上海市松江二中2021-2022学年高三下学期线上5月测评英语试题 Word版含解析

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2021学年高三第二学期阶段性检测英语试卷(完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分)I.ListeningComprehension(30分)SectionA(共10分，每小题1分。每小题只有一个正确答案。)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inahospital.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atabank.D.Atacinema.2.A.15minutes.B.30minutes.C.45minutes.D.60minutes.3.A.Visithermother.B.Buysomelunch.C.Gotoacafeteria.D.Sendhermothertohospital.4.A.Theyneedtopreparemorefoodfortheparty.B.Notmorethan100peoplewillattendtheparty.C.Hehasinvitedmorethan100peopletotheparty.D.Thereisnoneedtoworryabouttonight’sweather.5.A.Cuttingdownonsmoking.B.Nottakingmedicineontime.CNeglectingthedoctor’sadvice.D.Nothavingenoughsleep.6.A.Carpetcleaners.B.Specialmaterials.C.Shoes.D.Cellphones.7.A.Keepquietinclass.B.Talktotheprofessor.C.Arriveatclasspunctually.D.Borrownotesfromhisclassmates.8.A.Thewomanshouldbeintheplay.BHeplanstosingasongforthemusical.C.Thewomanhadbetterasksomeoneelse.D.Heisinterestedinjoiningthedramaclub.9.A.Heistoosicktohaveanyvisitor.B.Hehaschangedhisplan.C.Hisflightwascancelled.D.Hisflightwasdelayed.

110.A.He’llhelpthewomanpayherphonebill.B.Healsohasaveryhighphonebillthismonth.C.Thewomanshouldcontactthephonecompany.D.Thewomanshouldmakefewerlong-distancecalls.SectionB(共20分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确答案。)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itmakesbacteriaunabletosurvive.B.Itdrivesbacteriaoutofthefood.C.Itdissolveseasilyinwater.D.Itproduceslittlewater.12.A.Greedypeople.B.Unimportantpeople.C.Richpeople.D.Diligentpeople.13.A.Itcouldbeusedtoproduceotherthings.B.Itservedascurrencyintrade.C.Itwasusefulandrare.D.Itwaseasytoget.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theyfeedonotheranimals’deadbodies.B.Theyarenowmorefriendlytohumanbeings.C.Theyfeelsadforothergroupmembers’death.D.Theyhaveabiggerpopulationthantheyusedto.15.A.Aconservationist’sencouragement.B.Theapproachingschoolsciencefair.C.Hisinterestinwildanimals.D.Theraresightofthisanimal.16.A.Theymoveditbackhome.B.Theyoftenpaidvisitstoit.

2C.Theystayedawayfromit.D.Theykeptitcompanyallday.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Ajewelleryshop.B.Anattemptedcrime.C.Astolennecklace.D.Anunusualcheat.18.A.It’sunusual.B.It’scommon.C.It’sdifferent.D.It’seasy.19.A.Theyweremembersofagang.B.Theywereshopassistants.C.Theywerehermanagers.D.Theywerepolicemen.20.A.Disappointed.B.Worried.C.Relieved.D.Understanding.II.GrammarandVocabulary(25分)SectionA(共10分，每小题1分。)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithaseverepaindisease,JakeSmithfromColoradoleanedonmusictocope.TheproblemfirststartedforSmithwhenhewasafreshmaninhighschool.Hesufferedaconcussion(脑震荡)whileplayingbasketball.Thesymptomsdidn’tseemtogoawayafterseveralmonths.Doctorsdiscoveredasmallfracture(裂痕)inSmith’sskull____1____wascausingthepressureandtheheadaches.Theteenagerhadsurgerytorepairit,butwhenhewokeup,theproblemwasmuchworse.Formonths,hewasinnearconstantpain.“ItwasthefirsttimeinmylifethatI____2____(experience)apainsevereenoughtoactuallyunderstandwhypeoplewouldkillthemselvesbecauseofthepain,”Smithsaid.DoctorseventuallydiagnosedhimwithTrigeminalNeuralgia(三叉神经痛),adisorderthatcausesseverepainintheface.T.N.,____3____it’salsocalled,getsworseovertimeandisincurable.Doctorscallitsuicidediseasebecausetheythinkit’s____4____(painful)thingahumancanexperience.Andtheyestimatethat25percentofpeoplewhohavethisdiseaseendupkillingthemselves.____5____(Face)thatawfulreality,Smithturnedtosomethinghe’dknownsincehewasfiveyearsold—playingthepiano.____6____hewasintoomuchpaintosleep,hewouldbeinthebasementonhiskeyboardplayingallnightlong.Thekeyswouldn’ttakethepainaway,butthenoteswouldmakeitmorebearable.Whiledealingwiththeimmensepain,thethen-18-year-oldwrotehisfirstalbum,Loreto.Hepublishedall17songsonhiswebsite,freeforall,____7____(aim)tooffersomecomforttopeoplealsogoingthroughpain.

