2021年高考真题全国乙卷理综高考真题真题解析

《2021年高考真题全国乙卷理综高考真题真题解析》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

ਭὃᵨ2021᪥ᐰὃᳮᔠ⚗1.!ᔁ#ὃ$%&'(Ḅ*+ஹ-ὃ./0ᑏᙠ!⚪ᓱ5#6&'(Ḅ*+ஹ-ὃ./ஹ78/0ᑏᙠ9ᔁ5.2.;!⌱=⚪>#⌱?@A⚪!ᫀC#ᵨ2BDEF!⚪ᓱ5GH⚪IḄ!ᫀ᪗/KLM᝞◤ᦋQ#ᵨRSTUVC#W⌱KᐸY!ᫀ᪗/#Kᑏᙠ9ᔁ5Zᦔ.3.]!^⌱=⚪>#&!ᫀ_ᑏᙠ!⚪ᓱ5#_ᑏᙠ9ᔁ5Zᦔ.4.ὃ`aC#&9ᔁb!⚪ᓱ6c;.dᵨᑮḄfGghijH1C12N14O16Na23Al27C35.5Fe56ஹ⌱=⚪9⚪ᐳ13lA⚪#@A⚪6ᑖ஺ᐳ78ᑖ#ᙠ@A⚪o?Ḅpl⌱⚗q#rᨵ⚗tuᔠ⚪I⌕wḄ஺1.x∫z{|}ᨵ8ᩩ⁐z஺ᑡᐵx∫z{|ᨵᑖḄ#┯ḄtA.#DNAᶇᑴ#ᡂ16lDNAᑖhB.ᙠ#@ᩩ⁐zᵫ2ᩩ⁐ᓫzᡂ#}2lDNAᑖhC.ᙠq#8ᩩ⁐zḄḼ᣸ᑡᙠ⍝5#᧕¢£⁐zD.ᙠC#ᡂGḄ¤¥⁐zᑖ¦#{|qᨵ16ᩩ⁐zூ!ᫀ௃Dூ©᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃1ஹᨵᑖ«¬1DNAḄᑴbᨵᐵ®iḄᔠᡂM2᪶°ஹ᪶±⌲³©z´ᜫ#?¶·┴zb⁐zM3q⁐z᝱º»ஹᦪI½ᨎ#Ḽ᣸ᑡᙠ⍝5M4CḼᑖ#¿À⁐ᓫzᑖ¦ᡂÁ⁐z#6ᙳᒴᙢÅᔣÇ᩽M5É᪶°ஹ᪶±ÊËஹ·┴zb⁐z´ᜫ஺2ஹ⁐zஹ⁐ᓫzஹDNAÌᓄᱯz{|⁐zÁ2N
1⁐zᦪIÌᓄCÏÐ4N,Ñ>ÒÌ2NM
2᪶DNA}jÌᓄÏÐ2NÓ4N,ÉÔg2NM
3⁐ᓫzᦪIÌᓄ?¶0Ó4N,?¶
4N,C´ᜫ4NÓ0,Õᙠ>ᦪI¤DNA஺ூÖ©௃Aஹ×Øx∫z{|}ᨵ8ᩩ⁐z#@ᩩ⁐z5ᨵ1lDNAᑖh#ᐳ8lDNAᑖh#ᙠ,DNAᶇᑴ#ᡂ16lDNAᑖh#AÚÛMBஹ⁐z×Üᑴ#ᦑᙠ@ᩩ⁐zᵫ2ᩩ⁐ᓫzᡂ#}2lDNAᑖh#BÚÛM

1Cஹᙠq#8ᩩ⁐zḄḼ᣸ᑡᙠ⍝5#Þ>⁐z᝱º»ஹᦪI½ᨎ#᧕¢£⁐z#CÚÛMDஹᨵᑖC#Ḽᑖ#¿À⁐ᓫzᑖ¦#⁐zᦪIÏÐ#ᵫ8ᩩÌᡂ16ᩩ#¤¥⁐zÒᑖß#D┯஺ᦑ⌱D஺2.⌱=ᔠ〉ḄᑺᨵâãᑮäåIḄ஺ᑡᐵᱥäåᡠᵨᑺḄ#┯ḄtA.␺é{|Ḅêë>#ìíî&ïðñòḄQᱥ{|ᡂî⁐B.¢£᪷ô{|ᨵᑖqḄ⁐z#dᵨõö÷øùúᐸḼ⁐C.¢£RNAᙠ{|qᑖûḄäåq#ü⏚ᜐᳮdᦋÌ{|°ḄÿឋD.
ᱥᔾᜫᵨⅅᜐᳮ⁐℗ᱏ᜜⊤ூᫀ௃Aூ#᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃1ஹ'ᐹᨵ⌱+,-ឋ./0123◤⌕Ḅᜧᑖ8ᱥ92:;ᐭᑁ஺2ஹ?⁐9@ABC⌕ᵫEF9DNAGᡂ᧕3Jឋ?ᧇ@LMஹN⏚P1B?ᡂQ⁐RST஺3ஹᙠ“
DNARNAᙠWḄᑖX"Z[W\@1ᵨ9]ᑖᦪ_0.9%ḄNaCII`ᢝbᨵḄc᝱e@2ᵨ9]ᑖᦪ_8%Ḅf⏚ᦋh'Ḅi,ឋjk?⁐ᑺ;ᐭm?⁐AnḄDNAEF9ᑖopq?⁐ᑺrDNAsᔠe@3ᵨuvP-ᵬyz?⁐ᑺ{DNARNA;|?⁐஺4ஹ
ᱥᔾᜫ◤⌕⌱+ᨵ}⁐Ḅᡂ~Ḅᱥ⁐℗ᱏ᜜⊤ᔠᩩ஺ூ#௃AஹḄᱥ'ᐹᨵ⌱+,-ឋ./02:;ᐭᑁᦑ2:mḄᱥ?ᡂ0⁐A┯eBஹLMm?⁐A?ᡂQ⁐ᦑ
᪷ᨵᑖWḄ?⁐AᵨLMᐸḼ⁐,BeCஹ
RNAᙠWᑖXḄZ[Wf⏚ᜐᳮᦋh'Ḅi,ឋjk?⁐ᑺ;ᐭCeDஹ
ᱥᔾᜫᵨḄⅅᜐᳮ⁐℗ᱏ᜜⊤ᐸᜫR9ᑖoD஺ᦑ⌱A஺3.ᱥᙠ¡-¢W◤⌕2£¤¥᛻Wᔾᦈ஺¨ᑡᨵᐵᱥAᑁḄ«¬┯Ḅ@BA.᪷ᔾᦈḄᨵᑭqᱥ`ᢝ¯ᨵ°᝱B.sᔠᱥs᪀Ḅ²⌕GᡂᡂᑖC.Ḅᨵ³´ᔾ-¢2µὑ·:¸D.¹ᵫsᔠº»Ḅᦋh¼½¾Ḅ

2ூᫀ௃cூ#᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ḄÀᙠcÁÂᵨ\1ஹÃ]\ᱥAWḄÃ]ÄÅ_60%~90%,ᱯÇÈɨ:Ê-90%,WÃ]ᨬÌḄᓄᔠᱥ஺2ஹÀᙠcÁ\ᑁḄ¹ᵫrsᔠḄcÁÀᙠ஺3ஹÂᵨ\sᔠs᪀Ḅ²⌕Gᡂᡂᑖ¹ᵫÎÏḄᑺÐÌᓄÑÒÓḄÔ9¹ᵫÕÖrÐÌᓄÑÒÓ¹ᵫ{q×Ø⃩Úᱥ9Ûᱥᐹᨵ²⌕Âᵨ¹ᵫrsᔠº»ÜÜᢙ⌮ឋÜßÒàáᯠ஺ூ#௃AஹᱥḄC⌕ᡂᑖC⌕ÀᙠqãWᐙåḄãᱥ`ᢝæçᦑ᪷ᔾᦈḄᨵᑭqᱥ`ᢝ¯ᨵ°᝱AeBஹsᔠrᑁᐸèᱥ9ésᔠᱥs᪀Ḅ²⌕GᡂᡂᑖBeCஹḄᨵ³´ᔾêë▤íµὑêî▤í¸C┯eDஹ¹ᵫÖrᦑ¹ᵫsᔠº»Ḅᦋh¼½¾Ḅ¹ᵫrsᔠº»ÜÜÒàáᯠD஺ᦑ⌱C஺4.ᙠïðñ⁚-¢Wᐶô¼ᙠïðõön÷øïðᐗàú÷⌴஺¨ᑡᨵᐵ«¬┯Ḅ@BA.ᐶô¤ïðᐗḄA÷øüýþÿ
Na+᜜B.ᐗᐶ⏒C.⏒⌴
ᙠ◣᡽ᦣᑮ"#D.⏒$#%&'ᔠ
#ᵯ*+ᓄூ.ᫀ௃Aூ1᪆௃ᑖ᪆௃1ஹ56Ḅ89:☟<=
>?@ABCḄDEឋᜧ
ABCᜧH᜜
IᡂᑁL᜜MḄ☟<ᵯ*N%ᑮOP#
>?ḄDEឋQ9ᦋ+
@SBCḄDEឋTᜧ
SBCᑁ
IᡂᑁM᜜LḄ6Uᵯ*஺ᐶW*XYᐶW*Iᡂᵯ*Z
89[Wᵯ
ᐶ\]Ḅ^ᔣ$ᑁᵯ^ᔣ`஺2ஹᐶᙠᐗa◤⌕Dd'᪀fg\⌴
ᒹiஹ◣ஹ#
ᐸᐹ&Ḅ\⌴dlm:ᐶnᵯḄIo\]ᑮpqr=
st⌴uᓄvwxy
⌴Uᵨ{#
#89ᵯ*uᵯwxy
|}~ᐶ\⌴ᑮᐗ஺ூ1௃Aஹ>?᜜Na+{>?ᑁ
ᐶ|ᐗḄ>?&\]
Na+ᑁ,A┯N

