高考数学《有理数章末测试卷（培优）》重难点试题-带解析

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ᔁᔁὃᫀ⚪᪆.⌱⚪ᐳ10⚪,ᑖ30ᑖ,!⚪3ᑖ1.3ᑖ2021᧡•⏀'()*+ᕒ-.4012☢,ᐸ567᪗9*:Ḅ<ᦪ>?@ᦪ,AB᪗9*:Ḅ<ᦪ>?Cᦪ,D*:ḄEFG,ᨬIJ᪗9ḄKLMA.-3.5B.+0.7C.-2.5D.-0.6ூ⚪XY௃[\!]ᦪḄ^_`,᪷b^_`Ḅᜧd\^_`ᨬḄᦪᓽf.ூ7g௃h-0.6|<|+0.71<|-2.5|<|-3.5|,-0.6ᨬIJ᪗9kᦑ⌱:஻.2.3ᑖ2021᧡•ᩰpq᪥s(5ᙠ0.2,--5,2ஹvw0,5x-1/k-2]--22{|]ᦪ5k}CᦪᨵA.4]B.5]C.6]D.7]ூ⚪XY௃᪷bᜧ~~0ḄᦪM}Cᦪ,fᫀ.ூ7g௃:0.2>0,--5>0,15%>0,0=0M}Cᦪkᦑ⌱:413.3ᑖ2021᧡•ᚁq᪥sᨴὃᙠ-2,-2,0,3{]ᦪ5kᨬḄᦪM1A.-2B.2c.0D.3ூ⚪XY௃᪷bᨵᳮᦪḄᜧᓽf.1—2V—<0<3ூ7g௃h2,{]ᦪ5kᨬḄᦪM-2.ᦑ⌱h44.3ᑖ2021᧡•q᪥sᨴὃᙠ73]ᨴḄ⍝,ᡃ✌¡¢£“ᜩ¦§”ᘤ~2021ª5ᨴ15«¬¬®ᙠ¯ᡲ±²³ᓭµḄ⚜⌱Ḽ▮qk¹\ºᡃ▭¼gḄ½⌕¿,À?ᙢᳫḄJÃ,ᑮᙢᳫḄᨬJÅÆÇ?5500ÈᓟÊ,Ë5500ÈᵨÍÎ1⚓ᐳ10⚓

1>ᦪÐ⊤ÒÓ?A.5.5X103B.5.5X106C.5.5X107!.5.5X1O10ூ⚪XY௃ÍÎ>ᦪÐḄ⊤Ò×Ø?aX10஻Ḅ×Økᐸ5?᦮ᦪ.ÛÜ஻Ḅ`Ýk⌕GÞ³ᦪßᡂaÝkᦪáâãºäåæ,nḄ^_`ᦪáâãḄæᦪçè.é³ᦪ^_`ê10Ý,nM@ᦪ;é³ᦪḄ^_`ì1Ýk஻MCᦪ.ூ7g௃:5500È=55000000=5.5X1஺7,ᦑ⌱:C.5.3ᑖ2020î•ïᓭð()ᦪñòáAóá8⊤ÒḄᦪᑖõM-1ó3,áPᑮ/ஹ6÷áḄÅÆøó?6,ᑣá஺⊤ÒḄᦪM-5-4-3-2-1~0~1~2~3~4~5^A.-3B.-3ᡈ5C.-2D.-2ᡈ4ூ⚪XY௃᪷b"?ḄÅÆ?4,~6,ᑖáᡝᙠáAḄþÿ
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2=20+15,=35#/#?%.ᦑ⌱:஻.7.#3ᑖ%#2020H•K%ᨵyᨵᳮᦪaஹ᝞<0,a+6<0,Z[#%A.a>0">0B.a<0,b<0C.aஹ66kᦪḄᜧD.aஹ6,lᦪḄᜧூ⚪gh௃᪷jᩩ¢ᑨ¤aஹ6¥0Ḅᜧ¦ᐵ¨.ூ©..ᓃ6<0,ᓡ8<0,...aஹ66lᦪḄᜧ6ᦑ⌱:஻.8.#3ᑖ%#2020H•®¯°K%±ᑡ²³koḄᨵ#%জµಘ=ಘ6ᑣa=3;ঝ|a|=a,ᑣa>0;ঞ|a|=-a,ᑣaWO;টµ|a|=|᝞ᑣA.1yB.2yC.3y1%.4yூ⚪gh௃᪷jḄmnজঝঞᑨ¤;᪷j½Ḅmnটᑨ¤.ூ௃:µY=|¾6ᑣ@=±஺,ᡠYজ┯ÂÃa|=a,ᑣaÄO,ᡠYঝ┯ÂÃa\--a,ᑣaWO,ᡠYঞkoõ|a|=|Z>|,ᑣ/=",ᡠYটko.ᦑ⌱:~>+Æ=_xy9.#3ᑖ%#2020H•ÊᛞÌ᪥ÎK%ÏÐÑÒᨵᳮᦪÓÔÕÖxx2,ᑣx-#%A.IB.-IC.2D.-2>+Æ=_ூ⚪gh௃ᵫÑÒᨵᳮᦪÓÔÕÖxx2,:xV0,yV0,s᪷jᨵᳮᦪḄ½◀³³ᑣYÛḄឋÝᓽ.Þ+ᵯ=_ூ௃•.•ÑÒᨵᳮᦪÓÔà2,xVO,y<0,3⚓ᐳ10⚓