3ThatideapromptedSmith____8____(start)songdedications(为别人写歌).HewouldtakerequestswithinonlinegroupsforpeoplesufferingfromT.N.orotherpaindisordersandwritepersonalizedmelodiesforthem.____9____hisownsuffering,hecomposedsongslike“AdinaDefeatsDespair,”“Maija’sWaterfall”and“Marsha’sSnowyMountain,”sometimesbasedonaperson’srequestedpeacefulplace.“AlotofpeoplesaythatwhenIwritethemasongandtheylistentoit,theirpainisalittlelessened.So,Iguessthat’s____10____Ikeepdoingit,”hesaid.The20-year-oldhassofarpublishedover100songsonhiswebsite.HiseffortstohelppeoplewithT.N.haveexpandedtoincludeotherpaindiseases,aswellascancer.【答案】1.that##which2.hadexperienced3.as4.themostpainful5.Facing6.When/Whenever7.aiming8.tostart9.Despite10.why【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了因打篮球遭遇了脑震荡，头骨出现裂痕的JackSmith被诊断为“人类所能经历的最痛苦的事情”的三叉神经痛，当他痛得无法入睡时，他就会在地下室的弹上一整夜钢琴，他在自己的网站上发布了自己的17首歌曲，也促发他为其他病友写歌，来帮助减轻他们的痛苦。【1题详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：医生在史密斯的头骨上发现了一个小裂痕，这个裂痕导致了压力和头痛问题。根据句子结构可知，asmallfracture为先行词，为物，在定语从句中作主语，设空处应用关系代词that/which，引导定语从句。故填that/which。【2题详解】考查时态。句意：这是我人生中第一次体验到一种严重到足以让我真正理解为什么人们会因为疼痛而自杀的疼痛。此处为固定句型Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.，意为“这是某人第一次做某事的时候”，从句中应用过去完成时态。故填hadexperienced。【3题详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：三叉神经痛，正如它的名字，会随着时间的推移而恶化，是无法治愈的。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为整个主句，设空处应填关系代词as，意为“正如”。故填as。【4题详解】

4考查形容词最高级。句意：医生称之为自杀病，因为他们认为这是人类所能经历的最痛苦的事情。设空处在宾语从句中作表语thing的前置定语，根据句意，此处应用最高级，表示三叉神经痛是所有疾病中最痛苦的病。故填themostpainful。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这个可怕的现实，史密斯转向了他从五岁起就知道的东西——弹钢琴。根据句子结构，设空处为非谓语动词，face与逻辑主语Smith为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填Facing。【6题详解】考查状语从句引导词。句意：当他痛得无法入睡时，他就会在地下室的键盘上弹上一整夜。设空处引导状语从句，应用when/whenever，表述Smith去地下室弹钢琴的时间；设空处在句首，单词首字母要大写；故填When/Whenever。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在自己的网站上免费发布了所有17首歌曲，旨在给那些也在经历痛苦的人一些安慰。根据句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，主语He与动词aim之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填aiming。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个想法促使史密斯开始为别人写歌。此处考查动词短语promptsb.todosth.，意为“促使……做……”，设空处应填动词不定式tostart作宾语补足语。故填tostart。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他自己经历了苦难，但他创作了《Adina战胜绝望》、《Maija的瀑布》和《Marsha的雪山》等歌曲，有时基于一个人要求的安静的地方创作的。根据句意，设空处后是一个名词短语，与其后为转折关系，应用介词despite，设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填Despite。【10题详解】考查表语从句的连接词。句意：所以，我想这就是我一直这么做的原因。上句“AlotofpeoplesaythatwhenIwritethemasongandtheylistentoit,theirpainisalittlelessened.(很多人说，当我给他们写一首歌，他们听的时候，他们的痛苦会减轻一点。)”，空格处引导表语从句，设空处应用连接词why作状语，表“我一直为别人写歌”的原因。故填why。SectionB(共15分，每小题1.5分。)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

5A.dateB.currentC.timelyD.approachE.propertiesF.literallyG.applicationsH.alternativeI.implementationJ.leaksK.potentiallyResearchershaveusedliquidmetalstoturncarbondioxidebackintosolidcoal,inaworld-firstbreakthroughthatcouldtransformour____11____tocarboncaptureandstorage.TheresearchteamledbyRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,havedevelopedanewtechniquethatcanefficientlyconvertCO2fromagasintosolidparticlesofcarbon.PublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,theresearchoffersa(n)____12____pathwayforsafelyandpermanentlyremovingthegreenhousegasfromouratmosphere.CurrenttechnologiesforcarboncaptureandstoragefocusoncompressingCO2intoaliquidform,transportingittoasuitablesiteandinjectingitunderground.But____13____hasbeenhindered(阻碍)byengineeringchallenges,issuesaroundeconomicfeasibilityandenvironmentalconcernsaboutpossible____14____fromthestoragesites.RMITresearcherDrTorbenDaenekesaidconvertingCO2intoasolidcouldbeamoresustainableapproach.“Whilewecan’t____15____turnbacktime,turningcarbondioxidebackintocoalandburyingitbackinthegroundisabitlikerewindingtheemissionsclock,”Daeneke,anAustralianResearchCouncilDECRAFellow,said.“To____16____,CO2hasonlybeenconvertedintoasolidatextremelyhightemperatures,makingitindustriallyunfeasible.”Byusingliquidmetalsasacatalyst,we’veshownit’spossibletoturnthegasbackintocarbonatroomtemperature,inaprocessthat’sefficientandscalable.Whilemoreresearchneedstobedone,it'sacrucialfirststeptodeliveringsolidstorageofcarbon.”HowthecarbonconversionworksLeadauthor,DrDornaEsrafilzadeh,aVice-Chancellor’sResearchFellowinRMIT’sSchoolofEngineering,developedtheelectrochemicaltechniquetocaptureandconvertatmosphericCO2tostorablesolidcarbon.ToconvertCO2,theresearchersdesignedaliquidmetalcatalystwithspecificsurface____17____thatmadeitextremelyefficientatconductingelectricitywhilechemicallyactivatingthesurface.Thecarbondioxideisdissolved(溶解)inabeaker(无柄塑料杯)filledwithanelectrolyteliquidandasmallamountoftheliquidmetal,whichisthenchargedwithanelectrical____18____.TheCO2slowlyconvertsintosolidflakesofcarbon,whicharenaturallydetached(脱离)fromtheliquidmetalsurface,allowingthecontinuousproductionofcarbonaceoussolid.Esrafilzadehsaidthecarbonproducedcouldalsobeusedasanelectrode.

