高考真题——化学（江苏卷）含解析

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ਭᵨ2018
᪥ᐰὃᔁᓄ⚗ὃᙠ⚪▅!"⚗#ᔜ⚪⚪⌕&1."ᔁ'ᑖ)120ᑖ*ὃ+,)100ᑖ-஺ὃ/01*2"ᔁ3⚪ᓱ567஺2.⚪*892:;Ḅ=>ஹ@ὃABᵨ0.5DEF⁐HIḄJKLMᑏᙠᔁ#⚪ᓱḄOPQR஺3.᪶TUὃᕒᙠ⚪ᓱWᡠYZḄᩩ\ṹWḄ=>ஹ@ὃAB^"_`ᔲbc஺4.e⌱g⚪*9hᵨ2BiL2⚪ᓱWTj⌱⚗Ḅk᪾m'ஹmFn᝞◤ᦋr*ᵨstuvw1*x⌱mᐸzᫀ஺e|⌱g⚪*9hᵨ0.5DEF⁐HIḄJKLᙠ⚪ᓱWḄᢣPQRe*ᙠᐸzQRe~ᦔ஺5.᝞◤e*hᵨ2BiLஹᑏ*ᩩஹcBhFஹ஺ᵨᑮḄbTH1C12N14O16Na23Mg24Al27S32Cl35.5Ca40Fe56Cu64Ag108I127Ba137⌱g⚪ᓫ⚗⌱g⚪"⚪ᒹ10⚪*⚪2ᑖ*ᐳ20ᑖ஺⚪ᱏ⌱⚗cᔠ⚪஺l.CCh`:ᯠḄ¡⌕ᱥ஺£ᑡ¥¦§¨©ᜧ«CO2¬WᓣḄ`A.ᐝᔠeᵨB.:ᯠ°±C.ᓄ²³ᧇḄ³µD.⏚·Ḅ¸¹ூᫀ௃Cூ¼᪆௃ᑖ᪆A⚗*ᐝᔠeᵨ¾ὑCO?;B⚗*:ᯠ°±+HzO§^ÀCO?ÁjᡂH2co3,稩CO?¬ḄWᓣnC⚗*ᓄ²³ᧇᢣ᯼ஹ²Åஹᜩᯠ«*᯼ஹ²Åஹᜩᯠ«Ç¬CᐗÉ*³µ1ᡂC0D⚗*⏚·¸¹ᢣᵫ\ᡂËÌÍᡈÏÐÑÒḄÓÔÕÖ⏚·×ᱥ#ᐸØᔠÙ*¥ᱥeᵨᡈÚ2¥⛳3⏚·ḄIÙÜݸÞ*IÙᱥßr¾ὑC02,ᨵᑭË⏚·¸¹஺

1â¼A⚗*ᐝᔠeᵨ¾ὑC02*ᐝᔠeᵨḄçk¦è⊤ê)6co2+6H2Oñ6Hl2஺6+6஺2*ᐝᔠeᵨ§¨©ᜧ«C02¬£°nB⚗*:ᯠ°±+H2஺§^ÀC02ÁjᡂH2co3,稩CO2¬ḄWᓣnC⚗*ᓄ²³ᧇᢣ᯼ஹ²Åஹᜩᯠ«*᯼ஹ²Åஹᜩᯠ«Ç¬CᐗÉ*Cᐗɳµ1ᡂCO2,ᓄ²³ᧇḄ³µ§¨©ᜧ«CO2¬WᓣnD⚗*⏚·¸¹ᢣᵫ\ᡂËÌÍᡈÏÐÑÒḄÓÔÕÖ⏚·×ᱥ#ᐸØᔠÙ*¥ᱥeᵨᡈÚ¥⛳3⏚·ḄIÙÜݸÞ*IÙᱥßr¾ὑCO2,ᨵᑭË⏚·¸¹*⏚·¸¹Ã§¨©ᜧ«C02¬Wᓣnᓄ²³ᧇḄ³µ§¨©ᜧ«CO2¬Wᓣ,ᫀ⌱C஺÷ø"⚪ὃùᓄ^᛻ûüஹýþÿ
ᓄᧇḄᡂᑖ⚪Ḅᐵ஺2.ᵨᓄᵨ⊤NH3+HC1=NH4cl"Ḅ#ᐵ$%
ᐸ"'(ḄA."*ᦪ,8Ḅ./*01B.HC1Ḅᵯ*50678©07C.NH3Ḅ:᪀50"=>="D.C7Ḅ:᪀@A08>7ூEᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆0A⚗
"*ᦪ,8Ḅ./*ḄJKᦪ,150B⚗
HC1"MNᐳPQC⚗
NE"N3SN-HQD⚗
C7ᨬ᜜Wᨵ8Sᵯ*஺Y0A⚗
"*ᦪ,8Ḅ./*ḄJKᦪ,15,⊤,7N,A⚗┯\QB⚗
HC1"MNᐳP
HC1H\HḄᵯ*5,H0&0
B⚗┯\QC⚗
NH.Q"N3SN-H
N%Ḅ:᪀5,=6=
C⚗'(QD⚗,-HC7ᨬ᜜Wᨵ8Sᵯ*
C7Ḅ:᪀@A,ὊD⚗┯\QEᫀ⌱C஺jbc0d⚪ὃfᓄᵨ
ghὃf/*:᪀ஹj*:᪀@Aஹᵯ*5k:᪀5
l@mnopḄqr⚪Ḅᐵ
᝞/*:᪀@Atj*:᪀@AḄqrஹᐳPᓄᔠᱥkj*ᓄᔠᱥᵯ*5Ḅqrஹᵯ*5t:᪀5Ḅqr஺3.>ᑡᨵᐵᱥJឋJtᵨ⌶ᐹᨵ{|ᐵ}ḄA.NaHCCh᧕ᑖ
ᵨᑴ⏚"kᑺB.SiO?ᰚbᜧ
ᵨᑴᐝC.AI2O3ឋᓄᱥ
ᵨὊᩞᧇD.CaOt|
ᵨ¡¢ᑺூEᫀ௃D

2ூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆0A⚗
NaHCChtHCI|
NaHCChᵨᑴ⏚"kᑺQB⚗
SQ¤ᐝḄ¥¦§¨
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AI2O3Ḅᰚb©
ᵨὊᩞᧇQD⚗
CaOt|
ᵨ¡¢ᑺ஺Y0A⚗
NaHCChtHC1|
NaHCChᵨᑴ⏚"kᑺ
NaHCChᵨᑴ⏚"kᑺtNaHCCh᧕ᑖªᨵ{|ᐵ}QB⚗
SiCh¤ᐝḄ¥¦§¨
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SiO?ᵨᑴᐝtSiO?ᰚbᜧªᨵ{|ᐵ}QC⚗
AkChḄᰚb©
ᵨὊᩞᧇ
AkChᵨὊᩞᧇtAbChឋᓄᱥªᨵ{|ᐵ}QD⚗
CaOt|
ᵨ¡¢ᑺ
CaOᵨ¡¢ᑺtCaOt|ᨵ{|ᐵ}QEᫀ⌱D஺bc0d⚪ὃf§®¯ᱥḄឋJkᵨ⌶
⚪Ḅᐵ°៉§ᱥJḄh⌕ឋJ
ᳮឋJ´µᵨ⌶¶·ឋJtᵨ⌶opḄ{|ᐵ}஺¸¹“»¼½¾¿ஹᨵᵨḄᓄ”ḄÁÂᳮÃ஺4.Ä>
>ᑡᔜÆj*ᙠᢣµÉÊ"ᜧKᐳËḄA.0.1mol-L-lKIÉÊ0Na+,K\CIO,OHB.0.1mol[TFe2(SO4)3ÉÊ0Cu2\NHjஹNO\SO2-34C.0.1mol-L-1HClÉÊ0Ba2\K\CH3coeFஹNO-3D.0.1molLRaOHÉÊ0Mg2+>Na\SO2->HC(V4ூEᫀ௃Bூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆0A⚗
7tCl(yÞ¼ᓄß/|QB⚗
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Mg2\H83=tOHâᜧKᐳËQEᫀ⌱B஺bc0d⚪ὃfj*ᐳË
j*ḄឋJkj*âᜧKᐳËḄ/å⚪Ḅᐵ஺j*pâᜧKᐳËḄ/åᨵ0জj*pÞ¼çᑖ|¼ᡂஹèéᡈë¸
᝞⚪"CஹD⚗;ঝj*pÞ¼ᓄß/|,᝞⚪"A⚗Qঞj*pÞ¼ï|
᝞AðtHCCh-Qটj*pÞ¼òᔠ|
᝞Fe3+tSCNQঠl@⚪"Ḅ▬õᩩ÷஺