3Bஹᐗᐶ⌴
᝞⏒
BMNCஹ⏒ᐶឋ⌴
ᙠ◣᡽ᦣᑮ"#
$#Ḅᱯឋ%&'ᔠ
CMNDஹ⏒$#%&'ᔠ
#ᵯ*+ᓄ
ᓽQḄ56
DM஺ᦑ⌱Ao5.ᙠᡠḄᳫᓄ¡¢
£¤ឋḄR¥¦>$§¨©ᩔ«ḄS¥>¬ᔠ#®ᑮs¯&ᑁ
|s¯&ᑁᑖB°±ᨵ¤ឋḄS¥¦>஺³´v᪷¶·¡¢
'ᔠ¸ᨵ9ᱥvº»ᡠḄᑡ½¾
¿ᔠᳮḄuyA.$R¥Á
S¥Ḅ¤ឋÂ$ÃÄÅᨵᐵB.S¥ḄDNAÂÇfᐭR¥>?ᢣ]ÊËḄᔠᡂC.¨©ᩔ«S¥ÌᐸÊËÍÂÎᜫ}DNAÍ¿%ÐÑD.~S¥ḄDNADNA⏘ᜐᳮ#$R¥¬ᔠ
nÔᑮS¥ூ.ᫀ௃Dூ1᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᳫᓄ¡¢ᒹiÕ&ᑁᓄ¡¢XÖ×&᜜ᓄ¡¢
ᐸÕ&ᑁᓄ¡¢ØÙS¥>Úᙠ³ᓄÛC
Â~R¥>ᓄmS¥>
ÜᨵØÙᓄÛCÝÞᱥ
}Ö×&᜜ᓄ¡¢
~ᔜᱥᑖà
ᓫâẆäåæᙠ⍡\Uᵨ
èᵨᑮ±9ᱥ¡¢Ḅéêëᳮ
ᨬíØÙDNA⍡\ᱥ஺ூ1௃Aஹ$R¥Á
S¥ᐹᨵÃÄÅ
S¥ᨵ¤
ᦑ½¾S¥Ḅ¤ឋÂ$ÃÄÅᨵᐵ
AMNBஹS¥ḄDNAfᐭR¥>?#ÌR¥ᐹᨵ±S¥Ḅឋî
ºS¥ḄDNAfᐭR¥>?#ᢣ]ÊËḄᔠᡂ
BMNCஹ¨©ᩔ«ḄS¥¿Ìs˯«ï
ðÙ¨©ᩔ«ḄS¥ḄÊËÍÂÎᜫ
}¨©ᩔ«ḄS¥ḄDNAnÌR¥Q9ᓄ
ºᐸDNAÍ¿%ÐÑ
CMNDஹ~S¥ḄDNADNA⏘ᜐᳮ#
DNA§ñ1msᑖCᱥ
ᦑ$R¥¬ᔠ
¿ÂÔᑮS¥
D┯஺ᦑ⌱D஺6.³óô&õᱥ஻¿´ឋîᵫ஻@âø⍡\ḄùÛúᑴuᩖᔠC⊤¸þឋឋîy஺ÿ
AḄ▬ᙳᩖᔠ஺ᳮᑡ┯ḄA.
AḄ2n!"⊤$Ḅ%&B.஻(ᜧ
A*!"⊤$%&ᦪ,-./023(ᜧ

4C.
A*஻ᙳᩖᔠḄ%&ᦪ45ᔠḄ%&ᦪ67D.8
AḄ*ᩖᔠḄ%&ᦪ9:5ᔠḄ%&ᦪூ<ᫀ௃Bூ?᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃1ஹḄCᵫEᔠFGḄHIJK:L"MN⁐&ḄL7KḄᑖPᡈEᔠR!S᡾Ḅ;ᙠWᦪᑖXḄYZ*"MN⁐&Ḅ7K-.ᑖPḄ"8L"MN⁐&ḄL7KCᵫEᔠ஺2ஹᑖ᪆⚪\]J”7K_`⍡bᓽ“7K⍳fCᵫEᔠFG஺ூg?௃Aஹh7Ki2⊤$ᦑn7KᩖᔠḄ
AḄ2"!"⊤$Ḅ%&AklmBஹ!nnᨵ9ᜧ
Apq1J1n=lJ1J1J1......ᐳ2n%1,ᓽ!"⊤$%&ᦪ,ᙳ67,B┯;Cஹ
A*"ᙳᩖᔠḄ%&ᦪqu5ᔠḄ%&ᦪv1/2,wὅ67CklmDஹy28
AḄ*5ᔠḄ%&ᦪᩖᔠḄ%&ᦪq1-zᦑᩖᔠḄ%&ᦪ9:5ᔠḄ%&ᦪDkl஺ᦑ⌱B,7.ᡃ}~ᙠ2030H2060H*4:ᦋᗐ᛻H⁐ᐵ⌕஺*4ᢣCO?Ḅ᣸4W6஺ᑡ**4ᨬᨵᦔḄA.¢I£X?¤I£¥q¦ᧇB.ᜧ¨©ª«]¦¬¥q®¦ᧇC.¯Y®᯼ᢈ²W᯼¦³´ND.Ẇ¶ᓄᑺ¢CO2¹ºqᵬ⏣ூ<ᫀ௃Dூ?᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூg?௃A.¢I£X?q¤I£½!W¾¿ᓄḄ᣸!ᑮ*4Ḅ,ḄᦑA!Áᔠ⚪\;B.ᜧ¨©ª«]¦¬Âq®¦ᧇÃᜧ¾¿ᓄḄ᣸!Áᔠ*4Ḅ⌕ÄᦑB!Áᔠ⚪\mC.¯Y®᯼ᢈ²W᯼¦³´N!W¾¿ᓄḄ᣸!ᑮ*4Ḅ,ḄᦑC!Áᔠ⚪\;D.Ẇ¶ᓄᑺ¢¾¿ᓄ¹ºqᵬ⏣]ÅW¾¿ᓄḄ᣸ᑮ*4Ḅ,ḄᦑDÁᔠ⚪\;ᦑ⌱D஺8.ᙠHÆÇ«ᵨ᝞ÊËÌᑴᜓÏ&ᔠᳮḄ

5
ᓄÐÑᑺᑴᜓḄÏ&ACa
OH2+NHC1NH34BMnO2+HC1ÒCl2CMn02+KC10302DNaCl+H2soÓÒHC1A.AB.BC.CD.Dூ<ᫀ௃Cூ?᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵫHÆËÌÊ]ᑴᜓÏ&ḄËÌqÔÔÕÖËÌᦈØÏ&ḄËÌqᔣ᣸ÚÏÛÜÏ&ḄÝÞᜧ:ÚÏḄÝÞmூg?௃A.ßÏḄÝÞpÚÏà!ᵨᔣ᣸ÚᦈØᦑA┯mB.¾¿ᓄ┶âÒã⏚ᐳÖᑴᜓåÏqÔæÕÖçy◤⌕⌱ᵨÔæÕÖËÌ!⌱ᵨÔÔÕÖËÌᦑB┯mC.¾¿ᓄ╎4å⏚êᐳÖᑴᜓ¿ÏqÔÔÕÖḄçy⌱ᵨÔÔÕÖËÌ¿ÏḄÝÞᜧ:ÚÏ]⌱ᵨᔣ᣸ÚÏᦈØᦑCklmD.åᓄëâÒì⏚ᐳÖᑴᜓqÔæÕÖçy◤⌕⌱ᵨÔæÕÖËÌ!⌱ᵨÔÔÕÖËÌᦑD┯;ᦑ⌱C஺9.ᑡYZ*ḄᓄÐçy6yḄPíZÓklḄA.ᵨ⏚ëîæᜐᳮðñ*Ḅì⏚┛JCO^~+CaSO=CaCO+SO^43

6B.YõöÕᐭøù⏚*JFe+4H++NO
=Fe3++NOT+2HO2C.⏚ᓄA+4OFT=A1O-+2H2஺D.$ᓄ%&ᐭᓄCu2++S2-=CuSJூ,ᫀ௃Aூ/᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ2/௃A.⏚┛45ᵨ7⏚8ᜐᳮ;<Ḅ⏚┛>ᓄ?@Ḅ7⏚┛5ABCDE?:CO+CaSO4=CaCCh+S0J5ᦑALM
B.OḄPQRST⏚UVWᡂT⏚YPஹ[ᓄ\];5ABCDEV?3Fe+8H++2NO
=3Fe2++2NOt+4HO,ᦑB┯b
2C.⏚RᓄUVWᡂᓄcd]⏚5ABCDEV?A13++3OH=A1(OH)3I,ᦑC┯b;D.ᓄ?iᵯ/k5lᑏABCDEnopq5ABCDEV?Cu2++H2S=CuSI+2H+,ᦑD┯b;,ᫀ⌱A஺,sᑡᨵᐵwᱥkḄyzLMḄ{A.p|W}~UV5op|WᡂUVB.{⏣Ḅᱥ{⏚ḄᱥCOOHC.R?ᑖ᪀D.1molwᱥkR7⏚8UV44gCO?ூ,ᫀ௃Cூ/᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ2/௃A.wᱥkᨵஹஹ775p|W}~UV]ᡂUV5ᦑA┯b
B.ᱥ{᪀5ᑖBE1ᡈnCH2Ḅᨵᱥ5wᱥkḄᑖBE?C10H18O3,R⏣ஹ⏚᪀o5ᦑB┯b

7/-------,——OOCHC.wᱥkḄᑖBE?C10H18O3,/[ீ\——/ḄᑖBE?C10H18O3,ᡠ£¤ὅḄHO-------ᑖBE5᪀Eo5?ᑖ᪀5ᦑCLM
D.wᱥk¦ᨵ[5ImolwᱥkR7⏚8UV5Wᡂ0.5mol¤ᓄ75k?22g,ᦑD┯b
ᦑ⌱C஺11.ᡃ¨≯ª«¬®ᘤ°±1.731kgḄᨴᳫ´µ5¶ᑖ᪆|·ᐸ᪀ᡂRᙢᳫ´µº´µᨵḄ»ᕜ½ᐗ¿WஹXஹYஹZ,ÀBÁᦪÃÄÅᜧ5ᨬ᜜ÉᵯBᦪÊ]?15,XஹYஹZ?ᕜ½Ëᐗ¿5ᙳoRWÍ5sᑡÎLMḄ{A.ÀBÏÐᜧÑÒÁ?W>X>Y>ZB.ᓄᔠᱥXWḄᓄÔ?ABC.YᓫkḄÖᵯឋpiØZᓫkḄD.ZḄᓄᱥḄ;ᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋÙØ7⏚ூ,ᫀ௃Bூ/᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵫ»ᕜ½ᐗ¿WஹXஹYஹZ,ÀBÁᦪÃÄÅᜧ5ᨬ᜜ÉᵯBᦪÊ]?15,XஹYஹZ?ᕜ½Ëᐗ¿5ÛÜWᡠᙠÞÍÛp?ßHIAÍᡈßVIAÍᐗ¿5àáXஹYஹZ?ᕜ½Ëᐗ¿5ᙳoRWÍ5ᦑW[âo{ßIHAÍᐗ¿5ᓽW[â{ßVIAÍᐗ¿5ä[åᔠæÜÛçÜWஹXஹYஹZÃÄ?0ஹMgஹAlஹSi,èé,⚪஺ூ2/௃A.0ÀBᨵëÉ5MgஹAlஹSiᙳᨵìÉÀBÁᦪÃÄÅᜧ5ᦑÀBÏÐᜧÑÒÁ?Mg>AI>Si>0,ᓽX>Y>Z>W,A┯b
B.ᓄᔠᱥXWᓽMgO?ABᓄᔠᱥ5ᐸḄᓄÔ?AB5BLM
C.Yᓫk?ᓫk5íØÖ5ÖᵯឋîÙ5Zᓫk?ấ5?ÏÖ5ÏÖÖᵯឋðØÖ]ñòÊó5ᦑYᓫkḄÖᵯឋpÙØZᓫkḄ5C┯b
D.ZḄᓄᱥḄ;ᓄᱥ?ấ⏚5ấ⏚⏚ឋiØ7⏚5D┯b
ᦑ⌱B஺12.ôõᵯᔆ÷ᵨõ;?øᓾ;5úᙠ᣸;üWᱥḄ▬Ḽ]ÿ
ᓾ᣸ᓾᦔ᳛⚪ᙠ⍝ឋᵯ᩽#᝞%ᡠ'(ᐭ*Ḅᵯ,஺