6“Asidebenefitoftheprocessisthatthecarboncanholdelectricalcharge,becomingasupercapacitor(电容器),soitcould____19____beusedasacomponentinfuturevehicles.Theprocessalsoproducessyntheticfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrial____20____.”【答案】11.D12.H13.I14.J15.F16.A17.E18.B19.K20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了皇家墨尔本理工大学领导的研究小组开发了一种新技术，可以有效地将二氧化碳气体转化为固体碳颗粒，通过这个技术转化二氧化碳的原理和意义、用途。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：研究人员已经使用液态金属将二氧化碳转化为固体煤炭，这是世界上首次突破，可能会改变我们捕捉和储存碳的方法。分析句子结构可知，设空处处于先行词为breakthrough的定语从句中，作宾语，应用名词approach，意为“方法”，此处考查名词短语anapproachto...，意为“做……的方法”。故选D项。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：这项研究发表在《自然通讯》杂志上，为安全、永久地清除大气中的温室气体提供了一个非传统的途径。根据设空处前后词汇，应用形容词alternative，意为“可供替代的，非传统的”，做前置定语，修饰名词pathway。故选H项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：但工程的挑战、经济可行性问题以及储存地点可能泄漏的环境问题的担忧，阻碍了（二氧化碳储存的）实施。根据句子结构，设空处为句子的主语，应填名词implementation，意为“实施，执行”，动词短语hindertheimplementation，意为“阻碍实现”。故选I项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：但工程的挑战、经济可行性问题以及储存地点可能泄漏的环境问题的担忧，阻碍了（二氧化碳储存的）实施。根据句子结构和意思，设空处应用名词leaks，意为“泄漏出的液体（或气体）”，作about的宾语。故选J项。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：虽然我们不能真正地让时间倒流，但把二氧化碳重新变成煤，然后把它埋在地下，有点像把排放时钟倒回。根据句子结构和意思，设空处应用副词literally

7，意为“真正地，确实地”，修饰动词turnback，作状语。故选F项。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，二氧化碳仅在极高温度下转化为固体，这使得它在工业上是不可行的。此处考查介词短语todate，意为“至今，迄今为止”，作时间状语，设空处应应填date。故选A项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：为了转化二氧化碳，研究人员设计了一种具有特定表面特性的液态金属催化剂，使其在导电的同时非常有效地导电，同时化学激活表面。根据句子结构和意思，设空处应用名词properties，意为“属性，特性”，介词短语withspecificsurfaceproperties，意为“具有特定的表面特性”，该名词作with的宾语。故选E项。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：二氧化碳被溶解在一个装满电解质液体和少量液态金属的烧杯中，然后给它充电。根据句子结构和意思，设空处在with后，应用名词current，意为“水流，气流，电流”，此处考查名词短语anelectricalcurrent，意为“电流”，作with的宾语。故选B项。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：该过程一个附带好处是碳可以保持电荷，成为超级电容器，因此它可能被用作未来车辆的组件。根据句子结构和意思，设空处应用副词potentially，意为“可能地，潜在地”，修饰动词beusedas…，作状语。故填K项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：该工艺还可以生产合成燃料作为副产品，它也可以有工业应用。根据句子结构和意思，设空处应用名词applications，意为“应用、用途”，此处考查名词短语industrialapplications，意为“工业应用”，在syntheticfuel为先行词的定语从句中作宾语。故选G项。III.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(共15分，每小题1分。)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestareindescribable.Itisimpossibleto____21____onfilm,todescribeinwords,ortoexplaintothosewhohaveneverhadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.Rainforestshave____22____overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyaretoday.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand____23____renewablenaturalresourcesthatforages,byvirtueoftheirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecies,have____24____awealthofresourcesforthesurvival

8andwell-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsupplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices,industrialrawmaterials,andmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.____25____,theinnerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate(错综复杂的)andfragilesystem.Everythingisso____26____thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadly,ithastakenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto____27____forever.Thescaleofhuman____28____onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen—atacostofour____29____.In2001,TheWorldResourcesInstituteestimatedthatthedemandforrice,wheat,andcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020,increasingirrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebytheyear2050;____30____,itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworld’sdemandforwood.In1950,about15percentoftheEarth’slandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Today,morethanhalfhasalreadygoneupin____31____.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld’stropicalrainforestshavefallen____32____tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievably,morethan200,000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeveryday,and78millionacreslosteveryyear!Morethan20percentoftheAmazonrainforestisalreadygone,andmuchmoreisseverelythreatenedasthedestructioncontinues.ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarateof20,000squaremilesayear.Ifnothingisdonetocurb(抑制)this____33____,theentireAmazoncouldwellbegonewithinfiftyyears.Massive____34____bringswithitmanyuglyconsequences—airandwaterpollutionsoilerosion,malariaepidemics,thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereandthe____35____ofbiodiversitythroughextinctionofplantsandanimals.Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.21.A.maintainB.captureC.claimD.prove22.A.changedB.evolvedC.expandedD.existed23.A.energizingB.healingC.isolatingD.breathing24.A.contributedB.storedC.reducedD.affected25.A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Otherwise26.A.activeB.sensitiveC.interdependentD.delicate27.A.restoreB.supportC.reviveD.last

