÆÌᐶÆAÏSÌÐÅÆo¬ÇḄ⍝஺ÒÀÁ¾Ó¬ÔÕᨵḼᜩᯠb×ØÌḄ»¼½ᡂ<ÙÈÚÛḄÌÐÅÆÜÝஹᜧÞÝஹ=Ýஹßà"Ýᙳᨵ:âãä¾ᱥåᔢçèᑮ8,000êᔴᐰÆíЫᨵîᑖ3hXð᧕ñòóí஺»¼½(Vancouver)ḄôõA»¼½ö᠗øùúḄ¥ᨔᐸ«ᒹýSþÿḄ
஺ᜧᙢ☢ᜧᓾ3000஺ᔾᦈ᜜ᩭᜧ᜽"Ḅ#஺$%&ᜧ◀(ᓺ*+᜜,-᜜ᩭ.Ḅ/01234஺567ᑣ9:;<=ᢣ$ᦪḄ@ABC஺DE180567Fᨵ-HᙠJᙢKLḄM4NFOᨵ-NPQ஺3257R567ḄSTUVWḼYZឋḄ\ᵨ஺^_ᐸᨵ-Ha5bcᩭᑮ567ᙢeḄf567ᡂhPQ%᜜ᨬᜧḄjFᙢ஺(lὃnᦻ)In1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheusualpracticethatportcitiesresorttofortheirexistenceanddevelopment.Afteracentury'sconstructionanddevelopment,Vancouver,whichboastsofanaturally-formedice-freeharbor,hasbecomeaninternationallycelebratedportcity,operatingregularoceanlinerswithAsia,Oceania,EuropeandLatinAmerica.Itsannualcargo-handlingcapacityreaches80milliontons,withonethirdofthecity'semployedpopulationengagedintradeandtransportationbusiness.ThegloriousachievementsofVancouveristhecrystallization(fruition)ofthewisdom(intelligence)andtheindustryoftheVancouverpeopleasawhole,includingthecontributionsmadebyadiversityofethnicminorities.Canadaisalargecountrywithasmallpopulation.AlthoughitsterritoryisbiggerthanthatofChina,itonlyhasapopulationoflessthan30millionpeople.Consequently,toattractandtoacceptforeignimmigrantshavebecomeanationalpolicylongobservedbyCanada.Itcanbesafelyassertedthat,exceptforIndians,allCanadiancitizensareforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftime

9theyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Atpresent,amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenotnative-bornandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinfacilitatingthetransformationoftheVancouvereconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveronlyoverthepastfiveyears,makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseconcentrate.(rᦻ)Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.

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11n7ᦻpqrs,kᕜuὃwx16<ḕz{|(}Qᐰ~஺ᙠὃwḄIᩭeḄ஺ẆᙢᳮḄᨵWe:☠Ḅᙢ3஺+xḄὃw6ᙶ(ᐰ☠¡¢£¤¥⌶§¨©+xª«ᜧ¬ᯠḄi®Cᢧ⌱⍝²⁎◅Ḅ¢µ¶·6Ḅ¸᪍ὃwxW᜻¢»¼©BB⌱½e¾Ḅ¿ÀÁÂ⁚WÄÅuᔜᙢÇ¢ÈÉÊw=ᣚḄ᜻¼஺nÌὃÍᦻpDuringhislifetime,XuXiaketraveledaroundandconductedsurveysin16provinces.Helefthisfootstepsinvirtuallyeverypartofthecountry.Intheprocessofconductinghissurveysandinvestigations,hewouldneverblindlyembracetheconclusionsrecordedinpreviousdocuments.Instead,hediscoveredthatthedocumentationsmadebyhispredecessorsintheirgeographicalstudieswerenotquitereliableinmanyaspects.Inordertoensurethathisreconnaissancewererealanddetailed,heseldomtraveledbyshiporbywagon.Heclimbedovermountainsandhillsandtraveledlongdistancesalmostentirelyonfoot.Inordertodevelopatruepictureofthenaturalworld,hemadeitapointofundertakinghisexpeditionsinthosemountainareaswhereroadsweredifficulttotravelandinthosewoodsthatweresparselypopulated.Inthiswayhediscoveredmanymarvelousmountainsandbeautifulscenes.Hefrequentlychosedifferenttimesandseasonsoftheyeartomakerepeatedvisitstothefamousmountainsacrossthecountrysothathecouldmakerepeatedobservationsoftheirwonderfulscenerythatkeptchangingallyearround.

12n7ᦻpThethirty-seconddayoutofBombaybeganinauspiciously.Inthemorningaseasmashedoneofthegalleydoors.Wedashedinthroughlotsofsteamandfoundthecookverywetandindignantwiththeship:"She'sgettingworseeveryday.She'stryingtodrownmeinfrontofmyownstove!"Hewasveryangry.Wepacifiedhim,andthecarpenter,thoughwashedawaytwicefromthere,managedtorepairthedoor.Throughthataccidentourdinnerwasnotreadytilllate,butitdidn'tmatterintheendbecauseKnowles,whowenttofetchit,gotknockeddownbyaseaandthedinnerwentovertheside.Theship'scaptain,lookingmorehardandthin-lippedthanever,wouldnotnoticethattheship,askedtodotoomuch,appearedtoloseheartaltogetherforthefirsttimesinceweknewher.nÌὃÍᦻpÎÏÐÑÒḄÓ32ᜩÔÕÖ×ḼÙḄeἝ஺«ᨌÜÝᐜCß,ᡧáẞã஺ᡃåᑈḼççḄèéêxëìíîï×ᙠð[ᩩᜧᱞó஺"õ=ö,ᜩ÷,ᜩeIᵨx஺õ៫C⌕úûüᡃýþᙠ[᮱ᮤ
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13ᦻḄ^ᓝ|ᩭᯠᨵqr⏚ḄuḄ⊈ᯠᨵqr1E%"ᑈ◅Ḅ¡"1ᨵ¢ᱏᨵ₩ᝣᨵ¦§¨©ª⏥¬®¯¨©ᚷ±஺²%^1³ᜧµ¶ᓾ¸ᨵsḄ¹2☢sᨵ»'ஹs½᠗ஹ☩ÀஹÁÂsᦢ-ÄÅ◅ᨵÆÇjkvÈᑴ1ʵ¶jkᡈĄ̊©Í.Î^ÏᔣÁÑ஺ÒὃÔᦻInthecontemporaryperiod,Shanghaiasametropolisinfestedbyforeignadventurershasindeedrecorded,sincetheopeningofitscommercialport,abitter,blood-and-tearhistoryofmanymiseriesandinequalities.ReferredtoastheParadiseofAdventurers,Shanghaiwasindeedhometo"humansludgeandfilth"whereonecouldfindopium,dissolutewomenandgamblers.Itwasaplacethatmadepeopleindulgeinluxuryanddissipationandgiventosensuouspleasures,eveninducingpeopletobecomedegenerate.However,thereisadifferentandmoreimportantpictureofShanghaiasamodernmetropolis.Ithasbeenfullofvitalityandvigor,displayingitsuniqueintelligenceandwisdom,characterizedbyaninnovativeandenterprisingspirit.Ithasthecouragetoassumerisksandisinpossessionofboththeawarenessandthemechanismofcompetition.Suchametropolitanmentalityorstyleinspiresitsresidents,encouragingthemtokeepabreastwiththechangingepochsandtomakeeffortstowardgreaterprogress.