8K®A.□᩽2345ḄC78ᓄᡂCl?Ḅ=>B.⍝5@Aᡂ8ᓄBᩔ▬ḼᱥḄNaClOC.▢᩽ᡂḄH?>LMNOPQᐰᙢ᣸ᐭᜧUD.□᩽⊤☢YᡂḄMg(OH)2_`a◤⌕*deᳮூhᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃45◀nopᨵᜧrNa+ஹC7ஹMg?+_᪷v⚪wxy@z{Ḅ|ᳮ}ᑭᵨឋᵯ᩽ᵯ4□᩽5ḄC7
ᐜᜫᵯᡂCh,▢᩽H?OᐜᵯᡂH2OH,ᔠ4ᡂᑖLᵯᱥᑖ᪆h஺ூ௃A.᪷vᑖ᪆@z□᩽45ḄC1
ᐜᜫᵯᡂC12,28ᓄ=>AB.Ḅ{ᵯ|ᳮ᪷vᑖ᪆z□᩽ᡂḄCL▢᩽ᡂḄ0H-ᙠ⍝5
2=>ᡂNaClஹNaClOH2O,ᐸ5NaClOᐹᨵ8ᓄឋ@8ᓄBᩔ▬ḼḄᱥBC.H2}᧕ឋUᡠA□᩽ᡂḄH2◤LMNOPQᐰᙢ᣸ᐭᜧUA᣸◀Qᐰ◚¡CD.▢᩽Ḅᵯ᩽=>¢£2HO+2e-=H2T+2OH-,
§45ḄMg?+¨©`aᡠA▢᩽⊤☢
YᡂMg(OH)22_`a◤*deᳮD┯«஺ᦑ⌱D஺13.HA}ᐗ°⏚²³MAḄ⛳5c(M+)¶c(H+)·¸ᓄM+¹2஺º»2¼298KMc2(M+)-c(H+)ÀឋᐵÂ᝞Ã%5ºÀᡠ'஺

9ÃᑡÅÆ┯«}ApH=4Mc(M+)<3.0xl0'molE'B.MAḄÇ`Ç`Kஹp(MA)=5.()xl()*C.pH=7Mc(M+)+c(H+)=c(A-)+c(OH-)D.HAḄᵯÈᦪKq(HA)a2.0x10"ூhᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵫ⚪Ë@zHA}ᐗ°⏚ᐸᵯÈᦪK¢HA)=K(MA)=c(M>cA-),ὶÍÎsp(+K(MA)sn¢@ÀឋÏÐC2(M+)=C(H+)X-+K(MA)஺sp(HA)ூ௃A.ᵫ%@zpH=4,ᓽc(H+)=10xl0-5mol/LMc2(M+)=7.5xl0-8mol2/L2,c(M+)=V7.5xl0-8mol/L^VT5x10“mol/L<3.0x10-4mol/L,AKsp(MA)B.Òc(H+)=0mol/LMc2(M+)=5.0xl0-8,ᔠᑖ᪆@z5.0xl(y8=()x+Ksp(MA)=Ksp(MA),BK,(HA);;C.ÔpHᡠᵨḄ⏚HnX,ᑣᔠᵯ₹×ឤ@zc(M+)+c(H+)=c(A)+c(OH)+nc(Xn)⚪Ù_¢ÚÛÜ▢ÈÝᑖnc(X«),C┯«D.Òc(H+)=20xl(y5mo]/LMc2(M+)=10.0xl(y8moF/L2,ᔠKஹ(MA)=5.0xl(y8BÞᐭÀឋÏÐᨵn

105.0x10s10.0xl0-8=2xl0-4X--+---5---.--0---x---1---0--8,K.(HA)a2.0x10",D;Ka(HA)⌱C஺Îஹ⌱ß⚪£à⚪ᐳ8â⚪ãâ⚪6ᑖᐳ48ᑖ஺ᙠãâ⚪ÙäḄåæ⌱⚗5è15⚪éᨵ⚗êᔠ⚪ë⌕ìè68⚪ᨵí⚗êᔠ⚪ë⌕ì஺ᐰÝ⌱Ḅ6ᑖ⌱î¹ᐰḄ3ᑖᨵ⌱┯Ḅ0ᑖ஺14.᝞%ᐝñòᙢ☢óᨵâôõö÷ḄøôùḄᢱûüýþøñᙽ
ᙽḄᨵ᥅஺ᵨᔣᙽᙠ!ᨵ"஺ᙠᙢ☢%ὃ'()*+,ឋ'./0123ஹ5ᙽ6ᡂḄ'8(.—^0000000^஻஻஻஻஻஻஻஻஻஻஻7777777/777777777777777777///77777TA.<=ឤ?@A=ឤB.<=ឤ?@AC=ឤC.

11o4^M"e(a.e(b.A.FMEpNBFM>FNEpM>EpNC.%FNᔩ”<ூGᫀ௃AூJ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூMJ௃ᵫe/|}☢Ḅ)^EMEpNᦑ⌱A஺16.᝞eᙊ§¨©ᑁᨵᚖ¬☢ᔣ®Ḅᒴ°±{²<+“ஹᵯ₹<+4(4´஺.Ḅµᵯ¶·0ᙊᕜ!ḄM¢¹¬ºMQVmᔣ½ᐭ±{஺¶·½ᐭ±{Ḅ¿ᜧ3+᜜,À1±{¿mᔣÁÂ90஺XV.½ᐭ±{Ḅ¿ᜧ3+ᓃÀ1±{¿mᔣÁÂ60஺CÆÇᑣÈ+(.

12CᨵD.62ூGᫀ௃BூJ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூMJ௃᪷[⚪ÉRʶ·ḄᙊË᝞eᡠ60290°.,-xX/XXX'XXXM\XXOXXN\xXXXXX¡ᙊ§±{¨©Ḅ̺+R,᪷[ÍÎᐵ'ᨵÐgÑḄ̺ÐÒÑḄ̺r=43R2᪷[ÓÔᐻÖ×ᔣËᨵ

13ᓃ=4=G%3ᦑ⌱Bo17.ÙÚÛᶭ/Ýᵨ½ឋ᪶ß"31nyz/½U3PVᵫÌ⊦ã"äåḄi”sn⊦æyzḄ஺"tm²<+çḄ“3sn,èéPᒕëḄ“3sn²<+m,ᐸ——-/e᝞eᡠ஺0e/)Yïᑮ”3snḄÌ⊦ã+(.067.3182.4஻dA.67.3dB.lOl.OdC.115.1dD.124.9dூGᫀ௃CூJ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃m2m\ூMJ௃ᵫe)^0ñᑮñាó⊦æôgÌ᪷[Ì⊦ãḄoõ)^Ì⊦ã+T=182.4d-67.3d=115.Idᦑ⌱C஺18.öÚ÷"øù'/Ë▬ûḄឤüS2ýþôÿḄᢝ1994ᑮ2002S2Ḅ᝞ᡠ஺S2Ḅ1000AU!□ᑮᙢᳫḄ%&1AUḄ'ᙊ)*+,-./0ᙠ2ᜧ4567஺8⚗Ẇ;<=>?@2020BCDᱥᳮᝄ஺HS2ᡠIḄ=ᵨKL⌕Nᜧ4567ḄOKP!□Ḅ45.QRN6745S

14A.4xlO4MB.4X106MC.4X108MD.4xlO'°MூXᫀ௃Bூ[᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ^[௃.Q_`aS2dᡂᒴgᙊᕜᵫ.jS2k67Ḅᕜlm16ᙢᳫḄpqᕜlTo=l,S2k67wᙊᕜḄxrzᙢᳫk!□wᙊᕜḄxRᐵ+ᔆ=1000Rᙢᳫk!□Ḅᔣ-Kᵫ!□ᙢᳫḄOKᵫᔣ-Kp.j2D/2ஹ2G--r=mRa>=mR(-)[?!□Ḅ454ᐔR3MᳮS2k67Ḅᔣ-Kᵫ67ḄᨵOKᵫᔣ-Kp.j„Mm',22ஹ2G-5x—=mrco=mr(——)r2T[?67Ḅ45,.4^r3M=----7*GT2m.?=3.90X106Mᦑ⌱B஺19.☢m45ḄᱥᙠឤK☟¡ᱥ¢£Ḅ¤¥¦§“©-g

15«Ḅᜧ¬%,®©¯°±ᱥ²³´2soḄ¤¥¶·¸K¹g«ᜧ¬gᑣSA.ᙠ®£¥,½ᡠwḄ¾;஻ÁB.ᙠ®£,ÂḄÃ5ᜧ¬¦§1%ÄS2C.ᱥz☢Ḅ᥅ÆÇᦪ¦§1-4s°gD.FḄᜧ¬¦§ᱥᡠI³᥅ÆKᜧ¬Ḅ2ÌூXᫀ௃BCூ[᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ^[௃CD.᜜K¯°ÎᵫÏÐÑÒÓÔ.jF—jumg=maজxᵫg«ÕpᨵVo=24soঝ᜜K¯°¶ᵫÏÐÑÒÓÔ.j஻ing-ma2ঞᵫg«Õpᨵ-Ø=2%(2%)(4)ᵫজঝঞট.?ឤKF:3஻wÞ4so᥅ÆÇᦪT4gs0³᥅ÆKᔆ=img=m--v()4%.jFḄᜧ¬¦§ᱥᡠI³᥅ÆKᜧ¬Ḅ3Ì,ᦑCâãD┯åæ

16A.ᙠ®£¥,᜜Kw¾ᦑA┯å;B.ᵫᙳg«p.j᜜KF=ᵨ©“ᓛIFᙠ®£¥,ḄÃ5ᜧ¬l=Ft\=|mv0ᦑBâã஺ᦑ⌱BC஺20.éêëᵯíîḄᵯ₹5ð45ᑖñ+4஻?Sஹ+%2஻?Sஹ+3q,3õSஹ-q,¹Söᐜ¶QøḄg«ᙶ᪗ûüýxâÿᔣ
ᐭᒴᵯᵯᔣᑡḄ"#$%&'Ḅ()ூ,ᫀ௃ADூ1᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ41௃5ᵯᙠᒴᵯ789:;<=ᵫ89?@$A5ᵯḄᙠᵯBC=

17DEᵯB5ᵯḄFGHḄ&ᑗ=mvᓃKoL=5ᵯḄḄM;NOᵯ------F2D.0~BCᱥᙽᩈQ:;

18ூ41௃A.")c$A஺BᙽᩈQ¡¢ᙠn£BᙽᩈQN¤☟¥ᩈQ¢⌕£BT᦮¨=¤©ᨵ£=")s+gᦑA┯°`BC.")c$AজᙽᩈQ¢⌕´µN¤T᦮¨=¤©᪷·¸¹^gº@ᨵF஻|)s+m2½=)¾+ma22TᩈQ=¤©᪷·¸¹^gº@ᨵ⁐g)À+/W2g=À4>01Æm^m+mKr=—t!——yÊ)bËg)Ì+s%>---------MÐᦑBC&'`D.")c$A072BCᙽᩈQN¤☟¥ᡠTᨵNOḄ:;<ᦑD&'஺ᦑ⌱BCDo\ஹÓ⌱Ô⚪Ö^9
12⚪=Ëὃ⚪ØÙ⚪ὃµiËÚ,஺^13~16⚪=⌱ὃ⚪ὃµ᪷·⌕Û,஺)-Ëὃ⚪Ö22.ÜOÝᑭᵨ")aᡠzàáẆã9Ḅ?@஺äåBæOÝçᵨ⚣éêë᯿Ní¤79Ḅhᳫïð᤬⚣éêØ◞0.05s´õöéᐝÜöð᤬øÆᑮḄ᯿ᱏ᝞")bᡠz)"üᒹþhᳫ¢DE⍝Ḅ
஺Ḅᙠ☢ᑁḄᨵḄᳫᡠᙠ☢ᐸ!"Ḅ#$%5cm஺)*+ᙠ,-./Ḅᳫ
Ḅ01234ᙠ5b᪗8஺