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τ3τ0τë■[C.1-44!89--Iτ~~r-1τ012I42î1!"1:67î9Qî1τττᑣ5y᪾ᨬ±☢xḄᦪñA#%A.1296B.2809C.3136D.4225ூ⚪gh௃òóêôÐ,xõᔣ4ᑖ-yäᦪᓝäᦪøḄå,ùyᦪḄåᓰyû,åAxäᦪḄü☢Ḅûᵨ0ý⊡6ëõ42yûÿᔣᦪḄᦪḄḄ2,ᯠᓽᦪḄ,᪷ᓽூ!"#௃:&ᦪḄᓝᦪb,ᦪa,᪷⚪*+,20axb=aX100,2ab=10a,,b=5,XV2^=30,.'.a—3,ᦪ53.532=2809.ᦑ⌱:ᡃ=.>?⚪@ᐳ6C⚪,Dᑖ18ᑖ,FC⚪3ᑖG211.@3ᑖG@2021᧡•᜽KLMNGOa-2.5Ḅ᎔ᦪ,ᑣaḄSᦪ5ூ⚪TU௃᪷᎔ᦪḄVW,XaḄY+᪷SᦪḄVW,X!ᫀ.ூ!"#௃:᪷᎔ᦪḄVW,:h@-2.5G=1,2,a=F4]4⚓ᐳ10⚓

422᪷SᦪḄVW+_`ḄSᦪ2ᦑ!ᫀS12.@3ᑖG@2021᧡•abLMNGcd᪍ᦻᓄ⍡ᙬjkl2018m6ᨴ26opkqᩭ,sᑮcᜧvwḄx᰿+z{|Fᜩ~vw1.03,ᐸNᦪ1.03ᑮ.ூ⚪TU௃᪷ᦪḄ.ூ!"#௃:ᦪ1.03=10300,ᑮ.ᦑ!ᫀ:.184-9—X15=-149—13.@3ᑖG@2020•MNGᵨ1919.„181—9——10H---ூ⚪TU௃19ᓄ19,᪷ᑖ.=@-10+—Gx15ூ!"#௃:19+15+—ߟ=-150194=-149—19.4—149—ᦑ!ᫀ19.14.@3ᑖG@2020•ᾓLMG᝞¢£¤¥ᙠᦪ§¨@ᦪ§Ḅ1ᓫª2M,O£¤¨1«¬3cwᑖ¯°±ᦪ§¨Ḅ1¬0,ᑣ£¤¨4.2cq°±ᦪ§¨Ḅᦪ-0.6.543210____________||I||-1111II11|■-101ூ⚪TU௃᪷ᦪ§¨²Ḅ⊤´,µ~ᑨ·ᓽ.ூ!"#௃:£¤¨1஺q¬3¹ᑖ¯°±ᦪ§¨Ḅ1¬0,@3-1G4-@1-0G=2,ᑣ£¤¨4.2M°±ᦪ§¨Ḅᦪ0-@4.2-3G+2=-0.6.ᦑ!ᫀ-0.6.15.@3ᑖG@2021᧡•»¼½LMNG¾¿@2x-4G2+|ᡝ2y-8|=0,ᑣ@x-02021=-஺ூ⚪TU௃ᵫÄÅᦪḄ*WXῚyḄY+ÇÈᐭᓽ.ூ!"#௃Ê@2x-4M+Iᡝ2ᔆ8|=0,]5⚓ᐳ10⚓