928.A.pressureB.powerC.concernD.strength29.A.existenceB.ecosystemC.planetD.survival30.A.unfortunatelyB.consequentlyC.naturallyD.similarly31.A.storeB.foodC.smokeD.wealth32.A.subjectB.downC.apartD.victim33.A.trendB.practiceC.increaseD.attitude34.A.protectionB.industrializationC.modernizationD.deforestation35.A.appearanceB.explosionC.lossD.increase【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.A25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.D35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。雨林生态系统经过几百万年的进化变成了现在这么复杂的系统，雨林呈现出生物多样性，但同时也很脆弱，物种之间息息相关，雨林因为要满足人类的经济发展和人口增长的需要而被人类肆意破坏，雨林正在以惊人的速度消失，同时因此产生了多个恶果。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不可能用胶片拍摄，用语言描述，或解释给从没有去过雨林深处体验过这种令人惊叹的经历的人。A.maintain保持；B.capture拍摄；C.claim声称；D.prove证实。上文“Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestareindescribable.(原始雨林的美丽、庄严和永恒是无法形容的。)”可知，雨林的美只能亲自去体验，电影都无法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘，故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。A.changed改变；B.evolved进化；C.expanded扩大，增加；D.existed存在。根据句意，雨林变成现在的状态，是经历了几百万年的进化才形成的，evolved符合语境。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A.energizing使人充满活力；B.healing治疗；C.isolating隔离；D.breathing呼吸。根据句意，and前后两个词都强调活着的，现在分词作定语，修饰naturalresources，breathing符合语境。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A.contributed有助于，贡献；B.

10stored储存，容纳；C.reduced减少；D.affected影响。根据句意，雨林中丰富的动植物为人类的生存做出了贡献，contributed符合语境。故选A项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，热带雨林的内部动态是一个复杂而脆弱的系统。A.However然而；B.Furthermore而且；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。由下句“Everythingisso　　　6　　　　thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.(一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。)”可知，上文写的雨林的丰富性，此处借助于however，介绍了雨林的脆弱性，与上文形成对比。故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。A.active活跃的；B.sensitive善解人意的；C.interdependent相互依赖的；D.delicate脆弱的。根据句意，“牵一发而动全身”，对雨林的任何破坏，都会危及到其他物种，甚至危及整个森林，可推知：雨林中的一切都是相互依赖的。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，人类只花了一个世纪的干预就摧毁了大自然设计的永存之物。A.restore恢复；B.support支持；C.revive使复兴；D.last持续。上文“Rainforestshave　　　2　　　　overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyaretoday.(雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。)”可知，短短一个世纪，人为干涉就破坏了大自然花了数百万年进化而来的生态系统，倘若没有人为干涉，生态系统本是可以持续永远的，last符合语境。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句句意：在过去几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。A.pressure压力；B.power能力；C.concern忧虑，关爱；D.strength实力，强度。由下文“Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.(自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，随着人类发展经济的生产原材料的需要，以及人口增长导致的对生存物资的需要，人类对生态系统的索取越加增大，生态系统的压力增加了。故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都在增加——以我们的生态系统为代价。A.existence存在；B.ecosystem生态系统；C.planet行星；D.survival生存。上文“Thescaleofhuman　　　8　　　　onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.

11(在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，经济发展和人口激增，都是在消耗地球生态系统，以生态系统为代价。故选B项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步报告说，到2050年，对木材的需求可能会翻一番；不幸的是，世界上的热带森林仍然是世界木材需求的主要来源。A.unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B.consequently因此；C.naturally自然地；D.similarly相似地。根据上下文，雨林已经不堪重荷，但是人类对木材需求还在增加，很不幸地，压力依然落在热带雨林上。故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。A.store商店；B.food食物；C.smoke烟；D.wealth财富。短语goupinsmoke，意为“像烟一样一下子就消失了，随烟飘散”，smoke符合句意。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。A.subject主题；B.(fall)down跌倒；C.fall(apart)分开；D.victim受害者，牺牲品。空格处单词与后半句中的destruction(毁灭，破坏)呼应。短语fallvictimto，意为“成为……的牺牲品”，为固定搭配，victim符合句意。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制这种趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。A.trend趋势；B.practice练习；C.increase增加；D.attitude态度。上句“ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarateof20,000squaremilesayear.(据估计，仅亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失)”可知，亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失，如果不控制这一趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A.protection保护；B.industrialization工业化；C.modernization现代化；D.deforestation滥伐森林。根据上文“Today,morethanhalfhasalreadygoneupin　　　11　　　.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld'stropicalrainforestshavefallen　　　12　　　tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.(如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。)”可知，雨林受到前所未有的破坏，同时带来了一系列的恶果。deforestation符合语境。故选D项。

12【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A.appearance出现；B.explosion爆炸；C.loss丧失；D.increase增加。由“extinctionofplantsandanimals(植物和动物的灭绝)”可知，大规模的砍伐森林，会导致森林失去生物多样性。故选C项。SectionB(共22分，每小题2分。)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)In2002,WilliamKamkwambahadtodropoutofschool,ashisfather,atobaccofarmer,couldnolongeraffordhisschoolfees.Despitethat,Williamwasdeterminedtogethiseducation.Hebeganvisitingalocallibrarythathadjustopenedinhisoldprimaryschool,wherehediscoveredasciencebook.WithonlyabasicgraspofEnglish,hetaughthimselfbasicphysics.Anotherbookhefoundtherefeaturedwindmillsonthecoverandinspiredhimtotryandbuildhisown.Hestartedbyconstructingasmallmodel.Then,withthehelpofacousinandfriends,hespentmanyweekssearchingyardsandfoundoldtractorfans,shockabsorbers,plasticpipesandbicycleparts,whichheusedtobuildtherealthing.Whathehadbuiltwasacrudemachinethatpoweredfourlights.Whenitwasalldone,thewindmill’swingsmeasuredmorethaneightfeetandsatontopofatower15feettallthatswayedviolentlyinstrongwinds.Heeventuallyreplacedthetowerwithamorestableonethatstands39feet,andbuiltasecondmachinethatwateredafamilygarden.ThewindmillbroughtWilliamKamkwambainstantlocalfame,butdespitehisaccomplishment,hewasstillunabletoreturntoschool.However,newsofhismagetsiamphepo—electricwind—spreadbeyondMalawi,wherehelived,andeventuallythingsbegantochange.Aneducationofficial,whohadheardnewsofthewindmill,cametovisithisvillageandwasamazedtolearnthatWilliamhadbeenoutofschoolforfiveyears.Hearrangedforhimtoattendsecondaryatthegovernment’sexpenseandbroughtjournaliststothefarmtoseethewindmill.ThenastorypublishedintheMalawiDailyMailcaughttheattentionofbloggers,whichinturncaughttheattentionoforganisersfortheTechnologyEntertainmentandDesignconference.In2007,WilliamspokeattheTEDGlobalconferenceinTanzania.Businessmensteppedforwardwithofferstofundhiseducationandprojects,andwithmoneydonatedbythem,hewasabletoputhiscousinandseveralfriendsbackintoschoolandpayforsomemedicalneedsofhisfamily.