19:;(b)<ᡂ>ᑡ@AB5CDᙳFᶇ2IᨵᦔᦪL51ᳫNOᑮ5bIQASᐸT1ḄUᑖWᜧ%m/s,ᑖWᜧ%___________m/s]52᪷_5bᦪ_`/aᙢcdeT1Ḅᜧ%m/s2»ூhᫀ௃প.L0ফ.2.053.9.7ூs᪆௃

20ூᑖ᪆௃ூus௃51[1]xᳫUᔣzᒴT|NOx}T1%x_0.05%m/s=1.0m/st~0.05ফᔣzᵫNOx}AḄT1`ᵫᙳT1SḄST1/8x5x10-2m/s=2.0m/s0.05x452[3]ᵫᔣḄᵫNO`/ᔙ‘3+%—%-ygߟ47^ᐭᦪ_`/g=9.7m/s223.,-ᑭᵨ5aᡠḄᵯ.WᵯḄᵯO¡E5£1.5V¥ᑁ¦r52C஺ᵯ©⊤W«%IV,ᑁ¦&=380.0CB®¯ᵯ¦&=20.0C]ᵯ¦°R,ᨬᜧ¦¯%999.9Q]S%µᐵ஺ᢥᵯ¸¹ᵯ஺<ᡂ>ᑡ@ABR°sEr图(a\)z51%F»ᵯ©⊤¼ᔠµᐵ¾ᵯ¦°¹ᐭᵯḄᵯ¦¯`¿⌱C5@“5.0”ᡈ“15.0”]52¼ᔠµᐵÄÅÆ⁚ᵯ¦°ÈÉ>¦¯R¥ᵯ©⊤ḄÊËÌᦪU]53᪷_5aᡠᵯᵨRஹR஺ஹRஹஹE¥ᔆ⊤5/"=]54ᑭᵨ.Wᦪ_zR|᝞5bᡠB

21
5ÒÓ5b`/E=V5Fᶇ2Iᦪr=Q5Fᶇ1Iᦪ]56ÔÕ5aḄᵯ©⊤aᡂᳮ×ᵯ⊤/ᑮḄᵯØᵯO¡%£,ᵫ}ÚÛḄÜ2%^^-xlOO%=%oE--------------R஺+Ý/Þ1
Ry+Rorூhᫀ௃প.15.0
2.°'~/?+~F+~বL55ভI஺ম-5ூs᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூus௃5I[1]%âãäᵯ©⊤åæç¹ÒᵯSᵯ©⊤èéᵯ©êëìᵯ⊤íîᵯ©ᜧᑣᵫðὶᵯᑖ©`/U_E-UR\,R஺-R+r&+òᐭᦪ_s/R=7.5஺x}⌱15.
஺஺
3[2]ᵫ¼ᔠóḄôõ®ö`/E=U+"&+4ᓄø`/1_%+&p.11Ry+Ýᔆ——----------KH------1------------YUERREERR

22(5)[3][4]ᵫ☢úû`/+R,11R+R0.1r-----v----=k=-Vl-------r—b——T-------ERR19E--EERv%E19£ᵫ-Rýþÿ
k=0.034VLQ0=0.68VTᐭ
E®1.55V,r»1.0Q(6)[5]᝞ᵯ⊤"ᳮ$ᵯ⊤ᑣᨵ11r1„UEEE&ᑣ()£1=—20%.(/0"11஻=23kxl00%=5%19^24.89ᳫ;<"஻2=0.60kg,8>?ᕒAᐸCDᙢ☢GH"4=L8mᜐᵫ☟MNᵫOPQRGH""=1.2m஺TA9ᳫCDᙢ☢U=1.5mḄGHᵫ☟MPOWᙠYZPOḄ[)ᔣP]ᳫஹᳫOᙢ_QRḄGH`"1.5m஺Ꮇb>?ᕒ]ᳫ)cᳫḄdᵨf"ឤfdᵨ)h"f=0.20skl9ᳫmnoᙢ☢pqr_Ḅ?sḄtuvw஺xfyzHᜧ|}g=10m/s2,vf஺(1)>?ᕒ]ᳫc9ᳫᡠḄk(2)>?ᕒ]ᳫ)c9ᳫḄdᵨfḄᜧ|஺ூᫀ௃(1)=4.5Jk(2)E=9Nூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ௃(1)8n9ᳫPOḄᵫ?sᳮ
Ei=mgh}9ᳫQR_ᔣ>?Ḅᵫ?sᳮ

230-E,=-mgh,nC1.5mḄGH☟MPO[)ᔣP]ᳫᙠ9ᳫQRᓣḄᵫ?sᳮ
0-E=0-mgh44nC1.5mḄGH☟MPO[)ᔣP]ᳫ9ᳫPOᵫ?sᳮ
W+mghy=.9ᳫmnᙢ☢qḄr_?sḄtuvwᑣᨵtᐵE]_%E8ᐭᦪ¢
W=4.5J£2.dᵨf¤ឤfᙠឤfdᵨP9ᳫᔣPᒴyz¦§>?.(ᨵ¨©ª
F+mg=maᙠ]ᳫ)hᑁ>?Ḅ¬"12x=—at~2
"W=Fxὶ¯
F=9N
E=-15N°±²25.᝞³8´µ"aḄᐝ·¸¹☢Ḅ⚔»¼ᨵ;?¦äÙYÞßàá஺åÄÅÆÙYÞßḄæh¾¿᪾Ḅ£çÒèéÚᐭÞßWᙠᒴz>?8êDÙ_YZyz஺ëìÄÅÆo¾¿᪾íhZîïðñéÞßḄÞòóÝHᜧ|B=1T,xfyzHᜧ|}g=lOm/s'sina=0.6஺
1ÄÅÆᙠÞß>?)ᡠôõöfḄᜧ|k£2ÄÅÆḄ;<÷øÄÅÆo¾¿᪾íhḄ?᥅ú.ᦪk

24£3²¾¿᪾ᒴz>?ḄDÙ஺35ூ?■ᩩ௃(1)0.18Nk(2)tn=0.02kg,஻=—k(3)x=—m2818ூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ௃£1²᪷¢⚪
᪾ᙠᨵᐭᒴᵫᳮ
(M+/஻)gS]sina=—(M+஻?)v-.ᐭᦪ01vo=2m/sᙠ7ᑗᒘ:;<=ᵯ?ᵫ@ABᵯ<=C
E=BLv0ᵫDᔠFGḄIJC
//RᑣLᐭMᑮḄOPQRS=5஻,=0.18N[2\ᐭ]^_R`aMᑮOPQḄbᵨ᪷0efC
gḄOPQhi☢ᔣlm^no᪾ᔣl_pMᑮ᪾qḄhi☢ᔣrḄs᥅uQ_ᒴ
ᨵmgsina+/jmgcosa=F.^p᪾ᔣrᒴ᪷0yzB{C
Mgsina-junigcosa=Ma|}~ḄRx,ᑣᙠ7ḄaRx%ᑣp᪾ḄR

25ᓃ=%+atᑣ᪾Ḅ12_p᪾ḄnoR12A=x,-x=—at12ᵫ⚪᪾ḄlELᐭ᪾ᑣᨵᐵ5-Ax=X0᪾ᐭᒴpḄᵯ?Rg=ಗ4=᪾MᑮᔣlḄOPQs᥅uQ_p
Mgsina=஻gcosa+BIL]ὶ]l
3x=0.3m,a=5m/s2m=0.02kg,//=-o(3)]^᪾Ḅ_pMᑮᔣrḄ᥅uQᑣᨵmgsina+pmgcosa=◍ᔣr᪾ᒴᐳ᪾ᒴᑣᨵ᪾ᒴḄR஽=τ.ᐭᦪ012.55Xஹ=——m=—m91826.⌱^Ḅ¡᮱£¤⌕ᡂᑖᨵTiO?ஹSiO,AI2O3ஹMgOஹCaO]©ª«ḄFe2O,஺R⁚®2ᐙᑖᑭᵨ±²³´᝞r¶·¸¹Fᦈ¡ஹ»ஹ╅½஺

26¾!³§Á»ÃÄI],τÅ~~4^1ÆÇQ⊈ÉÊËÌᓄÎÏ1ÐÑÒ⌚⁂ᰦÖজT.ÙߟqÚfᔩÜpT^Þrß1~Ỿ~rá⶷ᩩärᨵᐵåæçèçèéᐰḄpHír⊤åFe3+Al3+Mg2+Ca2+æçèḄpH2.23.59.512.4çèéᐰ(c=l.0x1Ofi.-')ḄpH3.24.711.113.8moLFùrᑡû⚪üপ“ᯏ”TiO?ஹSRA1OஹMgOஹCaOஹFeQᓄḄ"⏚$ᑏ&A1O2323ᓄNH4Al(SO4ᐭḄᓄ-./0஺(2)“45''7"9:”ḄpH<2.0,ᙠ“ᑖBCD''EᵨG4⌲BI⁚pHK11.6,MN᪆&ḄPQRSTব“V:জ"Mg?+YZmol-E'஺(4)“45`”ᙠ160࠷“⏚b”ᨬ〉ᔠḄ⏚T஺“⏚b`”ḄᡂᑖTஹ஺(5)“⏚b''7hb:〉ijklmnTiO2+4o᪆&TiO-xH?஺CDqḄRS./0T•2(6)h“V:জ”s“V:ঝ”uᔠᔾᦈxyzᜐᳮ},~ᑭᵨ஺,ஹᯏ.ூᫀ௃(1).A1O+4(MH)SO2NHAl(SO)+6NHT+3HOT(2).2342444232Fe3\ATஹMg2+(3).1.0x10^(4)."⏚(5).SiO(6).CaSO(7).24TiO2++(x+l)HO=TiOXHO+2H+(8).(NH)SO222424