35.>ᑡᨵᐵøùú"ûüỚḄ¿þ/ᳮkÿ
ᑮḄḄA.ᵨᵬB.ᵨᮞḄC.ᵨᑴᜓᵨᓄ"#ḄCl2D.ᵨ'ᔾᦈᓄ"#*ḄCL,-ூ/ᫀ௃Bூ2᪆௃ᑖ᪆5A⚗78ᵨᙢ:;B⚗7ᮞḄᵨ<ᑖ=>?@#ḄA;C⚗7MnChEFG⏚I8ᑴC12◤⌕MN5D⚗7,-Cb8ᵨNaOHAᔾᦈ஺U25A⚗78ᵨᵨ:7A⚗┯W;B⚗7ᮞḄᵨ<ᑖ=>?@#ḄA7B⚗XY;C⚗7MnO?EFG⏚[\]I87MnO?EFG⏚I8ᑴCb◤⌕MN7I8Ḅᓄ^_`abMnO+4HCl(F)hMnCb+Cl2T+2H஺C⚗┯W;D⚗7Cbᙠ⛳lNaQA"A2nop7]
ᵨ⛳2lNaCIAᔾᦈ,-Cb7,-Cb8ᵨNaOHAᔾᦈ7D⚗┯W;/ᫀ⌱B஺st5u⚪wx"yzỚb|}7ὃuஹCbḄᑴᜓ72/⌕YḄḄஹᑖ᪆◤ḄᑺlᘤஹᔠᳮḄlᩩḄᑴ.6.ᑡᨵᐵᱥឋḄ]XYḄA.ᔣFeCkA"¡MNH&SCNA7A¤¥⁐B.KA1(SCU)2©2H2OAª«¬ᡂA1(OH)3¯}C.NH4clECa(OH)2±ᔠ²³N«´ᡂNH3D.CuEFeClAI8«´ᡂCuCl32ூ/ᫀ௃Aூ2᪆௃ᑖ᪆5A⚗7NESCNᵨ·Fe";B⚗7KAI(SO)2,12H?OAªᵯ=»ḄA¼ª2¬ᡂ4

4Al(OH)3¯};C⚗7«ᵨNH4cllCa(OH)2±ᔠᐳNᑴNH3;D⚗7CuEFeCbAI8´ᡂCuCIlFeCbo2U25A⚗,FeCbA"@Fe?+,NH4SCNᵨ·Fe3*,ᔣFeCkA"¡MNHaSCNA7A]Á¤¥⁐7A⚗┯W;B⚗7KAI(SO)2T2H2OAªᵯ=»ḄA¼ª2¬ᡂAl(OH)3¯}7=Â_`a4bA¼+3H2OA=A1(OH)3(¯})+3H,7B⚗XY;C⚗7«ᵨNH91lCa(OH)2±ᔠᐳNᑴNH3,I8Ḅᓄ^_`ab2NHC1+Ca(OH)2hCaC12+2NHJ+2H2஺7C⚗XY;D⚗7CuEFeC13A4I8´ᡂCuCklFeCk7I8Ḅᓄ^_`abCu+2FeCb=CuC12+2FeC127D⚗XY;/ᫀ⌱A஺st5u⚪ὃFe"Ḅ·ஹGÆḄª2ஹᑴÇ-ḄÈᳮஹCuEFeCbḄI87ÉÊËÌᐺÎᱥḄឋlᓄ^I82⚪ḄᐵÏ஺7.ᑡᢣI8Ḅ=Â_`aXYḄA.⛳lNa2cChAECaSChÒ}I85CO2"+CaSO^——^CaCO+SQ2-3434B.⏚ᓄNalChlNaiḄ±ᔠA5#+IO-+6H+=I+3H2O32C.KC1O×ឋAEFe(OH)3I853C1O+2Fe(OH)^=2FeO2-+3Cl+4H++HO342D.ᵯ2⛳lØGª52c#+2H+WÚC17T+H7Tூ/ᫀ௃Aூ2᪆௃ᑖ᪆5A⚗7⛳lNa2cChAECaSO4Û´Üᑖ2I8´ᡂÝÞAªḄCaCCh;B⚗7ᵯ₹]àឤ7?ᜫᵯÂ]àឤ5C⚗7ᙠ×ឋA"]«
´ᡂH';D⚗7ᵯ2⛳lØGª´ᡂNaOHஹH?lCb஺U25A⚗7⛳lNa2cChAECaSOaÛ´Üᑖ2I8´ᡂÝÞAªḄCaCCh7I8Ḅ=Â_`abCO2+CaSOCaCO+SO42',A⚗XY;B⚗7ᵯ₹]àឤ7?ᜫᵯÂ]àឤ7XYḄ=Â_`ab3435r+IO+6H+=3I+3HO,B⚗┯W;C⚗7ᙠ×ឋA"]«
´ᡂXYḄ=Â_`ab3223C10+2Fe(OH)+4OH=3Cr+2FeO2+5HO,C⚗┯W;D⚗7ᵯ2⛳lØGª´ᡂNaOHஹçlCb7342ᵯ2⛳lØGªḄ=Â_`ab2cr+2è0éêCbf+H2T+20H,D⚗┯W;/ᫀ⌱A஺st5u⚪ὃ=Â_`aXWḄᑨí஺ᑨí=Â_`aᔲXY«xwïð_☢òó5জxI8Èᳮòóᑨí7᝞I8ᔲ
Û´ஹI8ᔲ´ᡂᡠ÷¼ᱥ(⚪"D⚗)ø;ঝxᱥúᙠ¬᝱òóᑨí7᝞üᑖᔲXYஹᔲXY⊤þÿ
ᱥঞឤᑨ᝞ឤஹᵯ₹ឤஹᓄḄᵯឤ(⚪B⚗)%টḄᩩ(ᑨ(⚪C⚗)ঠᱥḄ+ᡂ-.ᱥ/0Ḅ12ᑨ஺8.6ᕜ89:ᐗr(Z)>/-(Y)