1336.WhatdidWilliamKamkwambadoafterhedroppedoutofschool?A.Hejoinedhisfatherinfarming.B.Hetaughthimselfphysics.C.Heworkedforalocallibrary.D.HebegantolearnEnglish.37.Theword“swayed”(inparagraph3)mostprobablymeans________.A.madeabignoiseB.movedfromsidetosideC.producedmoreelectricityD.collapsedfromthemiddle38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.William’slocalfamefadedverysoon.B.AneducationofficialwroteastoryaboutWilliam.C.Williamreturnedtoschoolwiththefundsfromthegovernment.D.The2007TEDGlobalconferencefirstlettheworldknowWilliam’swindmills.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.WilliamKamkwamba’schildhood.B.WilliamKamkwamba’swindmills.C.WilliamKamkwamba’stalents.D.WilliamKamkwamba’sfame.【答案】36.B37.B38.C39.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了WilliamKamkwamba辍学后，通过自学，建造风车的故事。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Hebeganvisitingalocallibrarythathadjustopenedinhisoldprimaryschool,wherehediscoveredasciencebook.WithonlyabasicgraspofEnglish,hetaughthimselfbasicphysics.(他开始参观在他原来的小学开设的当地图书馆，在那里他发现了一本科学书籍。他只掌握了基本的英语，却自学了基础物理。)”可知，WilliamKamkwamba辍学后自学物理。故选B项。【37题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句后文“Heeventuallyreplacedthetowerwithamorestableonethatstands39feet,andbuiltasecondmachinethatwateredafamilygarden.(他最终用一个更稳定的39英尺高的塔取代了这个塔，并建造了第二个给家庭花园浇水的机器。)”说明他原来建的塔不稳定，从而推知划线词句“Whenitwasalldone,thewindmill’swingsmeasuredmorethaneightfeetandsatontopofatower15feettallthatswayedviolentlyinstrongwinds.(当一切完成后，风车的翅膀长超过8英尺，坐落在15英尺高的塔楼上，塔楼在强风中剧烈swayed。)”其中swayed应为“晃动”的意思，选项B“左右移动”与之意义最为接近。故选B项。【38题详解】

14细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“Hearrangedforhimtoattendsecondaryatthegovernment’sexpenseandbroughtjournaliststothefarmtoseethewindmill.(他安排他由政府出资上了中学，并将记者带到农场参观风车。)”可知，选项C“William用政府捐赠的资金回到学校。”是正确的。故选C项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段最后一句“Anotherbookhefoundtherefeaturedwindmillsonthecoverandinspiredhimtotryandbuildhisown.(他在那里找到的另一本书的封面上印有风车，这激发了他尝试建造自己的风车。)”可知，本文主要讲述了WilliamKamkwamba建造风车的故事。故选B项。(B)Registrationnowopenforthe2019StudentResearchShowcaseResearchersoftenfinditdifficulttotalkabouttheirprojectswithfriendsandrelativeswhoarenotinthesameresearchfield.Thosewhoareabletoeffectivelycommunicatetheirworktoabroaderaudienceareatanadvantageintermsofcommunicatingthevalueofwhattheydotothepublic,tosuperiorsatschooloronthejob,andtoorganizationsthatcouldprovidefundingtosupportaproject.SigmaXi’sStudentResearchShowcaseisauniqueopportunityforhighschool,undergraduate,andgraduatestudentstodeveloptheircommunicationskillsthroughmultimedia.Heldannually,thisonlinesciencecommunicationcompetitionallowsstudentstoshowcasetheirresearchonawebsitetheybuild.Thecompetitionisopentoallresearchareas.Presentationwebsitescontainthreemainparts:anabstract,atechnicalslideshow,andavideotointroducetheprojectanditsrelevancetotheresearchcommunityandsociety.Thevideopartchallengesparticipantstopresenttheirresearchtoageneralaudience.Duringthereviewperiod,morethansixtySigmaXimembersvolunteerasjudgestoevaluatestudents'submissions(递交的作品)andengageindigitalconversationswithpresentersthroughtheirwebsites.Participantsfinddiscussionwithjudgesandthepublichelpfulinbetterunderstandingtheirresearch.“I’mreallyexcitedabouttryingtobridgethegapbetweenthescientificcommunityandabroaderaudience,”saidLukaNegoita,the2015graduatedivisionwinner,whenaskedabouthismotivationtoparticipateintheshowcase.Participantscompeteforawardsofupto$500inhighschool,undergraduate,andgraduatedivisions.ThewinnerofthePeople’sChoiceAwardisselectedbasedonapublicvoteandreceivesa$250award.