27ூo᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᵫ⚪/᮱`"⏚╆uᔠ7ᯏEᓄsᓄấᓄஹᓄ╅ஹᓄ┛ஹᓄᓄḄ"⏚$xyGyhᯏ7ᱥmᐭn445ᓄஹᓄấb¡4¢bḄ"⏚┛£ᑖb¡4"⏚ஹ"⏚╅s"⏚¤b¡4¥9}ᑮ§ᨵᓄஹᓄấஹ"⏚┛Ḅ45`s§ᨵ"⏚ஹ"⏚╅ஹ"⏚©s"⏚┛Ḅ9:ᔣpH<2.0Ḅ9:mᐭG4K11.6,b:RSஹRSs╅RSMNCD¥9}ᑮ§ᨵ"⏚╆ஹ"⏚┛ḄV:জs«ᓄᱥCDᔣ45`mᐭY"⏚mnᑮ160࠷⏚bᓄấs"⏚┛Y"⏚ᓄj"⏚}ᑮTiOSCU,¥9}ᑮ§ᨵᓄấஹ"⏚┛Ḅ⏚b`sTiOSO4b:hTiOSCUb:mᐭn4jkl〉imnTiOSCU®ᐰ4oᡂTiCh•XH2OCDs"⏚¥9}ᑮ§ᨵ"⏚ḄV:ঝsTiCh-xH0»2ூ²o௃(1)ᓄᓄ"⏚©Ḅᓄஹ"⏚╆ᙠ³ᩩµ¶ᡂ"⏚╆ஹGys4Ḅᓄ-./04Ch+4(NH4)2SO4ᯏNH4Al(SOM+4NH3t+3H2஺,ᦑᫀ¹AbCh+4(NH4)2SO4ᯏNH4Al(SO4)2+4NH3t+3HO2(2)ᵫ⚪»¼CDs®ᐰCDḄpHhpH<2.0Ḅ9:mᐭG4I⁚b:pH11.6ERS✌ᐜCDஹᯠ7TRSஹ╅RS┛RSÀᨵCDᦑᫀ¹Fe3+ஹAl3\Mg2+(3)ᵫ╅RS®ᐰCDEb:pH11.1«ᓄ╅ḄbZÁIX10Ã5x(IX10-29)2=1x10Å1஺ÆilxÇ஺.b:pH11.6Eb:╅RSḄYZ-----=lX10~6mol/L,ᦑᫀ¹1X107(1X1()24)2(4)Ëᜧb:"⏚᪷RSYZᨵᑭ¡¢bḄ"⏚┛ᓄCD΢bḄ"⏚┛®ᐰCDÏÐTiOSO4b:§ᨵ"⏚┛ḄÑmᐭY"⏚mnᑮ160࠷⏚bᵫᑖ᪆ᓄấs"⏚┛Y"⏚ᑣ⏚b`ḄÓ⌕ᡂᑖᓄấs"⏚┛ᦑᫀ¹"⏚SiChஹCaSO4(5)⏚b7hTiOSCUb:mᐭn4jkl〉imnÕTiOSCU®ᐰ4oᡂTiO-xHOCDs"⏚22ḄRS./0TiO2++(x+l)H2OATiCh•XH2O+2H+,ᦑᫀ:TiO2++(x+l)Hq2TiC>2-xHO+2H+2(6)ᵫᑖ᪆xyGyV:জ"⏚╄ஹV:ঝ"⏚hV:জsV:ঝuᔠ7ᔾᦈGy}ᑮ"⏚╄b:Ú~ᵨᦑᫀ¹(NH)SO424O27.ᓄÛÜÝᐹᨵßàḄáâã᪀ᙠÕåஹᩞᧇè⚞êᨵḼì⌕Ḅᵨíîï¥ᓄᒑRÛÜᑴᜓᓄÛÜÝḄÅó.ô᝞¶(ö᝞÷ᡠù)¹

28I.hYHzS஺’ஹNaNOஹஹÛÜüýᙠcuᔠö¡ÿ
ᒓᤅᑖᢇ᠒ᐭKMnO,஺H.
35Cᤅ1$%᠒&'()Ḅ+,஺ᓣ.98C12ᢝ1$%஺III.6ᜧ89☟;<ᓾ>.஺ᐭᜧ)+,?@&H2஺BCDEᵫG⁐IJKL⁐஺IV.NOᑖNPQ⏚STUV஺V.+,STUV஺VI.

29ÛÜ<ÚaÝᵨJÞs<Úᦔà¹<ᓾ⌕âduaᦑbᫀJfᑖEªᧅ½¬⚠8;d½(2)°±J²°±J»ᑴ°±æ᳛èé°±êᒓ◤ᑖᢇ᠒ᐭKMnCh1~ᵨ
ᦑbᫀJf°±²~°±³½(3)
ì
íîᵫêḄîïð$
»ᑴ.´¹ᮣòìóôõö÷°±.´µ¶Ḅ·¸ᦑᵨ
?ᵨ
ᦑbᫀJf°±.´µ¶Ḅ·¸
¹᧕».½(4)ᵫ&H2O2@øÊḄùú×ᐭḄûḄs◀ý)ḄKMnO4,ᑣ°±ḄNJf2MnO½+5HO+6H+=2Mn2++5Ot+8H2O,ᦑᫀ2MnO+5H2(D2+6H+=2Mn2++5O2f+8H2O222(5)ᑨᔲᡂ"#$%&'()ᔲ*ᙠS0.ᩭᑨ"&'012ᨬ456)"78BaCb=)">?ᨵABCDᡂ"ᦑᫀ2EF()"78BaCb,?ᨵG⁐ABIᡂ(6)JKIVᵨOP⏚AB"JKV%FḄP⏚"H+SCrᵯVW⊝"()YZឋ\"#]cr_"ᦑᫀH+Sci5ᵯVW⊝"()YZឋ\"#]cr_஺28.5cᓄỚ(IC1)5gᓴijᓄᱥ"ᐹᨵmnᓄឋ"#SopqYrs"t#ᵨuᨵvᔠᡂḄỚᓄᑺ஺yzᑡ|⚪(1)ᔊ.Ớᑮ5g⁐)"ᵫឋ"Liebig]IC1,┯%5gᐗiḄ"ᐗi_______.(2)c⏚(BaPtCh)8\¡ᑖᑖ£BaC%ஹPt¦Cl?,3768c\W⊝«ᦪuLOxUpa?,ᙠ5±²ᴻ´µ8ᐭ%FBaPtCl<,,¸¹º4"$%5»¼$ᐭỚ½¾(ᯠ4À»¼ÁÂ)"ᙠ376.8C,Ớ½¾ÃÄÅm20.0kPa஺3768cW⊝\"'´µÅm32.5kPa,ᑣp©=kPa,rs2ICl(g)=Cl(g)+I(g)ḄW⊝«ᦪK=(ᑡ(ÊËÌᓽ#)஺22(3)McMorris'ЦÊËᙠ136~180࠷ÔᑁzᑡrsḄW⊝«ᦪ஺2NO(g)+2ICl(g)=2NOCl(g)+I(g)K2pI2N0Cl(g)W2NO(g)+Cl(g)K2p2ᑮIgKpØÙ¦lgKp2~4ᙳÜឋᐵÞ"᝞zàᡠâ

308a11a£asic8J“4»-.*«a—3MMTAJa**2SM2.ã—3ga1-•VSUIDSTE9B1ån£"Xgxsgè+SJ«WK»«Kg««*»«WlgBXaWWflies®—RI“M21Mv4P>«-r«&w«?««íÙ6,Y-—AS«1tn1wow««*<»,**♦3*'MM”8839ḄY9BiiD6Qyc»37.—<^>e78RK>/3ï333,,»>333~37^0S4JI3M<Ù<(⃩M-J9MM^Z10<_»a61Ti!£-R8««*XM>*>M»fK=ᶔ3ò**«»<8,238Mõ80“*÷K^OMBX8->•>"*ø»OR**8O«2Uaait4rr3„iIXH5ZR2HùᵯW51e<7V»U.At-i7WJj37yJJfI*a%2Zû71?"a-4291iiXVt304R8gRgüwMMPOKýᝯRXaEMZREÿ"41”1AX3C4SXD-r8Afl*e»ei>naeneiesjLb&9gtaqea=—ᑏB=e3tdugKI!VI?■71/ᝯ஺Ḅ"*2“"ᦈ”y3r4»“Z7-.194'aK—~I—z2^^1myy1Ta—J7j"z778Mg—ZRg+MTQ7-a31I»Xr*ড!"ᱥ$‘M»42J5"X40'245",wজᵫ)*+!N0C1ᑖ-.NO/C1?01ḄAH0
2“ᜧ5”ᡈ“75”8ঝ0121cl
g=3
g+L:g8ḄK=:ᵨKஹJ2⊤?8@A01ḄAH0
2“ᜧ5”ᡈ“7pl5"8!ᑏBCᳮEF஺
4KistiakowskyGẆIJNOC1ᐝᓄMᑖ-01!ᙠOP⚣᳛
vᐝḄ᯿TUVᳮ.@NOCl+hv——>NOC1*NOC1+NOCK——>2NO+Cl2ᐸXhv⊤?OYᐝZ[\!NOC1*⊤?NOC1Ḅ]^᝱஺*+!ᑖ-ImolḄNOC1◤⌕ᔾᦈmolᐝZ஺100x7.6xl03ூdᫀ௃(1).g(ᡈBr)(2).24.8(3).--------------(4).ᜧ5(5).Kp2(6).ᜧ(24.8xl03)25(7).iT>Tᓽk"(l'ᵫ)*+lgK(T')-lgK(T)>|lgK(T1)-IgK(T)nIgK(T)-lgK(T)op2p2plplpIpl1g[K(T')-K(T')]>1g[K(T)-K(T)],ᓽk(T)>k(T),pqA01r01.ᔾs01!ᓽAHᜧ5p2plp2pl0(8).0.5ூ-᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூu-௃:1vw⁐yz!C{.|ᓫ~!pq┯E^Ḅᐗ:ᡈBr

31(2)ᵫ⚪376.8CᴻX^Y01@BaPtCl(s)BaCl(s)+Pt(s)+2Cl,(g),62CL(g)+L(g)B2ICl(g)஺BaPtCLমUBa02(s)+Pt(s)+2C12(g)Ḅ£⊝¥ᦪKp=l.()xl()4pa2,ᑣ£⊝P2(C12>l.OxlO4Pa2)£⊝p(CL)=100Pa,iᑮ¯£⊝L(g)Ḅᑖ°±7pkPa,ᑣCl(g)+I(g)021cl(g)22³´/(kPa)20.00ᓝ¶7nஹ°,376.8C£⊝!{¸X°¹.32.5kPa,ᑣ0.1+20.0+p=32.5,»ᓄ/(kPa)p2p£⊝/(kPa)0.120.0-p2p-¸p=12.4,ᑣ£⊝p©=2pkPa=2xl2.4kPa=24.8kPaᑣ£⊝!L(g)Ḅᑖ°.(20.0-p)kPa=7.6kPa=7.6x103Pa,p=24.8kPa=24.8xl03Pa,p(Cl)=0.1kPa=100Pa,pq01ici22ICl(g)=C"g)+I(g)Ḅ£⊝¥ᦪ2(24.8x10)(3)জÀᔠ)*+!ÂÃÄÅ!(Ä7!IgKp?Äᜧ!ᓽKp?Äᜧ!ÇÈᓣÅÂã⊝2NOCl(g)B2NO(g)+CL(g)rᔣËÌ!ᑣNOC1ᑖ-.NO/C101Ḅᜧ50ঝ1.2NO(g)+2ICl(g)B2NOCl(g)+I(g)K2plII.2NOCl(g)=2NO(g)+Cl(g)K2p21+11¸20Í)=஺2e)+12(8)!ᑣ21஺9)=஺2஺+12(8ᵨᳫ=&/&2A01ḄAHᜧ50CᳮEF᝞U@iT'ுT!ᓽᵫ)*+@TT▣(T)-lgK(T)>|lgK(T')-lgK(T)|=lgK(T)-lgK(T)ᑣ@p2plpIpIpl1g[K(T)-K(T)]>1g[K(T)-K(T)],ᓽk(T)>k(T),pqA01r01.ᔾs01!ᓽAHᜧ5p2plp2pl0(4)I.NOC1+hv——>NOCPII.NOC1+NOC1*——>2NO+Cl2I+II¸Ø01.2NOCl+hv=2NO+Cl,pq2moiNOC1ᑖ-◤⌕ᔾᦈImolᐝZ[\!ᑣᑖ-1molḄNOC12◤⌕ᔾᦈ0.5molᐝZ஺29.ÞᙠßàᙢâḄOãäᱥ:᝞äᱥᵬ8ᐹᨵᱯéḄCO2êPëì஺íîäᱥïðñòᡭ³ᔾᦈCO2,ᔾᦈḄCO2ôEᡂö÷⏚ùúᙠyûX@üᜩñòᐵÿ
Ḅ⏚ῃḄCO2ᵨᐝ