5B.ᵫXஹY+ᡂḄᓄᔠᱥᙳlJᐳnoC.YḄᨬpnᓄᱥḄqᓄᱥḄrឋ2ZḄtD.XḄvᓫ᝱yᓄᱥḄz{|ឋ2WḄ}ூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆%6ᕜ89:ᐗr(Z)>r(W),A⚗┯B⚗ᵫXஹY+ᡂḄᓄᔠᱥᨵNa2஺ஹNaO,NaO222Pᨵ¡oNazCh¤J¡o¥JᐳnoB⚗┯C⚗¦Zឋ%Na(Y)>A1(Z),YḄᨬpnᓄᱥḄqᓄᱥḄrឋ2ZḄ}C⚗┯D⚗§¦Zឋ%O(X)>S(W),XḄvᓫ᝱ᓄᱥḄz{|ឋ2WḄ}D⚗`a%ᫀ⌱D஺©ª%«⚪ὃᐗ<ᕜ8⊤ᐗ<ᕜ8Ḅ®¯a®°ᔜ²³´⊤Ḅᐗ[Ag(NH),]"(aq)^W(aq)>Ag(s)3RAl-HCl(aq)D.FeO(s>-^Fe(s)——^FeCl(aq):}}WOKூᫀ௃Aூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆%A⚗NaHCChÌzᑖᡂNa2co3ஹCO2H?஺Na2cChY⛳ÒᮞqÔᡂCaCChNaOHB⚗AlYNaOH
ÕÔᡂNaAlChH2NaAK)2Y×KØ⏚ÔᡂNaClஹAICI3H2OC⚗AgNChÛᐭÝqÞßàáÝ
ÕⅅãlJäåⅅãlÃæÔáçD⚗A1YFezChpêæÔëzÔᡂAbChFe,FeYHCIÔᡂFeCkH»2%A⚗NaHCChÌzᑖᡂNa2co3ஹCO2H?0,Na2cO3Y⛳ÒᮞqÔᡂCaCChNaOH,ïðᙳÃÄÅB⚗A1YNaOH
ÕÔᡂNaAlChH?,NaAlChY×KØ⏚ÔᡂNaClஹ

6AlCbHzO,ñðlÃÄÅC⚗AgNChÛᐭÝqÞßàáÝ
ÕⅅãlJäåⅅãlÃæÔáçñðlÃÄÅD⚗A1YFezChpêæÔëzÔᡂAI2O3Fe,FeYHC1ÔᡂFeCbH2,ñðlÃÄÅᱥ¹0ÂᓄᙳÃÄÅḄGA⚗ᫀ⌱A஺©ª%«⚪ὃᐗ<.ᐸᓄᔠᱥ/0ḄóôÂᓄᩩ(⚪ḄᐵoGõ៉÷øᱥ¹Ḅᓄùឋ¹ÂᓄḄᩩ(஺úûKḄMüýÔᡂᱥḄþÿ᝞NaAlO?HC1ᡂNaClAl(OH),NaA10?3HCIᡂNaCkAlCbHO«210.ᑡ"#$%Ḅ'A.()*ᧇᵯ-.ᵯ/ᓄ12ᐰ45ᓄ6ᵯ2B.4Fe(s)+3O2(g>^=2Fe2O3(s)ABCDEFGH6ᔾJC.3moiN1molN2OᔠᡂNH3,5QᵯRḄᦪTUV6x6.02x1()23D.ᙠ⏘\ᓄ]^_`aBbcd]^_`e᳛cgூiᫀ௃Cூ`᪆௃ᑖ᪆nA⚗,()*ᧇᵯ-.ᵯ/ᓄ12p2ᐰ45ᓄ6ᵯ2ᳮrs25ᓄ᳛dt85%~90%zB⚗4Fe(s)+3஺2(g)=2FeO3(s)ḄAS<0,HABCDEFGH6.JzC⚗2N?H?Ḅ6C⌮3m0IH2ImolNzOᔠᡂNH3,5QᵯRᦪUV6molzD⚗⏘'ᐹᨵ\ᓄᵨḄ⏘Ḅ\ᓄᵨᐹᨵḄᱯ'nᩩBஹp◤JᐹᨵdbḄឋஹdᦔ\ᓄᵨBbcd⏘Eឋ\ᓄឋ஺`nA⚗()*ᧇᵯ-.ᵯ/ᓄ12p2ᐰ45ᓄ6ᵯ2ᳮrs25ᓄ᳛dt85%~90%,A⚗┯zB⚗4Fe(s)+302(g)=2FeO(s)ḄAS<0,HABCDEFGH6.J23B⚗┯zC⚗N?H?Ḅ6C⌮3moiH?ImolNzOᔠᡂNH3,5QᵯRᦪUV6mol,5QᵯRᦪUV6x6.02x1023,C⚗$%zD⚗⏘'ᐹᨵ\ᓄᵨḄ⏘Ḅ\ᓄᵨᐹᨵḄᱯ'nᩩBஹp◤JᐹᨵdbḄឋஹdᦔ\ᓄᵨBbcd⏘Eឋ\ᓄឋ]^_`e᳛᠒D⚗┯ziᫀ⌱C஺n⚪ὃ¢*ᧇᵯ-a2Ḅ5ᓄஹᓄ1DEឋḄᑨ¤ஹC⌮Ḅ)ᓄ¥¦a5QᵯRᦪḄ§¨ஹḄឋ⏘Ḅ\ᓄᱯ஺©ªᓄ1a2Ḅ5ᓄஹᓄ1DEឋḄᑨ«ஹC⌮ḄᱯஹḄឋ⏘\ᓄḄᱯ'`⚪Ḅᐵ஺p®⚗⌱¯⚪n⚪ᒹ±5U⚪²U⚪4ᑖᐳ§20ᑖ஺²U⚪´ᨵµᡈ·µ⌱⚗¸ᔠ⚪¹஺º$%iᫀ´ᒹ±µ⌱⚗»⌱/HU⚪¼0ᑖzº$%iᫀᒹ±·µ⌱⚗´⌱µ½$%Ḅ¼2ᑖ,⌱·µ½¾$%Ḅ¼¿ᑖÀ´⌕⌱┯µHU⚪¼0ᑖ஺&Ä