15Keydeadlinesforthe2017StudentResearchShowcase:▪️Projectdescriptionapprovalandregistrationdeadline:February22,2019▪️Projectsubmissiondeadline:March22,2019▪️Evaluationperiod:April3—10,2019SigmaXimembersareencouragedtovolunteerasjudges.FormoreinformationontheStudentResearchShowcase,visithttps://www.sigmaxi.org/meetings-events/student-research-showcase.40.StudentResearchShowcaseisintendedto________.A.spotthestudentswhowilldevotethemselvestoresearchB.findouttheresearchareathatispopularwithstudentsC.helpstudentstousemultimediamoreskillfullyD.givestudentsachancetopresenttheirresearch41.Studentsmustcommunicatetheirresearchtothepublicinthepartof________ontheirwebsites.A.theabstractB.thetechnicalslideshowC.thevideoD.thediscussion42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofStudentResearchShowcase?A.ParticipantshavetosubmittheirprojectsbyFebruary22atthelatest.B.ThepublicwilldecidewhichprojectwinsPeople’sChoiceAward.C.SigmaXiwillemployworld-famousscientiststobethejudges.D.Nocommunicationisallowedbetweenjudgesandparticipants.【答案】40.D41.C42.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文，主要介绍了2019年学生研究展示会的相关情况以及细节。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Heldannually,thisonlinesciencecommunicationcompetitionallowsstudentstoshowcasetheirresearchonawebsitetheybuild.”（这个在线科学传播竞赛每年举行一次，学生们可以在自己建立的网站上展示自己的研究成果。）可知，学生可在演示网站上展示自己的研究。故选D项。

16【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thevideopartchallengesparticipantstopresenttheirresearchtoageneralaudience.”（视频部分要求参与者向普通观众展示他们的研究。）可知，在thevideo部分学生必须在他们的网站上向公众宣传他们的研究成果。故选C项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThewinnerofthePeople’sChoiceAwardisselectedbasedonapublicvoteandreceivesa$250award.”（People’sChoiceAward的获胜者是根据公众投票选出的，获奖者获得250美元的奖金。）可知，People’sChoiceAward的获奖者是有公众决定的。故选B项。(C)DigitalassistantssuchasSiriareincreasinglycommononphonesandcomputers.Developinganemotionalrelationshipwithapieceofsoftwarecan,however,bringdiscomforttosomepeople.AsastudypublishedinPsychologicalSciencebyParkDaeun,ofChungbukNationalUniversityinSouthKorea,andhercolleagues,shows,oneemotionsometimesinvolvedinmachine-humaninteractionisembarrassment.DrParkandherteamrecruited187participantsintotheirstudy.Tostartwith,eachwaspresentedwithaseriesofstatementslike“youhaveacertainamountofintelligence,andyoucan’treallydomuchtochangeit”,and“youcanalwayssubstantiallychangehowintelligentyouare”.Participantsratedtheirresponsestothesestatementsonasix-pointscale,onwhichonemeant“stronglydisagree”andsixmeant“stronglyagree”.ThereasonforthisinitialtestwasthatDr.Parkknewfrompreviousworkthat,inacademicsettings,thosewhobelieveintelligencetobechangeablearecomfortableaskingforassistancewhilethosewhobelieveittobefixedoftenfeelashamedtodoso.Theinitialtestdone,theresearcherspresentedtheirvolunteerswithasecondtest,whichinvolvedlookingat16setsofthreewordsandtryingtothinkofafourthwordthatlinkedthem.Forexample,whenoffered“room,blood,salts”,acorrectanswerwouldbe“bath”.Sometimesthefirstthreewordswereaccompaniedbyanunrequestedhint(intheexamplegiven,thiswas“tub”).Sometimestheywerenot.Hintsappearedasthewrittenformofthewordinquestion,accompaniedbyacomputer-shapedicon(图形).Forhalfofparticipantsthisiconhadahumanlikeface,andthehintwasplacedinsideaspeechbubbleoriginatingfromthatface,thusanthropomorphising(赋予人性)thepresentationtosomedegree.Fortheotherhalftheiconlackedafaceandtherewasnospeechbubble.Afterthefinalsetofwordshadbeendisplayed,participantswereaskedtoagreeordisagreewithfollow-upstatementsabouttheirexperience,suchas“itwasembarrassingtoreceivehelpduringthetask”,and“othersmightthinkIamincompetent(无能的)becauseIreceivedhelpduring

17thetask.”Thistime,theyquantifiedtheirfeelingsonaseven-pointscale,withhighscoresrepresentinggreaterfeelingsofunease.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhobelievedintelligencetobeunchangeable(thetopsixthofthesample)feltmoreembarrassedandmoreincompetentafterthetests.Theyaveraged3.2whenmeasuredforfeelingsofshameandembarrassmentifthecomputericonstheyhadseengivingthehintshadhadfacesandspeechbubbles.Butonly2.7ifnot.Incontrast,peoplewhostronglybelievedthatintelligencecouldbechangedovertime(thebottomsixthofthesample)feltthesamelevelofdiscomfort(around2.5)whetherornottheiconshadbeenanthropomorphised.43.Theinitialtestismeanttoclassifytheparticipantsaccordingto________.A.howintelligenttheyareinacademicsettingsB.howfamiliartheyarewithpreviousresearchC.howmuchtheyagreewithDrPark’sviewpointD.howmuchtheybelieveintelligenceisunchangeable44.Inthesecondtest,theparticipantswererequiredto________.A.requestausefulhintatapropertimeB.linkthefourwordsgivenwithakeywordC.tellcomputer-shapediconsfromface-shapedonesD.answerwhethertheyfeelcomfortabletoreceivehelp45.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheresultsofDr.Parkandhisteam’sstudy?A.Thosewhobelieveintelligencecanchangearemorelikelytorefusecomputers’assistance.B.Thoseregardingintelligenceasfixedmayfeellessateasewhenturningtocomputers.C.Thoseregardingintelligenceasfixedaremorelikelytofeelembarrassedinreallife.D.Thosewhobelieveintelligencecanchangearemorecapablethanthosewhodon’t.46.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.Howmachine-humaninteractionwilldevelopremainstobeseen.B.Peopleneedtochangetheirunderstandingofartificialintelligence.C.Sometimes,computerprogramsseemtoohumanfortheirowngood.D.Sofar,thedigitalassistantshavenottakenhumanemotionintoaccount.【答案】43.D44.D45.B46.C【解析】