32ᔠᵨ஺ᑡ⚪1"#ᜩ%ᾙ'()*ATPḄ.ᡠᨵ஺ᐝᔠᵨᡠ◤ḄCO2ᩭ3⏚ῃ4ḄCOo22"67#ᜩᐵ9ஹ;<ᡭ>?@ABᱥ〉EFGH᛻ḄJKLM@KLMNO■Q______________,TOUV____________WXYZ஺3"\]pH`abᢣ᪗efghiᩭiVBᱥᵬᙠFGH᛻ᙠ@KᱯmḄCO2noLM஺p⌕ᑏshitu4⚜wx"ூᫀ௃1".'(}~}ஹ~}4ᑁ"ஹ%Aↈ2".'(ᔾᡈᔾᵨ"3".ᵨᑖᦣᜫ4".ᐝᔠᵨ5".hitu*᝱ḄBᱥᵬ\Fᙳᑖ`AஹB¢£¤A£ᙠ¥¦〉§Ḅ"WXH᛻¨©B£ᙠFGH᛻¨©ᐸ«ᩩ®〉§J¯°±²ᑖ³ab¢£B´;J°±
ḄpH,µ¶·ᙳ¸஺⚜wxA£pH·ᙳ¸¹B£஺ூº᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃¼⚪½Bᱥᵬ*¾ᙠFGᙢÀ`ÁÂᵨÃÄᑖḄᦣᜫ67#ᜩᐵ9ஹ;<ᡭ>஺#ᜩ67ᐵ9°
Ḅ⏚ῃḄC02ᵨᐝᔠᵨᐝᔠᵨ*ᡂḄÇ64ᨵᱥᵨ'(ᔾ#ᜩO)*ATPḄ.ᡠᨵ'(}~}ஹ4%¤È;<Éᯠ67ᡭ>ËᵫÍᐝ᯿%ᾙ'(ÏOYZᔾᵨO)*ATPḄ.ᡠᨵ'(}~}4஺ூк௃1"#ᜩᨵᐝ᯿%ᾙ'(Oᑭᵨ
Ḅ⏚ῃḄC02YZᐝᔠᵨÒOᑭᵨᐝᔠᵨ)*ḄÇ64ᨵᱥYZᨵÇᔾᐝᔠᵨᐝÓE▤¯OÕᐝOÖᓄ`ᓄØOᙠATPᨵÇᔾÙ▤¯ÚO)*OÛᔠᡂATP,ÜÝ%ᾙ'(O)*ATPḄ.ᡠᨵ'(}~}ஹ~}4ᑁ"ஹ%Aↈ஺ᐝᔠᵨ`ᨵÇᔾÞßᨵᱥ4Ç6Óà'(ᔾᔾᵨ")*ḄáÇᓄâÒOᵨᐝᔠᵨᨩÓEᦑᐝᔠᵨᡠ◤ḄC02ᩭ3⏚ῃ4'(ᔾᡈᔾᵨ"ḄC02஺2"ᵫH᛻FGBᱥᔾᦈḄᑖæÄ`çèᢝḄ·⊝〉E@JH᛻67#ᜩᐵ9O■Q#ᜩÜë¦æ¹ᵨæBᱥᑖᦣᜫ;<67ᡭ>ᔾᦈáÇᓄâno]UVᐝᔠᵨì*í¾îḄWXYZ஺3"ïhiðñÛ?BᱥᵬᡠᜐḄ*H᛻?ᔲFGᵫ´±67ᡭ>ᔾᦈáÇᓄâ*ᡂ⏚ᙠ

pHÁÂᦑôab
ḄpHiVBᱥᵬᙠïᱯmLMᓽÜñÛabᢣ᪗?
ḄpH¸஺hitu*᝱ḄBᱥᵬ\Fᙳᑖ`AஹB¢£¤A£ᙠ¥¦〉§Ḅ"WXH᛻¨©B£ᙠFGH᛻¨©ᐸ«ᩩ®〉§J¯°±²ᑖ³ab¢£B´;J°±
ḄpH,µ¶·ᙳ¸஺

33⚜wxA£pH·ᙳ¸¹B£஺ூö÷௃ºø⚪Ḅᐵù?úûhiᩞᧇ⌱Ḅÿᑣ
ḄᐵḄᜐᳮᑣ஺30.ᙠᯠ
Ḅ!"஺#$%ᑡ'⚪)1᣸+ᳮᢣᙠ-.Ḅ/᛻
1ᡈ13456▲ᑴḄ
9ᐹᨵ<=56ᑭᵨ@ḄᱥBCDEFᐳHᙠI஺JKLM᣸+ᳮ
N=O⌱ᵨQR᪶₝UVᜧ₝UVJᩞᧇZ[\L,⌱^_ᱥᡠ⍳bḄᑣ஺c\L◤⌕f1B₝UVgᙠ56ij”ᨵ▲Ḅ”ᡈ“▲Ḅ"n/᛻oᔠqr஺s\Lt!ḄuvwᓽyM\᣸+ᳮ஺2Ẇ{|!
=}᪛3ḄBJᱥḄ1BᩭHᙠᐵ
ZᓄᑖᜧRC=ḄBDEFᐳH஺Ḅᑖ᪆
1B◀KḄBᜧRC=ᐳH
yḄi$t1ᓽynC=ᐳH஺3᪷3\LẆ{
ᐵᱥBḄuvytḄu஺ூ$ᫀ௃1.£᝱¥ឋ3§¨©iᡈᐹᨵ<=Ḅ56ᑭᵨ@n2.ᨵ▲Ḅ3.iQR᪶₝UVnHª
«iᜧ₝UVn¬4,®¯ஹw±iᔠᳮᓽyn5.ᨵ<=56ᑭᵨ@ḄᱥB᣸+
ᨵC=56ᑭᵨ@ḄᱥBᐳHூ²᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᢣ1Bᡈ1B3ᱥ<³´56µ±஺Ḅuv⊤!J<³ᢓᑴ
ᨵw⊤!Jᓰ¹º
«ᜐ»º¼½¬஺ூ¾²௃1JKLM᣸+ᳮ
N=O⌱ᵨQR᪶₝UVᜧ₝UVJᩞᧇZ[\L
⌱^_ᱥᡠ⍳bḄᑣ£᝱¥ឋ3§¨©
ᡈ<=Ḅ56ᑭᵨ@஺᣸+ᳮᢣᙠ-.Ḅ/᛻
1ᡈ13456▲ᑴḄ
9ᐹᨵ<=56ᑭᵨ@ḄᱥBCDEFᐳHᙠI
¿
c\L◤⌕f1B₝UVgᙠ56ᨵ▲Ḅ/᛻oᔠqr஺s\Lt!iQR᪶₝UVnHª
«iᜧ₝UVn¬ḄuvwᓽyM\᣸+ᳮ஺2Ẇ{|!
=}᪛3ḄBJᱥḄ1BᩭHᙠᐵ
ZᓄᑖᜧRC=ḄBDEFᐳH஺Ḅᑖ᪆
1B◀KḄBᜧRC=ᐳH
yḄ®¯ஹw±iᔠᳮᓽynC=ᐳH஺3᪷3\LẆ{
ᐵᱥBḄuvytḄuᨵ<=56ᑭᵨ@ḄᱥB᣸+,ᨵC=56ᑭᵨ@ḄᱥBᐳH஺ூÀ௃²$Á⚪ḄᐵÂÃÄBᭆÆ
ÇÈḄ1BC=uv
᣸+ᐳHḄÉ஺31.ÊË_ᱥÌÍÎḄÏÐÑÒᐸÔª_ᡠÕ◤Ḅ஺Ö×᯿⊤ᑁÚ
ÛÜÌÍḄÏÐÑÒÝᡂ%⊤
ß!àá☰ᘤäiᡈ☰ÌÍnåæÎḄçæᐵ஺

34ᑁᑖèéᡈàáàáêë☰ᘤäᡈ☰ÌÍ☰ᘤäᡈ☰ÌÍḄåæᑁᑖèÌÍì3éì3éá(4)__________ò᳛ôõi3n____ö÷BÌÍ(1)________úÌÍûZúüḄᔠᡂêëᚖß(2)________ᵬ
(5)______________ூᫀ௃প.2.ᵬ
3.ভ.ম.ᵬ
ᑖ"ᵬ
ூ#᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃%⁚ᱯ()1ஹ,-./ᦔ)ᙠ⊈34-5678ᓾ:;<=℉<ᳮᦔ@7ABᵫDḄFᵨH⌲JKᜧḄMN஺2ஹPQRS)ᑁᑖ"
UᨵWX7ᡠZ᡽ᦣᑮ37ᵫ⊈ᩭRS஺3ஹFᵨD☰ᘤaஹ☰)ḄFᵨᐹᨵᱯcឋ7eᨵ⌱gឋᙢFᵨD☰ᘤaஹ☰
ᡈ☰7jk☰lmnoFᵨpqHrs7tuᑁ◤⌕xxyzḄ;<7Z{ᢝ4-Ḅ}᝱⊝஺ஹ4-᩽,7yᡂM᪀7y:-7oᑮ%⁚

35ூᫀ௃প.(2).3)1)3)1(3).᜛16ூ#᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ᑖ᪆⚪·¤¥)N∫Ḅᮞ¿ÀB=ឋឋ7ᵫXÂ⁐Ḅ1¿°ÄÅtA/aËᑴ7¤¥ÚN∫ÅtûÜXAXAᮞஹXAXaᮞஹX*À7ÛN∫ÅtûÜXAYᮞஹXaYÀÍÎÏ¿ÐÏB=ឋឋ7ᵫÑÂ⁐Ḅ1¿°ÄÅtB/bËᑴ7¤¥±@ÅtûÜBBÎÏஹBbÎÏஹbbÐÏ஺ூ#௃1ï¬ᮞØᔠÙÚN∫ḄÅtûÜXAXA,ÀÛN∫ÅtûÜX77üὅᩖä7Ùj§Åtû.⊤÷ûÜXAXaᮞÚN∫ஹXAYᮞÛN∫7þ⌕åæÀÚN∫X'Xa,ᑣ◤⌕ÿ
Ḅ∫ᩖ⍡᝞