711.ᓄᔠᱥY2ᵨVdឋ2ᐝ1᪛ᾦḄᔠᡂCᵫ஺ᓄᔠᱥX2-ᵬÌÍÎ⏒Ðᙠ®ᩩᑴ¼:HBrIUC=C—C-CIᑡᨵᐵᓄᔠᱥXஹYḄ"#$%Ḅ'A.XᑖRaᡠᨵ¦R®ᙠÔÕ☢sB.YBr?Ḅᡂ×ᱥᑖRaØᨵÙឋÚ¦RC.XஹYᙳp2Ü⏚ឋKMnCUÞßà⁐D.X—YḄ6âãூiᫀ௃BDூ`᪆௃ᑖ᪆nA⚗XᑖRaäÌ(ᐸæ¦Rp®ᙠÔÕ☢szB⚗YBnḄᡂ×ᱥ60—C-C—CHBr,ç᪀éêBr~ëìO-€íC-CH2Bra“*”Ú6ÙឋÚ¦RzC⚗,Xa;ØñäÌX2⏚ឋKMnCUÞßYaØÚÚòY2Ü⏚ឋKMnCUÞßà⁐zD⚗X+2-ᵬÌᑁÎ⏒ÐY+HC1,ô6âã஺:A⚗XḄ2Hஹ3Brஹ1஺ᙠ☢!ᵫ#ᓫ%&'()Xᑖ+,-ᐸ/0ᙠ☢!,A⚗┯34B⚗5Br?Ḅ6ᡂ8ᱥ:஽Br"*":>ឋB⚗@ABC⚗XCD+,,XE⏚ឋKMn஺,GHIJ5CK%.YEL⏚ឋKMn஺,GHM⁐C⚗┯34D⚗OPXஹ2-ᵬ,ST⏒VYḄW᪀YZX+2-ᵬ,ST⏒VTY+HCI,IJ[\:]^IJஹD⚗@A4_ᫀ⌱BD஺n⚪ὃ¢ᨵõᱥḄç᪀ឋஹÙឋÚ¦RḄᑨ¤ஹᨵõᱥᐳ☢¦RḄᑨ¤஺ö'ᑖRaᐳ☢¦RḄ%®ᑖRaᐳ☢¦RḄᑨ¤◤⌕÷¹nজὶúᐺôᨵõᱥḄç᪀᝞CHíஹüÎஹüᙽஹþஹᵬÿ
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D⚗᪷»÷þÿᙶ᪗ᙶ᪗ᜧ-Ige(SO?)-Ige(Ba2+)ᜧc(SO?)ᜧc(Ba2+)஺A⚗ᓣ!IgK#$⊝ᔣ⌮()*ᔣ+,⌮()-ᔾ/()0()-1/()2()ḄAHcO,A⚗067B⚗᪷9:;<Ḽ>?Ḅ@+c(Hq?)BᓄDE$F<Ḽ()ḄGHI஺2ᑖK᳛⌲N#B⚗067C⚗᪷9:;PᨵRᐭNaOHUV>0.1000mol/LHXUVḄpH>l,HX-bᐗd⏚C⚗┯g7D⚗᪷9:;ijkᙶ᪗ᙶ᪗ᜧ-Ige(SO?)-Ige(Ba2+)ᜧc(SO?)ᜧc(Ba2+)D⚗067lᫀ⌱C஺opq⚪ὃt:;Ḅᑖ᪆vwὃt!xᓄy$⊝zᦪḄ|}ஹᓄy()K᳛ஹ⏚RpHḄᑖ᪆ஹU$⊝Ḅᑖ᪆ᨵᐵḄᳮ6:;ஹkᙶ᪗ḄḄBᓄD⚪Ḅᐵ஺14.H2c2O4-ᐗd⏚K,MH2c2஺4)=5.4*10-2,/C(HCO4)=5.4X105,H2c2஺4UVc(c(H2c2O4)a222+c(HCO)+C(C02-)OᵨNaOHUVR25.00mL0.10002c2O4UVo஺R¡2424ᑮḄᑡUV¤¥Ḅᱥ§Ḅ¨©!ᐵªb06ḄA.0.1000mol-L-1H2c2O4UVc(H+)=0.1000mol-C'+^C^O?-)+஺(01)-c(H2c2O4)B.c(Na*)=c()ḄUVc(Na+)>c(HCO)>c(CO2-)>c(H+)22424C.pH=7ḄUVc(Na*)=0.1000molL®+c(C2C)42-)-c(H2c2O4)D.c(Nal=2c()ḄUVc(OH)-c(H*)=2c(H2c2O4)+C(HC2OJ)ூlᫀ௃ADூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆A⚗H2c2஺4UVḄᵯ₹³ឤ-c(H+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(CO2')+c(OH),0.100024mol-L®H2c2O4UV01000mol/L=c(HCO)+c(HCO)+c(CO2-),µ¶᦮ᳮ¡2242424c(H+)=0.1000mol/L-c(HCO)+c(C2OZ)+c(OH)7B⚗c(Na+)=c()>UVU§-224NaHCO4,HC2O4-¹ºᙠᵯ¼$⊝½ºᙠ¾$⊝HC2O4¾Ḅ¼¿*¶-2

10HC2O4+H2OH2C2O4+OH,HC2O4ÀzᦪK_C(H2c2O4)•C(OH),c(HCO)-c(0H-)-c(H*)_KwJxW14-.224]n13c(HC2O4)c(HCA')-C(H-)K(HCO)5,4x10-2al224C2O4),HC2O4bḄᵯ¼!ᜧE¾!ᑣc(C2O4')>c(HCO);C⚗RᐭNaOHUVÄUV224Ḅᵯ₹³ឤ-c(Na)+c(H+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(C.O?')+c(OH),pH=7ᓽc(H+)=c(OH),ᑣc(Na+)=c(HCO)+2c(CO2)=c()+c(CO2')-c(H2c2O4)ᵫEU242424VÇÈBᜧc()<0.1000mol/L7D⚗c(Na*)=2c()>UVU§-Na2c2஺4UVḄᵯ₹³ឤ-c(Na*)+c(H+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(CO2')+c(OH),ᱥᧇ³ឤ-c(Na+)=2c(HCO)+24224c(HC2O4)+c(C2O42)],µ¶᦮ᳮ¡c(OH)-c(H+)=2c(H2C2O4)+c(HC2O4)»A⚗H2c2O4UVḄᵯ₹³ឤ-c(H+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(CO2-)+c(OH),0.100024mol-LHC2O4UV0®000mol/L=c(HCO)+c(HCO)+c(CO2'),µ¶᦮ᳮ¡2242424c(H+)=0.l000mol/L-c(HCO)+c(CO2')+c(OH),A⚗067B⚗c(Na+)=c()>UV22424U§-NaHCzOÎHC2O7¹ºᙠᵯ¼$⊝½ºᙠ¾$⊝HC?஺1¾Ḅ¼¿*¶-HCO+HOHCO+OH,HC2O4-¾zᦪ242224_c(H2JO4)-c(OH)_c(H2C2O4)-c(OH-)-c(H*)KwixIO-14-KinI3<c(HCO),B⚗┯g7C⚗RᐭNaOHU24224VÄ,UVḄᵯ₹³ឤ-c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(CO?)+c(OH),pH=7ᓽ2c(H+)=c(OH),ᑣc(Na+)=c(HCO)+2c(CO2)=c()+c(CO2')-c(HCO),ᵫEUV242424224ÇÈBᜧc()<0.1000mol/L,c(Na+)<0.1000mol/L+c(CO2')-c(H2c2O4),C⚗┯g7D⚗24c(Na+)=2c()>UVU§-Na2c2஺UVḄᵯ₹³ឤ-4c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(HC2O4)+2c(CO2')+c(OH),ᱥᧇ³ឤ-c(Na+)=2c(HCO)+24224c(HC2O4)+c(C2O?)],µ¶᦮ᳮ¡c(OH)-c(H+)=2c(H2C2O4)+c(HC2O4),D⚗067lᫀ⌱AD஺opq⚪ὃtUV¥¿©!Ḅᜧᐵª஺6UV¥¿©!ᜧᐵª>ᐜ6U§ḄÔᡂᑖ᪆UVºᙠḄ$⊝Ö×ØÙ(᝞B⚗)Ûᵨᵯ₹³ឤஹᱥᧇ³ឤ§¿³ឤ(§¿³ឤbÜiᵫᵯ₹³ឤᱥᧇ³ឤ@Ý)஺ÞßàᐭNaOHUVÄᵫEUVÇÈBᜧc()<0.1000mol/Lo15.b!ᙠáâãÈäåḄឤãæçãᘤᢥêå*¶ᢗᐭ()ᱥìí()2SO2(g)+02(g)—2s03(g)(0()1/)î¡()Ḅäᐵᦪ9᝞