52x-4=0,x+2y-8=0,,,x=2,y=3,(-y)2021=(-3)2021=(-1)2021=-1,x2ᦑ!ᫀ-1.16.(3ᑖ)(2020•TÏL᪥ÑMN)᝞Ò,ÓÔᑮᙠFCÕÖN>ᐭ_᦮ᦪ,Ø,ᐸNÙ*ÚÛÕÖNᡠ>᦮ᦪݬÞß,OàáÕÖNᡠ>᦮ᦪݬ1684,ᑣ0ḄYq1006ᡈ1010.ூ⚪TU௃᪷⚪*,஺=9,ᯠ,9+(-5)+1=5,ᯠᢥ᯿,ḄY.ூ!"#௃ᵫ⚪*¿:9+a+3=a+åc,c=9,b—1,".a=-5.V9+(-5)+1=5,1684+5=336…4,ç5+4=9,9-5=4,.•.è=335X3+1=1006ᡈá=336X3+2=1010.ᦑ!ᫀ1006ᡈ1010.Ú.!⚪(ᐳ7C⚪+Dᑖ52ᑖ)17.(6ᑖ)(2020•êÞL᪥Ñᨴὃ)প-3+(-7)-(+15)-(-5);35(2)1.5+2410124.75.ூ⚪TU௃(1)ᐜïðᓄ,Çñᑣ,Ê(2)᪷ïòᔠôõö¬ôᑣ,.ூ!"#௃(1)=-3-7-15+5=-25+5=-20;5=1.5+2.75-10——4.756]6⚓ᐳ10⚓

615---10---21211=-10—1218.(6ᑖ)(2020•ᜩ÷M):256(4912,-36Ê1(2)(-2ø+(-3)X[(-4)2X2,2°ூ⚪TU௃(1)ᐜú◀ðᓄ,ᯠ᪷ᑖᓽ!ü⚪;(2)᪷ᨵᳮᦪḄஹᨵᳮᦪḄ⚪.357,1ூ௃(1)(]§12"36357=(-4-§+')X36357=--X--X+——X4369361236=-27-20+21--26;1ফ(-2”+(-3)X[(-4)2X2,214]=(-8)+(-3)X(16X2X2-1)=(-8)+(-3)X(64-1)=(-8)+(-3)X63=(-8)+(-189)=-197.19.(8ᑖ)(20201•3□567)᝞9:ᙠᦪ<="ஹBஹC@Aᡠ⊤DḄᦪᑖEFaஹbஹc,I4ஹᓰKAᑮMAḄNOPQ.a_(1)R6=஺T1(2)Uaஹbஹcஹ-஺ᢥWXᑮᜧḄZ[᣸ᑡ:^ᵨ“V”bcdᩭ.CBA-------•-------:------•--------------►cb0aூ⚪fg௃(1)᪷ijFPkᦪḄKlᦪḄF0,ᖪF-1noᓽ.7q7⚓ᐳ10⚓