36F2
∫ᓽ᪗∫⌱ᓽ!஺(2)&'()*+),-ឋឋ/012345⁐7,9ᵨ+)∫(X'Xabb)ᮞ()∫(XAYBB)CDᩖEᑮF”BḄ01JXAX'BbஹXYBb,RMNEF2,ᑖ᪆Q*01Ḅ⍡!'F2()+)=(lBB+2Bb):(Ibb)=31,ᮞ=(9Z*2+/]^)(lXaXa+lXaY)=11,ᦑᮞ()ᮞ+)()+)=(1/2X3/4)(1/2X1/4):(172x3/4):(1/2X1/4)=3131,F2ᮞ()∫(XAXaB.)deḄᭆ᳛1/4X3/4=3/16,ூjk௃D⚪ὃo01pᵫrᔠtuvwxឋ⍡yuḄᵨḄᐵ'{|ᙠὃoὃ~ᵨᡠ'{▭⚪Ḅ⚪ᐵᙠ3ᑭᵨᑖtupᵫrᔠtuᭆ᳛⚪஺(-)⌱ὃ⚪ᐳ45ᑖ஺ὃ~2⍝ᱥᳮ⚪ஹ2⍝ᓄ⚪ஹ2⍝~ᱥ⚪Q⌱⚪C஺᝞,ᑣQᢥᡠḄ⚪ᑖ஺[ᱥᳮ⌱3-3]33.(1)᝞tḄᳮ¡/᝱a"%%4)¥¦§¨a஺ஹbeஹv©ª«ᑮ/᝱*3d?ஹbeஹv®§¨ᑡ°±²³Ḅ,()

37Gp/p21a'•012V/VGA.஺஺§¨¡´µᔾ¦B,v§¨¡´µ·¦C.v§¨¡*᜜¹ºD.8C§¨¡Ḅ»¼ᐜ¾¿©ᓣÁE."C§¨¡Ḅ»¼ᐜᓣÁ©¾¿ூᫀ௃ABEூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூÃ௃A.ᵫᳮ¡Ḅ஻-V!'ᳮ¡¥ᔊǧ¨ÈÉÊᑣW=0,ÇËÌÍᜧᵫ=!'ᳮ¡Ḅ»¼ᓣÁᑣᑁÍᜧᵫAU=Q+W!'¡Ðᔾ¦ᦑA²³;BC.ᳮ¡¥ᔊs§¨ÓËËÔᑣ᜜¹*¡ºÕ0,ᵫ஻V=஻RT'»¼¾¿ᓽᑁÖ×Ø"
,ᵫAU=Q+W!'Q0,ᓽ¡·¦ᦑB²³C┯ÚÛDE.ᵫ஻V=!'p-VÜḄᙶ᪗ÞᡂḄ☢Èá᧜»¼6/᝱ãc•/᝱Ḅᙶ᪗☢ÈÓÇå/᝱Ḅᙶ᪗☢Èæᜧᦑ秨Ḅ»¼ᐜᓣÁ©¾¿ᦑD┯ÚE²³Ûᦑ⌱ABE஺è2᝞éᴻëì·ᙠíîï☢7ðÐéᴻñAஹBஹCòóᙳᒴAஹBöñ7÷øùCñ7÷úûñḄ÷ᙠüíî☢ᑁýMþÿ஺AஹBḄᑖ4=13.5cm,2=32cm஺C᠒ᐭBஹCᑁḄa=5cm஺᜜ᜧPo=75cmHg஺AஹBᑁḄ஺

38ூ#ᫀ௃ZV?=1cmூ&᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ(&௃)8+Ḅ,-./ᓣ1234᝱6QB=PO,,=KB=4S,A᝱6᜜BCDEFGH☢ḄJ2,,=ᓃ8=“2-஻2PS,ᵫḄH⊝ᩩTᨵP2B=PNPghB,V2WXYᨵὶ[&\4=2cm)A+Ḅ,4᝱6PM=Po,,=ᓃ.=/ᡝA᝱6P2ABCDEFGH☢Ḅcᑣ,,=ᓃA=e4-ᵫḄH⊝ᩩTᨵ02A=AP+0gজ+ᐭ2-4PA,V2WXYᨵPl^A=P2MAὶ[j\2kG19g+189=0&\189%=1cmᡈ4=ᐝ-cm>4enoP

39ᑣḄp஻=4G%=1cmூᱥᳮ——⌱y3-4P34.e1P{+|}GᑡᙠG3Ḅ}0.3Sᐸ}᝞{+}ᡠ஺ḄᕜTᜧ0.3s,xᔣḄᑣḄᜧ¡m/s,ᕜS,X£ᔣḄḄᕜSoூ#ᫀ௃(1).0.5(2).0.4(3).1.2ூ&᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ(&௃e1PxᔣḄ§¨©15cm,ᵫªj«¬ᕜ:®m/s=0.5m/s0.3Z=4="s=o.4s'v0.5e2Px£ᔣḄ§¨©5cm,ᵫªj«¬ᕜ:0.05,1,³----m/s=—m/s0.36Tµ02,C஺=—=—j—s=1.2sv16e2Pᵨ¹┐»¼½/ஹD⊤☢H¿ḄÀᴻẈḄᢚÄ᳛஺|Æ+ᵨAஹBÇᜧᜮ┐ÉÊᐭÄᐝËஹCஹDÇᜧᜮ┐ÉÊ«ÄᐝË0¬0'ᑖᐭÄͬ«ÄÍ᝞{e4Pᡠ஺¼\ÀᴻẈÎh=15.0mm,Aᑮ஺ÍḄ»}OMḄÐCAM=10.0mm,MᑮÀᴻẈḄÐCMO=20.0mm,O'ᑮOMḄÐC

40s=5.0mm஺(i)ÀᴻẈḄᢚÄ᳛Ò(ii)ᵨÓGᙽᩞᧇ×FØ/D⊤☢ÙH¿ḄÀᴻẈÚÛ|ÆÀᴻẈḄÜ☢᝞{S)ᡠ஺ᐝ/⊤☢ᐭÄᐭ3Ý0⌲ßàᜧáᑮ45°3ஹÀᴻẈD⊤☢Ḅ«Äᐝ}ាäåᜫ஺ªÀᴻẈ/D⊤☢Ḅூ&᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூ(&௃(i)OÍÄᐭ3BᐭÄÝa,ᢚÄÝ᪷é⚪+ᡠëᦪéj\:10.0V5sina=/=——V10.02+20.0255.0Viosin(3-V15.02+5.02lo-ïᵫᢚÄÊðj\ÀᴻẈḄᢚÄ᳛:sinarrn=------=<2sinp(ii)òᐭÄÝ45°3BᢚÄÝ/ᵫᢚÄÊðósin45°n=--------sin/

41j\:y=30°ïBªÀᴻẈ/D⊤☢ᜳÝ"ᐝË{᝞D:,51sinC=—n&\óC=45°ᵫõöᐵøjó8+30°=CᓽÀᴻẈ/D⊤☢ḄᜳÝó8=15஺úᓄü——⌱y3óᱥýþ᪀ឋ35.ᐗ(Cr)┤Ḅ⌕ᡂᑖᙠ■ᨵḼ#$%ᵨ஺()*ᑡ,⚪:(1)/01᝱Cr34*ᑡ5678Ḅ(:᪗<)஺A.>⍝ᜐ0AᐙCDEFGHIJ᪶᜜ᵯ4᣸O%PAr3d54slB.4sᵯ4HIQRGᙠS3sᵯ4T᪶UVḄᙢXYZC.ᵯ[ឋS\R34/]ᔠᵯ4Ḅᔾ`aS\ᜧ

42(2)efgT4Hhᡂijklᓄᔠᱥ஺[Cr(NH3)1H2O)2Cl]"z{ᵯ4/hᡂkl]Ḅ34_______,~T4ḄklᦪP஺(3)[Cr(NH3)3(H2O)2Cl1+kEᑖ4NH3ஹH?஺ᑖ4PH’Ḅ᪀%Ḅ]᝞ᡠ஺PH,PḄᩖᓄ஺NH,ḄSPHḄ,3H.0Ḅ]0NH,Ḅ,3ᑖ᪆3஺(4)ᙠᩞᧇAlCr2⚩£¤¥¦ᩞᧇḄὊῖ⇨ឋஹª«¬ឋH஺A1C”ᐹᨵE~°X᪀,᝞ᡠᜐ0⚔l²Ḅ34஺CrA134A³ᑖ´Pµ%,ᑣ34ᓰᨵ᳛P%(ᑡº»¼⊤¾¿)஺ூ)ᫀ௃(1).AC(2).NஹOஹClব.6(4).sp3ম.R(6).NH3Èᙠᑖ4É](7).NH3Ëᨵ/Ì/ᵯ4ÍH?OËᨵÎ/Ì/ᵯ4H?OḄÌ/ᵯ4/ᡂ]ᵯ4/Ḅ᣸ÏÐᵨQᜧÑ.A1(9).8n(2l^+rAi)xl0()3a2cூÓ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூÔÓ௃(1)A.1᝱34CÕHIᨬJ3ᳮCrᨵ24Ø᪶᜜ᵯ4>⍝ᜐ0AᐙCDEFGHIJ᪶᜜ᵯ4᣸O%P[Ar]3d$4si,A78ÜB.Cr᪶᜜ᵯ4᣸OP[Ar]3d54slᵫ0Hàá┯,3d>⍝HIR04s>⍝ḄHI,ᓽ3dᵯ4HIQR,B┯ä;

43C.ᵯ[ឋP34/]ᔠᵯ4Ḅᔾ`aæᕜè◀êë34ìᦪíᜧᵯ[ឋí¦\gl0æᕜè34ìᦪᜧ0\ᦑïᵯ[ឋS\R34/]ᔠᵯ4Ḅᔾ`aS\ᜧC78Üᦑ)ᫀPðACÜ(2)ñCr(NH3)3(H2O),ClòefgT4z{>⍝NஹOஹC1z{Ì/ᵯ4efT4hᡂkl]~T4ḄklᦪPNஹOஹC1ej34ḄØᦪᓽ3+2+1=6,ᦑ)ᫀPðNஹOஹC1Ü6;(3)PHaḄfõᵯ4/P3+1=4,ᦑPH,PḄᩖᓄsp'N34ᵯ[ឋQ¦NHஹᑖ4÷Èᙠᑖ4É]øNR,ḄSPH?ḄRÜH?஺Ḅ]0NH3Ḅ3ðNH?Ëᨵ/Ì/ᵯ4ÍH?OËᨵÎ/Ì/ᵯ4H?OḄÌ/ᵯ4/ᡂ]ᵯ4/Ḅ᣸ÏÐᵨQᜧᦑ)ᫀPðsp3ÜRÜNH,Èᙠᑖ4É]ðNH3Ëᨵ/Ì/ᵯ4ÍH?OËᨵÎ/Ì/ᵯ4H2஺ḄÌ/ᵯ4/ᡂ]ᵯ4/Ḅ᣸ÏÐᵨQᜧÜ(4)úûAlCr,ᐹᨵE~°X᪀᝞ᡠüᳫØᦪP8x+l=2,ᳫᦪ8x'+2=4,ᔠᓄ84AlCqᳫCr,ᳫAl,ᓽᜐ⚔!"#Ḅ%Al&'஺)Cr*Al&'+,ᑖ./*%,ᑣ23&'Ḅ456x4+38௃x2=^£<=ᦑ23&'?@ᓰᨵ᳛33387ID2r|+r^8ᐔD2F+48ᐔQF+Lߟߟxioo%=r^xio%'ᦑGᫀ:A1KxlOO»3a2cMᓄN⌱P5ᨵ=ᓄQẠS36.ᓴWᘙYW%N[ᢙᜫḨ_ᱥᙠb_cdeḄN[ᔠᡂgh᝞j:kOHHNCH3coOH2CHCIC2H50H22ঠড