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ḄA.V]KT,,p62P3C.via3(SO2)D.C2>2c3,Q2(SC)3)+a3(SC)2)<1ூᫀ௃CDூ!᪆௃ᑖ᪆$%&'ᘤḄᱯ*+,'ᘤ1-'ᘤ2%&+,'ᘤ1-'ᘤ3%&஺'ᘤ2/01ᐭ4molSO37ᦔ9ᙠ;<ᩩ>?@AᱥᢗᐭDE4moiSO2-2moiO2,'ᘤ2/FG@AᱥᱥHḄDE'ᘤ1ḄIJ+'ᘤ2;K9ᙠ'ᘤ1LM⊝OPᜧRS+,'ᘤḄTUVWEXᩭḄZ[+PᜧRSᓄ]@A^᳛`a+>V),PᜧRSM⊝ᔣ@Acᔣde+M⊝fC2>2CI+p<2pi+ai(S0)+a(S0)<1,'ᘤ1-2223'ᘤ2jk;<+KKn'ᘤ3;K9ᙠ'ᘤ1LᑮM⊝Oᓣqjk+ᓣqjkᓄ]@A^᳛`a,*>5,1=2ᓣqjkM⊝ᔣ⌮@Acᔣde+M⊝fC3ீc”P3>pi+a(S0)?@AᱥᢗᐭDE4moiSO?-2moi02,'ᘤ2/FG@AᱥᱥHḄDE'ᘤ1ḄIJ+'ᘤ2;K9ᙠ'ᘤ1LM⊝OPᜧRS+,'ᘤḄTUVWEXᩭḄZ[+PᜧRSᓄ]@A^᳛`a+U2>5,PᜧRSM⊝ᔣ@Acᔣde+M⊝fC2>2C”p<2,{(S0)+a(SO.O<1,'ᘤ1-'ᘤ2j2Pl22k;<+K|Ln'ᘤ3;K9ᙠ'ᘤ1LᑮM⊝Oᓣqjk+ᓣqjkᓄ]@A^᳛`a+>3,ᓣqjkM⊝ᔣ⌮@Acᔣde+M⊝fC3VC1+P3>P1+a(S0)U|,C1>2C|,A⚗┯nB⚗,K3pi»Up2V2P3,B⚗┯;C⚗+t)3>u”(X3(SO2)2ci,C3VC1+ᑣC>2C,ai(S0)+a(SO)<1.a(S0)%ᓄ]@A^᳛-ᓄ]M⊝Ḅ¢£ᑨ¥஺᝞'ᘤ2ᐜᐸ©ᐰ7ᦔM⊝ḄFG᝱E4moiSO?-2molCh+4moiSO?-2moi஺2EIJ'ᘤ1/ᱥHḄD+FGᱥHḄDᡂJᓄf;K9PᜧRS஺®⌱¯⚪

1216.°q±²³´(µ⌕ᡂᑖEAI2O3ஹFe2O3ஹSiO,¸DFeS2-¹º±⏚¼)EXᧇ+¾|¿2ᓄ²ÀÁÂFeOḄÃᑖÄÅÆÇ᝞?$34ஹIrtCaONaOHFeSzSO2(1)ᯏÉÊÇᙳÌ|¾SO2,ᵨNaOHÍÎᔾᦈÊDSO2ḄÑÒcÇÓE(2)Ô`l%CaO-ÕÔ`CaOḄ´ÖᯏÉ+ᐸ±×◀᳛ÙjkᓄÚÛ᝞⚪16ÜᡠÞ஺%—+l%CaO、80芟60强40200|_2004006008001000ᯏÉjk/C⚪16Üàá$âᦪ¹º±⏚¼Ḅᑖ!jkäq9600c+ᯏᐗ!"ஹ±×◀᳛=CZᯏefghᐗjklm)xl00%জÕÔ`CaOḄ´Öᙠæ9500CᯏÉf+×◀Ḅ±ᐗèµ⌕ᩭé9ঝ700࠷ᯏÉf+Ô`l%CaOḄ´Ö±×◀᳛&ÕÔ`CaOḄ´Ö±×◀᳛æ+ᐸµ⌕Xì(3)ᔣ“Êî”ÂᑮḄîÎ/ïᐭÊD82,²ᐗèðᙠḄñÓᵫ(óᓄ]Ó)ôᓄE(óᓄ]Ó)஺(4)"Êî"ÂᑮḄîö/÷ᜧDḄFe0Fez஺øùFeS2úᔠOᙠü¿ᩩ>?ᯏɾᡂFe3C)423o-SO2+ᳮý©ᐰ@AþὑḄ஺(FeS)n(FeO)=஺223ூᫀ௃(12ᑖ)(1)SO+OH-^HSO3-2(2)জFeS2ঝᐗᓄCaS04ᶇᙠ(3)NaA102Al(OH/(4)116

13ூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆᪷ᯏ!"FeSz'஺2)*+ᡂFezCh/SO?,ᙠ34CaO67SO?ᓄCaSO9“;<”"AI2O3ஹSiChᓄCDEḄNaAlChஹNa.SiOj9FezCh'FeS2JᔠLᙠMNᩩPQᯏ4!+ᡂFeOffSO234(1)TUS0'NaOH)*+ᡂNaHSCh/X0஺2(2)জ᪷⚪Z[\]ᦪ_`⏚bḄᑖcdeD/(XTC,ijkCaOḄlD500࠷ᯏ!"o◀Ḅᐗq⌕ᩭtDFeSo2ঝjkCaO,CaOvwxᵨ᪷o◀᳛Ḅ{|700࠷ᯏ!"jkl%CaOḄo◀᳛XijkCaOḄo◀᳛l஺(3)“;<”"AI2O3ஹSiChᓄCDEḄNaAQஹNaSiO,ᔣ“T”ᑮḄᐭTU23C082'NaAlC>2)*+ᡂNaHCC)3/Al(OH)3஺2(4)FezOa'FeS2JᔠLᙠMNᩩPQᯏ!.ᡂFe3O4/SO2,)*ḄᓄFeS+16Fe,0tᵯ111Fe0+2S0To2342(1)TUS0'NaOH)*+ᡂNaHSO/H0,)*ḄᓄSCh+NaOH=NaHSO3232SO+OH'=HSOa23(2)জ᪷⚪Z\]ᦪ_`⏚bḄᑖcdeD600࠷,ijkCaOḄlD500࠷ᯏ!"o◀Ḅᐗq⌕ᩭtDFeS2oঝjkCaO,CaOvwxᵨjkCaO+Ḅ)*2CaO+2SC)2+O2=2CaSO4᪷o◀᳛Ḅ{|700࠷ᯏ!"jkl%CaOḄo◀᳛XijkCaOḄo◀᳛lḄ:ᐗᓄCaSO4ᶇᙠ஺(3)“;<”"AI2O3ஹSiO?ᓄCDEḄNaAlO?ஹNaSiO,ᔣ“T”ᑮḄᐭTU23C0,CO2'NaAlOz)*+ᡂNaHCCh/Al(OH)3)*Ḅ2CO+AIO+2HO=AI(OH)3J+HCO3"ᓽAlᐗᙠḄᵫNaAKhᓄAl(OH)3஺222(4)Fe2O3'FeS2JᔠLᙠMNᩩPQᯏ!+ᡂFe3CU/SO2,)*ḄᓄFeS,+16FeCh¤+11FeO“+2sO#,ᳮ¨©ªᐰ)*¬ὑḄn(FeS):n(FeO)=1:16஺223¯°±⚪²e³´ᧇ+¶Nᓄ³/FesCUḄ·¸ὃºḄᑖ᪆FeஹAlஹSᐗ»ᐸᓄᔠᱥḄឋ¿ÀÁḄᑖ᪆ÂÃÄÅÆḄÇÈᢣ¤Ê᛻QḄÌᑏ஺᝞NaOHCᔾᦈTUSO2ᑣ¶ᱥHSO3-,FezCh'FeS2JᔠLᙠMNᩩPQᯏ!ᑣÓᨵN4xNᓄᑺÖ◤ØÙ)*ᱥ»ᵨUḄiÚ஺17.ÛÜ⏣ᙠDÞÛÜḄßàᜩᯠ¶ᱥ஺ᔠᡂÛÜ⏣Ḅãᑖäå᝞Q:

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ᑮ⏚(2-x)Al(SO4)3+3xCaCO+3xHO=^=2(1-x)Al(SO4)3-xAl(OH)3]+3xCaSO4/+3xCO/r232242ᡂᱥ(1-x)Al2(SO4)3-xAl(OH)3xḄᜧ⏚Ḅῃᦔ᳛஺(1)ᑴᜓ⏚#$ᢝ&'(#)*+,-xḄ.ᨵ(2)⏚ᔾᦈSO2ḄpH(23ᜧ"ஹ"6"ஹ"*+(3)789⏚:ᐵ<=Ḅ>'?9xḄ89.᝞ABজD⏚25.00mL,EᐭG⏚⏚ᓄḄIBaC%ᐙᑖ☟MN
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17STUឤWXY2.3300g஺ঝD⏚2.50mL,[\U25mL,Eᐭ0.1000mol-L-1EDTA᪗^25.00mL,_⁚pHa4.2,bcdᓾNᵨ0.08000moH/tuSCU᪗^g9IḄEDTAUhijὑCuSC>4᪗^20.00mL(lmAl3\Ci?+oEDTAḄᓄpqIrᙳ1B1)஺qt(1-x)Al2(SO4)3“AI(OH)3Ḅx(ᑏvqt)஺ூxᫀ௃(12ᑖ)(1)〉|3ECaCO3ḄIᡈE~ᤅ᳛(2)6»4,->2,3300g(3)25mLBn(SO)=n(BaSO)=------------A0.0100mol44233g,mol2.5mLBn(Al3+)=n(EDTA)-n(Cu2+)=0.1000mol-L-1x25.00mLxlO^L-mL^-O.OSOOOmol-L-1x20.00mLxlO-3L-mL_1=9.000xl0-4mol25mLBn(AI3+)=9.000xl0-3mol1mol(1-X)AI(SO)3-XAI(OH)243n(Al3+)=(2-x)moln(SO2')=3(l-x)mol4n(Ali+)2-x9.000x10-3mol-----------=----------=-------------------X—041n(SO)3(l-x)O.OlOOmol'ூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆B(l),-XḄᓽAḄ(CaS04Ḅᡂ஺(2)⏚ᔾᦈSO2,ឋ6pH6஺(3)᪷EᐭIBaChḄXYqtn(SO?):ᵫjὑḄCuSCUqtIḄEDTA,ᵫAjὑḄEDTAqtn(Al")᪷n(Al3*)on(SO2-)rqtxḄ஺4B(1)ᑴᜓ⏚$ᢝ&'(#)*+,-xḄᓽAḄ(CaS04ḄᡂDḄ.B〉|3ECaC03ḄIஹE~ᤅ᳛஺(2)⏚ᔾᦈSChឋ6pH6஺,2.3300g(3)25mLBn(SO)=n(BaSO)=-----------------O.OlOOmol44233g,mol-2.5mLBn(A)=n(EDTA)-n(Cu2+)=0.1000mol-L'x25.00mLxl03LmL'-0.08000mol.Lx20.00mLx10-3L-mL-I=9.000x1(f4mol25mL:n(Al3+)=9.000x10-3moiImol(l-x)Ah(SO4)3-XA1(OH)3n(Al")=(2-x)moln(SO42)=3(1-x)mol

18a2ߟ000X10.x=04Kn¤SO2§3¤1-x§O,OlOOmoliB®⚪⏚Ḅᑴᜓ°ᳮ²³ὃµ°ᳮḄᳮஹᩩ·Ḅ¸ᑴ(ᨵᐵᓄpḄqt஺⚪Ḅᐵ¹ᨵBজᔣ⏚EᐭCaCChᡂ⏚CaCChḄ½ᵨ_⁚pHAÁ#ÂSO/ÄÅᓄCaS04ÆÇBঝᳮḄ<=oÈÉg9.Ḅ9IqtᳮÊᱥË)ḄqIᐵÌ஺19.஺2ஹNaOHஹNH
CO¤ÍΧ(SO2°ᧇᑴᜓN2H42஺¤ᔠÑ0(ÒNa2so3,22ᐸÔ⌕ÈÉÖ᝞ABNaOHGHsjSOClߟ►tuI—►tuII—►tuHI------►Na£Oj►tuIV---*Na^SO,2wᔠῙGHlmB0CI+2OH-=CIO-+Cr+HO×Ø஺22ঝN2Hᵬᓃ0cia118࠷,ᐹᨵÝÞ°ឋßoNaCIOᒓáᡂN2o1
âãIᑴᜓNaCIO#ä&'å40࠷,CboNaOHᡂNaCIONaCI,3ᐸ<=;Èɸᑴ&'◀ᵨèé᜜Þ◤DḄìí஺2
âãHᔠᡂNHHOḄîM᝞⚪19ï-1ᡠñ஺NaCIOឋoÍÎᙠ40࠷242AÄó#)Nôõᓣ&U110࠷÷ø஺ÈÉ7gùᧅgEḄ:ûᵨdüýḄþḄ________________________________
19-I3
IVᵨIIIᑮḄNa2c஺3ᑴᜓNazS03H2so3ஹHSOஹSOpHḄᑖ᝞⚪19-2ᡠ!"Na2s஺3Ḅ#$%&᝞⚪19-3ᡠ!'஺

19)$/c⚪19|?|-3জ+ᤅ-+ᔣNa2c஺3/ᐭSO?ᑴᜓNaHSS஺12345678/S0Ḅ1292:;஺ঝ=⊡ᐙ@᦮ᵫNaHSOᑴᜓNa2s஺3Ḅ12CᫀEᵨF3GH⏣JK"LM"NOᒹQ஺ூSᫀ௃15ᑖ'1
3CI+6OH-5Cr+CIO>3HOU᠒/ᐭC%2322
NaCIOWឋYFᔠ[Ḅᢵ]3
জ^GḄpH,_pH`;4,78/SO?ঝ+ᤅ-+ᔣNaHSO3abNaOH"^GpH,pH`;106;78abNaOH"bdefgᨵᜧGᨔk᪆m"ᙠop34࠷ᩩstudvwூ#᪆௃ᑖ᪆EICkzNaOHᑴᜓNaCIOIIḄ;NaClOWឋzᑴᜓᔠᨴ"IIIᑖmᔠ:IVᵫSO2zNa2c0.ᑴᜓNa2so3஺1')$
v40࠷,CbzNaOH]ᓄᡂNaCIChஹNaCI0஺ᵫpCbzNaOHḄ;d";ᡂFNaCIChḄᡂ"ᑴ)$
v40࠷ஹY᠒᳛஺2'HḄ;NaCIOWឋzᑴᜓᔠῃ"ᵫpᔠ£ᐹᨵ¥¦§ឋஹ¨zNaCIOᒓªᡂN?,;¬■8ᔠ®¯°ᓄ"⌲aabNaCIOWឋ஺NaCIOWឋzᙠ110࠷²³"N2H#0µ¶`118°C,¹ᵨº»¼Ḅ½ḄEYFᔠ¾Ḅᢵ]஺3'জᔣNa2c03/ᐭSO?ᑴᜓNaHSCh"᪷À!pH`;46"HSChÂḄ᥅Äᑖᦪᨬᜧ"ᑣḄpH`;4678/ᐭSOo2ঝᵫNaHSChᑴᜓNa2so3"✌ᐜ⌕bᐭNaOHËNaHSChÌᓄ;Na2so3"᪷ÀÍÎÏÐzpHḄᐵÒᑴpH᪷ÀNa2sChḄ#$%&"34ᑖNa2sChḄCÓ஺Ô#E1')$
v40࠷,C1?zNaOH]ᓄᡂNaCIO.,ஹNaCIH?஺"ḄᓄÕCÖ×;3Cl+6NaOHÚ5NaCI+NaClO+3HO,ÜCÖ×;3C1+6OH-Ú5Cr+ClO,+3HO«ᵫpClzNaOH232222Ḅ;d";¬YFNaCIChḄᡂ"ᑴ)$
v40࠷ஹY᠒᳛12ᑴ)