7(2)᪷itᦪ,Õa-6ḄÖ.ூ⚪fg௃(1)✌ᐜ᪷iaV6<0

8জᡭð-21"=27;ঝa=21,஺=27,Û½¾ᓽ.ூ௃প•♦•a<6<0Vc,a-Z><0,a^b<0,c-a>0,a-Ñ+|a^b\-\c-a\=b-a-a-b-c+a=-a-c\(2)VI-a|=21,|+Ñ=27,.a=+21,6=±27,a+Z>|—a^b,a+820,.•.জa=-21,ð=27,ᑣa-Z>=-21-27=-48;ঝa=21,6=27,ólja-0=21-27=-6.ᦑa-6ḄÖF-48ᡈ-6.22.(8ᑖ)(20201•Zõ5᪥Êᨴὃ)᝞9,lAWᦪ<=ḄMAøù,ᐜᔣwúû3lᓫýþÿ,
ᔣ5ᓫ,⊤Ḅᦪ-2.᯿ᡠḄ,ᡂ"#$%&46'ᦪ()Ḅ.*------------\---►,,./1,r-3-2-101234(1)0A⊤ᦪ-3,1Aᔣ25ᓫ34,ᑣ4⊤Ḅᦪ2;9(2)0/⊤ᦪ2,17ᐜᔣ7ᓫ,
ᔣ29ᓫ3A,ᑣᑘ⊤Ḅᦪ21;<(3)016ᐜᔣ3ᓫ,
ᔣ26ᓫ,⊤Ḅᦪា>0.ᑣ6ᡠ⊤Ḅᦪ-3;1V-V(4)4,A,ᓰ⊤ḄᦪᢥA4ᑮᜧḄDE᣸ᑡHI22.2ூK⚪MN௃(1)᪷Rᦪ()Ḅᔣ2STᔣSU,V4⊤ḄᦪW(2)᪷Rᦪ()Ḅᔣ2STᔣSU,VA⊤ḄᦪW2(3)᪷Rᦪ()Ḅᔣ2STᔣSU,V6⊤ḄᦪWX9⚓ᐳ10⚓

9(4)ᙠᦪ()2^Ḅ⊤Ḅᦪᜧ_^Ḅ⊤Ḅᦪ,H`ᓽbK.ூKcde௃K$(1)0A⊤ᦪ-3,1Aᔣ25ᓫ3Ji,ᑣ4⊤Ḅᦪ-3+5=2;9(2)0o⊤ᦪ2,1Aᐜᔣ7ᓫ,
ᔣ29ᓫ3q,ᑣo2⊤Ḅᦪ91+-=—2-722.(3)018ᐜᔣ3ᓫ,
ᔣ26ᓫ,⊤Ḅᦪា>0.ᑣ᜛ᡠ⊤Ḅᦪ0-6+3=-3;1V—V(4)4,o2,஻⊤ḄᦪᢥA4ᑮᜧḄDE᣸ᑡHI-322.11—V—Vᦑcᫀ{:2;2W-3W-322.23.(8ᑖ)(2021᧡○᪥ᨴὃ)°=-2,ᩞফ=(-2)(-2),Mব=(-2)(-2)X(-2),=(-2)x(-2)X-x(-2)#(„)n-2(ᐸ஻{᦮ᦪ).(1):5)+(6)W(2)b2I2019)+ᦈ2020)ḄW(3)¡2Mg%¢ᵪ)¤{¥ᦪ.=(-2)x(-2)x-x(-2)ூK⚪MN௃প᪷Rᦈ஻)n-2(ᐸ஻{᦮ᦪ)V§5),যW᪷RᨵᳮᦪḄT«VcᫀW(2)᪷R¬Ḅ,V,1/(2019),^(2020),᪷RᨵᳮᦪḄT«VcᫀW(3)᪷R¬Ḅ,V¯஻(T1),᪷RᨵᳮᦪḄT«,Vcᫀ.ூKcde௃K$(1)/ম+mয=(-2)5+(-2)6=-32+64=32;(2)2^2019)+^(2020)=2X(-2)2019+(_2)2020=-(-)X(-2)2019+(-2)2020=-(-2)2020+(-2)22020—Q.ব2³”)+µ1)=-(-2)X(-2)/,+(-2)fl+1=-(-2)^+(-2)T1=0,..2/ফ¸஻(T!)¤{¥ᦪ.10X10⚓ᐳ10⚓