44ZnCl2+HC1CHCOOH+3+H0C2H50H2mGjᑡo⚪q(1)AḄᓄrs%o(2)ᑏ6uvঞḄᓄgx_______஺(3)DᐹᨵḄ{|}rs%஺(ὃ⇋)(4)uvটeYḄ᪀»(5)uvঠuv%஺(6)CḄᑖ᪀4eᨵ|

45HOCHCOCHCOCR5ூᑖ᪆௃AD/5ᙠ⏚ឋ¥═⏚§Ḅ¨ᓄj<ᡂBD5,r/A/F©SOC12uv<ᡂCUUUooacoa™ᙠᓄ·*¸¨ᓄ¹Ḅºᵨj15ᵫAD¶Ḅ᪀rsq2—ᵬDᡈᵬ¶ᦑGᫀq2NᵬDᡈᵬ¶;

46coaᙠᓄ·*¸¨ᓄ¹Ḅºᵨj

47oBr©H?N—

48ᦑGᫀ:M<ᱥ——⌱P1q<ᱥᢈÖ×ØS37.cdÏᡠÚḄ⏗%ᢣÝ<ᱥᙠᨵ¨ᡈÞ¨ᩩàjáâᑖ³©ᔠᡂãäåæ&ᧇᱥèéᓄᱯêëìḄâx஺ᑭᵨÝ<ᱥ⏗ᑴº⏓ðᙠᡃòᐹᨵóôḄᔊö஺å÷dáâ⏗ᑴº⏓ðḄøxùúû᝞j஺üýþòÿ
⏓ᑡ⚪1◭
⏗ᐭᜧஹ!"#$%◭Ḅ'()⃩+ᱥ-ᜧḄ—#%◭Ḅ'()/0Ḅ12#%◭Ḅ'().2◭
⏗Ḅ5⌕7Ḅ89◭ᐙᑖ'(<=ᜧ>ᑖ?ᑴA⏓ᡠ◤Ḅ⏘EFG⏘ḄஹHᑖIJ
⏗ḄKL-!ᾦNᑖOᡂ᧕RᔾᦈஹUᕡWᱯḄᡂᑖ᝞JKL-ᑖO%ᑖZḄ[!஺◭
⏗◤⌕)⃩+ᱥ-ஹ]ᐭ^_`ᤅbᵫd#$ᑨf◭gRh“j+kl”“n+kl”ᡈ“n+pl”q'ᱥ஺3ᙠ
⏗
⏗▤uvḄw⏚ygRh“z᪶'ᱥ”ᡈ“|᪶'ᱥ”vḄ⏗~y;ᙠlᩩᑖOℍ⃔Ḅᱥ8஺ᙠ▤uᢓᑴᩖy!<=8⏓->Ḅ⌕ᑖ᪆▤u#$ᢓᑴᩖy'(Ḅᱥ-81ᓽ#஺ூᫀ௃প.KL-2.03.KL⏘ভ.ᾦN⏘ম.⏚য.n+pl.|᪶'ᱥ¡.⏀£!¤lᓄ9.⏀£ஹw⏚ஹ§¨©ªᓽ#ூO᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃1ஹ«¬ῖwᑴAḄq'ᱥ5⌕8®◭ᐸ°▰²³E´8n+◤l´஺ῖwᑴAḄ|ᳮ®◭¶q'ᱥ'ḄKL⏘HJῖḄKL-ᑖOᡂᑖZḄ[!⏚·ᾦN⏘#JᾦNᑖOᡂᵞ!ᾦN⏚஺2ஹq'ᱥḄ'(<=©¹◤⌕ºஹ»¨ஹ0!/0¶¼⃩+ᱥ-ᨵG¾◤⌕ᱯ¿Ḅ⃩+ᱥ-᝞'(Z¾◤⌕ÀÁl_!pH¶ᩩ஺3ஹÄ⏀ᑴAḄyÅ%⏗~yᐸ|ᳮ8ᙠᨵlḄᩩ⏗~yᜧ><=lḄᩩ⏗~y'

49⏀£!¤lᓄ஺ூÆO௃(1)ᜧÈᨵÉÊḄKL-#%q'ᱥḄ'(<=)/0஺Ḅ12#$%q'ᱥḄ'(<=)0஺(2)◭ᙠ
⏗'ḄKL⏘HJKL-ᑖO%ᑖZḄ[!⏚'ḄᾦN⏘HJᾦNᑖO%ᵞ!ᾦN⏚9
⏗ḄᱥᐹᨵWᱯḄUᕡ஺◭
⏗Ì◤⌕ᑭᵨÏᨵḄᨵ»ᱥ!◤⌕l_ÐÑᐸ²³E´8n+pl´஺(3)w⏚yÒᨵ᪶ÓᒹÕḄÖ×᪶gR|᪶'ᱥ஺⏗~ygRØឋkl´q'ᱥÚ#$ÛÜᨵlÝᔾ,ß#$ÛÜlÝᔾlÝᔾḄᱥ8⏀£!¤lᓄ஺ᙠ
⏗⏗~y'Ḅ⏀£HᢓᑴᩖyḄ'(w⏚y'Ḅw⏚9
⏗àᕈ⏚ឋßHᢓᑴᩖyḄ'(âÌã
⏗vḄ§¨ßHᢓᑴᩖyḄ'(஺ூä௃¼⚪$⏓ḄᑴA%⚪ᩞ¼-ὃçÄ⏀!ῖwḄᑴAèRdEé⚪◤⌕ὃ'êëḄÖ⁚íî᝞ïðḄ|ᳮஹïðᩩஹïðÏñ¶◤⌕ὃ'ᙠòÌḄóôêëõö஺÷'ᱥ——⌱ù3ϲ'ᱥúᢈü⚪ý38.ᵨDNAþᢈÿ
ᱥ
Ḅ⍡ᱯឋ⌼ᔠ◤⌕Ḅᱥ஺ᙠ◤⌕ᵨ!"#ᐹ⏘ᐸ4"▲ᑴឋ᪶⏚ᑁᑗ⏘Ḅᑗᒘ./᝞1ᡠ3஺IIIIGAATTCCCCGGGCTGCAGGATATCCTTAAGGGGCCCGACGTCCTATAG,tttt▲ᑴ⏘EcoRISmalPstIEcoRV456ᑡ8⚪:(1);ᵨḄDNA<=⏘ᨵ£co஻DNA<=⏘BT&DNA<=⏘஺C1⏘ᑗᒘDḄDNAᱏF
ᵨE.coliDNA<=⏘<=஺C1⏘ᑗᒘDḄDNAᱏF
ᵨT&DNA<=⏘<=஺(2)DNA<=⏘HᓄJḄKLᱏFMNOPQᱏFRSTᡂḄᓄVWX஺(3)DNAYZᢈ\ᡠᵨḄNOPQᐹᨵ]^ᱯ_᝞NODNAᑖaCᨵbᑴc/
deNOᙠfQghi:NODNAᑖaCᨵ,lm᜜oDNApᐭrNODNAᑖaCᨵ᪗tKL(᝞u"ᢙwᢙឋKL)ᑭᵨᢙwz⌱|NOPQḄ}~ghX஺(4)⊤PQ|ᨵaaXᢣ஺ூ5ᫀ௃প.EcoRkPstl(2).EcoRKPstKSmalBEcoRV(3).⏚W(4).ᡃbᑴম.]!▲ᑴ⏘ᑗ./(6).ᵨ|ᨵᢙwḄK}~gh,iḄᓽ|ᨵNOPQḄ}~gh..mKL✌Ḅ]FᱯDNAᑡXRNAᔠ⏘¡¢£¤ᔠḄ¥.i¦§¨ூ©᪆௃

50ூᑖ᪆௃1ஹ¬Mῖ®ᑴ¯Ḅ°ᱥ~⌕X±◭ᐸ▰´µ¶X·◤¸¶஺ῖ®ᑴ¯Ḅcᳮ:±◭º°ᱥḄ»¼⏘i½¾ῖḄ»¼Nᑖ©ᡂ¿ᑖaḄÀBÁK⏚rᾦÃ⏘½ᾦÃᑖ©ᡂᵞÅBᾦÃ⏚஺2ஹ°ᱥḄÆÇÈ]É◤⌕ÊஹËÌÍஹÎoBÏoºKÐ⃩ᱥNᨵ^Ò◤⌕ᱯḄ⃩ᱥN᝞ÆLaÒ◤⌕ÓÔ¸ÕBpHºᩩ×஺3ஹØ⏀ᑴ¯ḄÚ"⏗ÜÚᐸcᳮX:ᙠᨵ¸Ḅᩩ×6⏗ÜÚᜧÞÇÈ˸Ḅᩩ×6⏗ÜÚ⏀ßB¸ᓄÎ஺ூà©௃áQ▲ᑴ⏘EcoRIBPstlᑗᒘTᡂḄXâឋã,▲ᑴ⏘SmalBEcoRVᑗᒘTᡂḄXäã,E.coliDNA<=⏘ᩭomᜧæᩚÚèi½éêDNAᱏFë⊡ḄâឋãRSḄ⏚W<=íᩭîT4DNA<=⏘ᩭomT4ïÚQᵨm<=âឋãBäãð<=ᦔ᳛óô஺L1EcoRIBPstlᑗᒘDḄDNAᱏFáâឋãõ
ᵨE.coliDNA<=⏘<=◀÷øù"▲ᑴ⏘ᑗᒘḄDNAᱏF▲ᑴ⏘SmalBEcoRVᑗᒘDḄDNAᱏFáäãõú
ᵨT&DNA<=⏘<=஺
2DNA<=⏘½ùDNAᱏF<=Tᡂ⏚W஺á3NOX¿¶ûüḄDNAᑖa;¯KL⊤ḄPQ✌ᐜNOC|ᨵbᑴc/ideNOᙠfQghᡃbᑴ஺NODNAᑖaCᨵ]!▲ᑴឋ᪶⏚ᑁᑗ⏘Ḅ⏘ᑗ./lmJḄKLḄþᐭ஺NOCḄ᪗tKLX÷␺
ᔲᨵḄᐹᵨᨵᢙḄḄᓽᨵ!"#Ḅ஺%4&'()*ᱯ,-᪀ḄDNAᱏ*01Ḅ✌34RNA5ᔠ⏘89:-ᔠḄ;0ᨵ<4=>'?@AmRNA,ᨬCDE◤⌕ḄHI!஺ூKL௃N⚪ὃQRSḄTᐵV8⌕Wὃ8XRSḄᭆZஹ\ᳮ^_`abcdᔜ_`ab◤⌕fgḄ⁚-ᔠᡠjḄV8klm⚪஺