20$◀ᵨàá᜜"¦◤äåḄæçèEU᠒/ᐭ02஺(2)nḄ;NaClOWឋzᑴᜓᔠῃ"ᵫpᔠ®ᐹᨵ¥¦§ឋஹ¨zNaClOᒓªᡂN2,;¬■8ᔠ¾¯°ᓄ"⌲aabNaClOWឋ"ᡠì/vaíᧅabḄèNaClOWឋ஺NaClOWឋzᙠ110࠷²³"N2Hµ¶`118C,¹ᵨº»¼Ḅ½ḄEYFᔠïḄᢵ]஺(3)জᔣNa2co3/ᐭSO2ᑴᜓNaHSCh"᪷À!pH`;46"HSCh-Ḅ᥅Äᑖᦪᨬᜧ"ᑣḄpH`;4678/ᐭSO212345678/ᐭSO2Ḅ129:;E^GḄpH,_pH`;4,78/SO?஺ঝᵫNaHSChᑴᜓNa2so”✌ᐜ⌕bᐭNaOHËNaHSOjÌᓄ;Na2so3"᪷ÀÍÎÏÐzpHḄᐵÒ"bᐭNaOHò⁚ḄpH`;10᪷ÀNa2so3Ḅ#$%&")$op34࠷᪆mNa2so3"ôp34࠷᪆mNaSO3-7HO,ᡠìöNa2s஺3÷Na2sᑴ)$op34࠷஺ᵫNaHSCh22ᑴᜓNaSOḄ12Cᫀ;:+ᤅ-+ᔣNaHSChabNaOH,^GpH,pH`;106"2378abNaOH"bdefgᨵᜧGᨔk᪆m"ᙠop34࠷ᩩstudvw"ᵨFGH⏣JK"LM"NOᒹQ஺¶øEù⚪ìᑴᜓᔠ▢Na2s஺3Ḅ12ûÖ;ük"ὃþ12ᩩsḄᑴஹ12bᧇḄ
ஹᳮḄᳮ
ᫀḄஹ⊤Ḅᜐᳮᵨ஺
ᫀḄᙠ
ᫀ⌕"#$%ᳮḄᳮ&ᔠ⊤()ᑖ᪆,⚪⌕஺20.N0(/⌕ᢣNONO2)ᜧ3/⌕45ᱥ78஺ᨵᦔ;◀ᜧ3=ḄNO*>᛻@AḄ#x⌕B⚪஺(1)ᵨCᔾᦈNOxḄFᐵHᓄJ
%᝞LM2NO(g)+H0(I)=^=HNC)3(aq)+HNO(aq)NH=-116,1kJ-mol-12223HNO(aq)^^=HNO(aq)+2N0(g)+H0(I)/\H=75.9kJ-mol-1232O3NC)2(g)+H0(I)^^2HNO(aq)+N0(g)ḄN=kJ-mol-1.,23(2)ᵨQR⏚ᔾᦈNOஹTᑮHNO3HNO2ḄVᔠWXᵯZVᔠWX[T\]ḄR⏚஺ᑏ_ᵯ□᩽Ḅᵯ᩽OMo(3)ᵨ⏚ឋ(NH2)2COCWXᔾᦈNO*,ᔾᦈ$%=cᙠHNSd(NH2)2COeᡂN2CO?ḄO஺ᑏ_ZOḄᓄJ
%Mo(4)ᙠᨵgᩩiLjklᓄᑺMlᓄNndNO,OeᡂN2஺জ1\1_dNO2eᡂpḄO=qeᡂlmolMrsḄᵯtᦪvmol஺

21ঝx8yz{Ḅ஺2ஹNH3NOxḄVᔠ3|ᒴ~ᐭᨵlᓄᑺMḄOᘤ=O⚪20-1
஺ᓄNO*ᘤ⚪20!-1OFN0XḄ;◀᳛OḄᓄ᝞⚪20-2ᡠᙠ50250࠷ᑁḼḄᓣN0*Ḅ;◀᳛ᐜ~ᓣᓣ᠒Ḅ/⌕;qO¡380cNOஹḄ;◀᳛~L¢Ḅ[%ஹ*-健太密ONூ,ᫀ௃14ᑖ¥1
-136.22
HNO-2e>HO^=3H++NO-2233
2HNO+NH
CO^^2NT+CO2/r'+3HO222224
জঝ~ᓣ¦lᓄᑺ§ឋᓣ¨ᜧdᓣᐳªN0,;◀O~᳛~¨ᜧ«ᓣ᠒¦/⌕ᓣ¬ḄNO,;◀O~᳛¨ᜧlᓄᑺ§ឋL¢«NH3d஺2Oeᡂ®NOூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆M1¥ᵨ¯°y±,஺2᪷³ᵯᳮ□᩽´eᜫᵯtḄgᓄO□᩽OvHNO2ᜫ;ᵯteᡂHNO3஺3HNO?d
NH2coOeᡂN2CO2,᪷³Tᜫᵯt¶ឤt¶ឤᑏ_
%஺2
4জNHadNO,ḄOv8NHH6NC6ᓄ7N,+12H,O,ZO=NH3=-3¸ḄNᓣ¹0¸NO?=+4¸ḄN¢¹0¸eᡂ7m0IN2rs24molᵯt஺

22ঝvOFᡠº»/⌕ὃ⇋lᓄᑺᓄJO~᳛Ḅ¾¿«NHM«dCh´elᓄgᓄOeᡂNO,ÆM(I)xÈÉHᓄJ
%ÊË2NO(g)+HO(1)=HNO(aq)+HNO(aq)AH=-116.1kJmol1(জ)22323HNO(aq)=HNO(aq)+2N0(g)+HO(1)AH=75.9kJ-moá(ঝ)232ᵨ¯°y±x(জx3+ঝ)+2TO3NO(g)+H0(I)=2HNO(aq)+N0(g)AH=(-116.1kJ-mol-1)x3+75.9223kJmol2=-136.2kJmol'o(2)᪷³ᵯᳮ□᩽´eᜫᵯtḄgᓄO□᩽OvHNChᜫ;ᵯteᡂHNChImolHNChOᜫ;2moiᵯt&ᔠt¶ឤWXᕈ⏚ឋᵯ□᩽ᵯ᩽OvHNO2-2e-+H2O=NO3*3H*஺(3)HNO2d(N&)2coOeᡂN2C02NᐗëḄᓄᔠ¸ᵫHNCh=+3¸¢¹0¸NᐗëḄᓄᔠ¸ᵫ(N&)2co=-3¸¸ᓣ¹஺¸᪷³Tᜫᵯt¶ឤt¶ឤOḄᓄJ
%v2HNO+(NH)2cO2N2T+CO2T+3H2O஺22(4)জNH3dNO2ḄOv8NH3+6NO2᦮¹^Nz+IZH?஺ZO=NH3=-3¸ḄNᓣ¹0¸NO?=+4¸ḄN¢¹0¸eᡂ7m0IN2rs24moiᵯt஺eᡂImolN2rsᵯtᦪvmol஺ঝvOFᡠº»/⌕ὃ⇋lᓄᑺᓄJO~᳛Ḅ¾¿MNH?d02´elᓄgᓄO஺ᙠ50~250࠷ᑁNO,Ḅ;◀᳛~ᓣ¦lᓄᑺ§ឋᓣ¨ᜧdᓣᐳªNOx;◀O~᳛~¨ᜧ«ᓣ᠒¦/⌕ᓣ¬Ḅ;◀O~᳛¨ᜧᓣlᓄᑺ§ឋL¢஺O¡380࠷NOxḄ;◀᳛~L¢Ḅ[N%d஺2Oeᡂ®NO,OḄᓄJ
%v4NH+5O2=^4NO+6HO«32øMù⚪ºᨵᦔ;◀NOxvú|ὃû¯°y±Ḅᵨஹᵯᳮஹᢣyü᛻L
%ḄýᑏgᓄþO=rsᵯtᦪḄÿஹ
Ḅᑖ᪆஺⌕ḄᓄᳮḄὃᓄᳮḄᳮ⚪Ḅᐵ஺21.ூ⌱!⚪௃#⚪ᒹ%AஹB()⚪*⌱+ᐸ-.)⚪/ᙠ1Ḅ2⚪34ᑁ62஺78!ᑣᢥA)⚪;ᑖ஺21.ᱥ=>᪀@ឋ=BCD(஺3)ᙠFe(H2O)6MNᓄOPQRS-ḄSO2ஹNOஹᑖVDᓄWSOXYNO,,NO*]^ᙠᐸ_ᩩaObcWN2O(1)SOX-def⍝ḄᩖᓄijWXNO,Ḅkl᪀jW(ᵨᦻo