18【导语】本文为一篇说明文。如今的人工智能被赋予了一些拟人化的特征，这使得人们更加容易与机器产生互动，建立起关系。但是最近研究人员进行了两个相关实验，发现这样的人机互动关系，有利也有弊。文章表述了这两个实验的研究目的、方法和结果。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Tostartwith,eachwaspresentedwithaseriesofstatementslike‘youhaveacertainamountofintelligence,andyoucan’treallydomuchtochangeit’,and‘youcanalwayssubstantiallychangehowintelligentyouare’.Participantsratedtheirresponsestothesestatementsonasix-pointscale,onwhichonemeant‘stronglydisagree’andsixmeant‘stronglyagree’.(一开始，每个人都被展示了一系列的陈述，比如‘你有一定的智商，但你真的无法改变它’，以及‘你总是可以从根本上改变你的智商’。参与者将他们对这些陈述的回复用6分制评分，1代表‘强烈不同意’，6代表‘强烈同意’)”可知，通过6分制的评分表，第一个测验根据参与者对着“他们的智力不可改变”这个问题的认同程度来进行划分参与者。故选D项。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第四句“Afterthefinalsetofwordshadbeendisplayed,participantswereaskedtoagreeordisagreewithfollow-upstatementsabouttheirexperience,suchas‘itwasembarrassingtoreceivehelpduringthetask’,and‘othersmightthinkIamincompetent(无能的)becauseIreceivedhelpduringthetask.’Thistime,theyquantifiedtheirfeelingsonaseven-pointscale,withhighscoresrepresentinggreaterfeelingsofunease.(在最后一组单词展示后，参与者接下来将被问到他们是否同意关于他们体验的后续的陈述，例如‘在测试中受到帮助是尴尬的’，以及‘其他人可能认为我能力不足，因为我在测试中受到了帮助’。这次，他们的感觉将用7分制量化，越高的分代表焦虑的程度越高)”可知，在第二个测试中，参与者们被要求回答问题，接受帮助是否会让他们觉得自在，并用7分制进行打分。故选D项。【45题详解】推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句“Thistime,theyquantifiedtheirfeelingsonaseven-pointscale,withhighscoresrepresentinggreaterfeelingsofunease.(这次，他们的感觉将用7分制量化，越高的分代表焦虑的程度越高)”，最后一段第一句开始“Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhobelievedintelligencetobeunchangeable(thetopsixthofthesample)feltmoreembarrassedandmoreincompetentafterthetests.Theyaveraged3.2whenmeasuredforfeelingsofshameandembarrassmentifthecomputericonstheyhadseengivingthehintshadhadfacesandspeechbubbles.Butonly2.7ifnot.(研究人员发现，那些认为智力不可改变的参与者(样本的前六分之一)在测试后会感到更尴尬、更无能。在测试羞愧和尴尬的感觉时，如果他们看到提供提示的计算机图标由人脸和对话气泡框的话，他们平均得分3.2分，如果没有人脸和对话气泡框，平均得分仅为2.7分)”可知，那些认为智力是固定不变的人在使用电脑求助时焦虑程度较高，他们在使用电脑求助时会感到不那么自在。故选B项。【46题详解】

19推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“DigitalassistantssuchasSiriareincreasinglycommononphonesandcomputers.Developinganemotionalrelationshipwithapieceofsoftwarecan,however,bringdiscomforttosomepeople.(像Siri这样的数字助手在手机和电脑上越来越普遍。然而，与一款软件建立情感关系可能会给一些人带来不适)”可知，电脑程序设计了人际互动，电脑太人性化，有时这种设计对电脑有利，但是会给人带来焦虑感。故选C项。SectionC(共8分，每小题2分。)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Thewayindividualscollectivelyremember,forget,andrecallevents,people,places,etc,hasbeenanimportanttopicofresearchoncollectivememory.____47____Hedevelopedtheconceptofcollectivememory,arguingthatindividuals’memoriesareonlyunderstoodwithinthecontextofagroupthroughtimeandspace.____48____Theyincludetheoreticalconcepts,thestudyofhistoricalsources,oralhistories,casestudies,interviews,andsurveys.Forexample,onegroupofresearchcarriedoutseveralinterviewstoinvestigateyoungerandolderAmericanadultsforthreewars,namely,theCivilWar,WorldWarIIandtheIraqwar.AlthoughAmericansofdifferentagesrecalledsimilarevents,theinterpretationofsomeeventschangedoverthegenerations:bothyoungerandolderadultsrecalledthebombingsofHiroshimaandNagasaki,however,theydifferedinhowtheyratedthebombings.Morerecently,memorystudyscholarstendtostressthesignificanceofthemediainshapingcollectivememories:“Cultureandindividualmemoryareconstantlyproducedthroughthetechnologyofmemory.”Underthisperspective,researchofteninvolvescontentanalysisofnewsandtheuseofsurveysorinterviewsforanalyzingthepublicmemory.Alternatively,scholarshavestudiedtheroleofjournalistsascollectivememoryagentsbymanuallyanalyzingthestoriesjournaliststellasprofessionalsandthestoriestheytellabouttheirprofession.____49____However,developmentsindigitaltechnologiesinrecentyearshavesignificantlyinfluencedhowwetrackeventsbothasindividualsandasacollective,“TheInternetdoesn’tforget.”TheInternethashadstrongimpactsonmemoryandtheprocessesofrememberingandforgetting.____50____AnalyzingdifferentWebdocuments,researchershaveshownthatmorerecentpasteventsarerememberedmorevividlyinthepresent.A.Thereareafewrelativelysimplethingsapersoncandotohelpimprovetheirmemory.B.Meanwhile,ithasconvertedcollectivememoryintoanobservablephenomenonthatcanbetrackedandmeasuredonline.