23pq)஺(2)Fe?+s᝱᪶᜜ᵯe᣸yzW஺(3)@஺3ᑖe{W|ᵯeḄ.}▢eW(ᓄz)஺(4)N2ᑖe-o@JiḄᦪn(a)n(n)=஺(5)Fe(H2O)6M@NOᡂḄFe(NO)(H2O)5M-NONe@Fe?+ᡂ஺*ᙠFe(NO)(H2O)5M>᪀
Ḅ1⊡Ḅ஺:FaNOXHQF>᪀
ூ2ᫀ௃ᱥ=>᪀@ឋ=B(1)sp3☢()(2)Ar]3d6ᡈIs22s22P63s23P63d6(3)N0-2(4)12(5)ON-Fe-'—OHiHOூ᪆௃ᑖ᪆(I)ᵨᵯe{ᳮᑖ᪆so/--SḄᩖᓄzYNO3.Ḅkl᪀j஺(2)Fee᪶᜜ᨵ26ᵯe᪷¢᪀⌼ᳮᑏ¥s᝱FeḄ᪶᜜ᵯe᣸yz¦.§ᑏ¥Fe?♦Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯe᣸yz஺(3)ᵨ¨©ªᑏ¥03Ḅ|ᵯe஺(4)N?Ḅ>᪀zWN=N,-«1஺Y2n஺(5)᪷¢ᓄzḄNOYH2O,NO-NWeH9-O¬ᨵᵯe0We஺®(1)StV---deSḄᵯeᦪWL(6+2-4x2)+4=4,SC^¯SWsp3ᩖᓄ஺NOX--2

24deNḄᵯeᦪWlx²5+1-3x2´=0,ᡂᵯeᦪW3,ᵯeᦪW3,VSEPR»jW☢2ᵫ½Ne¬¾ᨵᵯeNCh-Ḅkl᪀jW☢²´஺²2´Fee᪶᜜ᨵ26ᵯe᪷¢᪀⌼ᳮs᝱FeḄ᪶᜜ᵯe᣸yzWIs22s22P63s23P63d64s2,s᝱Fe?+Ḅ᪶᜜ᵯe᣸yzWIs22s22P63s23P63d6஺²3´ᵨ¨©ª@{W|ᵯeḄ.}▢eWNOf஺²4´N2Ḅ>᪀zWN=N,-«1஺Y2nNzᑖe-஺@nḄᦪWn²a´n²ᐔ´=1:2஺²5´᪷¢ᓄzḄNOYH2O,NO-NWeH?O-O¬ᨵᵯeOWÌÍ#⚪“CD²஺3´ᙠFe²H2O´6MNᓄOPQRS-ḄSO?ஹNOxᑖVDᓄWSCV.YNCh.NO*]^ᙠᐸ_ᩩaObcWN2”WÐÑÒᩞὃe᪶᜜ᵯe᣸yzḄÔᑏஹeᩖᓄzḄᑨÖஹekl᪀jḄᑨÖஹ|ᵯeḄÔᑏஹ஺YnḄ×ØஹḄÔᑏ஺ÙᑏÚᵫeÛÜᵯe஺22.ÝÞᓄB3,4-ßᵬáDsâᵬ⏚.}ᵨ⌶åæḄᨵçᔠᡂ-léê½ëÝÞì^ᵨKMnCUDᓄ3,4-ßᵬáDsâᵬíᑴᜓᐸðzWÝÞ§ñ᝞O§ñ1ᔣô-õᐭ3,4-ßᵬáDsâᵬíYë÷øᤅú½70û80cüõKMnCUêý஺>þÿ
ᐭKOHឋ஺2ᔠ஺3ᔠḄᜐᳮ஺43,4-"ᵬ$%&'ᵬ⏚)*஺1
1+,-./012ᑮ,-ᕈ56⁐◤ᔣ+:
NaHSO3HSO;

25=ᓄ?(AᓄBC);
ᐭKOHឋḄEḄF(2)2+◀HḄᱥJF(AᓄBC)஺(3)3+ᜐᳮᔠḄKLMN?o(4)4+ᡠᵨḄQRᒹTஹᔾWஹXᐰWZ[஺ூ]ᫀ௃KLᓄB`(1)SO2'a,-bᡂḄ⏚=ᓄ?dឋḄe4(2)MnO2(3)ᔣ+:
e⏚fghijbkl(4)mnoᧅூq᪆௃ᑖ᪆(1),-./,-ᕈ56⁐tuKMnC>4vKMnO4ᐹᨵy%ᓄឋaHSO;%ᓄᡂS04,᪷{+,-|ᳮ
ᐭKOHa=ᓄ?d}fḄH(2)MnO2~}f2+FjjJḄq2+◀HḄᱥJFMnCh஺(3)3+ᔠḄ+⌕ᡂᑖ?JM?ᑴ◤⌕aᔠḄ⏚ᓄ஺(4)QRᓽdN]஺q(I),-./,-ᕈ56⁐tuKMnChvKMnCl,ᐹᨵy%ᓄឋaHSCh%ᓄᡂSO?,,-ḄC?2MnCV+3HSO;=2MnO2i+3SO/-+H2O+H*஺᪷{+,-|ᳮ
ᐭKOHaj=ᓄ?d•fḄ

26OOK(2)MnCh~}f2+FḄq2+◀HḄᱥJFMnO2஺(3)3+ᔠḄ+⌕ᡂᑖ?◤⌕aᔠḄ⏚ᓄ;ᜐᳮᔠḄKLMN?ᔣ+:
e⏚fghijbkl஺(4)ᡠᵨḄQRᒹTmnoᧅஹᔾWஹXᐰWZ[஺⚪“3,4-"ᵬ$%&'ᵬ⏚ḄᑴᜓKL”?¡¢£qBb¤KLᓄB¥¦ᙽḄB¨©ªὃ¬ᱥJḄᑖ®ஹKLḄ⊡ᐙஹ&KLQR±ᘤஹᑭᵨᡠB´µq¶·⚪Ḅ¸¹,q⚪Ḅᐵ»F᪷{KL|ᳮ᦮*qKL½¾KLEḄN]஺|}~ᐰᦻ⚜ᧇᑁᑮW☢Ḅ⚓ᑤ◀Lᵨ

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