20C.Recentlydevelopedinformationtechnologies,particularlytheInternet,haveaffectedhowwecreate,storeandrecallinformation.D.MauriceHabwahsisgenerallyrecognizedasthefatherofcollectivememoryresearch.E.Inallcases,mostoftheresearchmethodsappliedtomemorystudiesrelyonlongprocedures.F.Researchoncollectivememoryisoftenbasedonvariousaspects.【答案】47.D48.F49.E50.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了人们对集体记忆的研究，以及集体记忆研究方式的改变等相关信息。【47题详解】根据横线后一句“Hedevelopedtheconceptofcollectivememory（他是集体记忆概念的开发者）”，句中的he应是指空格处提到的，横线句应该介绍他在集体记忆方面的地位。D项“MauriceHabwahs被公认为集体记忆研究之父”符合语境，承接上文。故选D项。【48题详解】根据横线后一句“Theyincludetheoreticalconcepts,thestudyofhistoricalsources,oralhistories,casestudies,interviews,andsurveys.（它们包括理论概念、历史来源研究、口述历史、案例研究、访谈和调查。）”告诉我们集体记忆的研究包含了多方面的内容，因此推断横线句是对此句的总结，F项“对集体记忆的研究通常基于不同的方面”符合语境。故选F项。【49题详解】根据本段主旨句“Morerecently,memorystudyscholarstendtostressthesignificanceofthemediainshapingcollectivememories:'Cultureandindividualmemoryareconstantlyproducedthroughthetechnologyofmemory.'（最近，记忆研究学者倾向于强调媒体在塑造集体记忆方面的重要性：“文化和个人记忆是通过记忆技术不断产生的。”）”可知，本段主要强调媒体在集体记忆方面的重要作用。横线前两句“Underthisperspective,researchofteninvolvescontentanalysisofnewsandtheuseofsurveysorinterviewsforanalyzingthepublicmemory.Alternatively,scholarshavestudiedtheroleofjournalistsascollectivememoryagentsbymanuallyanalyzingthestoriesjournaliststellasprofessionalsandthestoriestheytellabouttheirprofession.（从这个角度来看，研究通常涉及对新闻的内容分析，以及使用调查或访谈来分析公众的记忆。另外，学者们通过手工分析记者作为专业人员讲述的故事和他们讲述的关于自己职业的故事，来研究记者作为集体记忆主体的作用。）”提及了多种分析方法，但是无论是什么方法，都要通过长期的研究。E项“在所有情况下，大多数应用于记忆研究的研究方法都依赖于漫长的程序”符合语境。故选E项。【50题详解】

21根据前句“TheInternethashadstrongimpactsonmemoryandtheprocessesofrememberingandforgetting.（互联网对记忆以及记忆和遗忘的过程产生了巨大的影响。）”，B项“同时，它将集体记忆转化为一种可以在线跟踪和测量的可观察现象”进一步补充互联网是如何对记忆产生影响的，且“it”指代上文中的“TheInternet”，符合语境。故选B项。IV.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readingthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagewithnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BuildingaGreenerFutureWhichismoreimportantwhendesigningabuilding:beautyorfunction?Atthestartofthetwentiethcentury,LouisSullivan,oneofthecreatorsofmodernarchitecture,saidthat‘formfollowsfunction’.However,manypeopledisagreewiththisandfeelthatbeautyisamoreimportantfactorinarchitecturaldesign.Inthemodernworld,itseemsthatmostarchitectscombinebothideas:aimingtocreatebuildingswhicharebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Thereasonforcreatingabuildinginthefirstplaceisclearlyveryimportant.Forexample,whenbuildinganairportterminal,youneedtothinkoftheneedsofpassengersaswellasplanes.Passengerswanttogettotheirplaneasquicklyastheycan,andplanesneedtobeparkedinthemostefficientwaypossible.Beauty,however,isalsoclearlyimportantwhenconstructingabuilding.Livingorworkinginanuglyplacecreatesadepressinganduninspiringenvironment.Incontrast,anattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelhappierandincreasetheirmotivationtowork.Thereisalsoawiderresponsibilitytosocietywhicharchitectshavetoconsider.Beautiful,well-constructedbuildingsareasymbolofacivilizedsociety.Intheory,thereseemstobenoreasonwhyarchitecturecannotbebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Yetinpractice,thiscancauseproblems.TheModernInternationalstyleofthe1920sand1930s,anexampleofwhichistheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,wassupposedtocombinebeautywithfunction.Manyconsiderthemuseum’swhitespiralrampbeautiful,buttherehavebeencomplaintsthatitisimpractical,asitisdifficulttostandbacktoviewtheart.Also,therampissonarrowthatitcanbecomeovercrowded.Itseemsthateventhiscelebrateddesignhasproblemswithfunctionality.Ifarchitectsfocusonlyonfunction,buildingsmaybecold,uglyanduninteresting.Ontheotherhand,iftheyfocusonlyonmakingitlookbeautiful,thebuildingmaybecompletelyimpractical.Therefore,combiningthesetwoideasisnecessarytocreatetheperfectpieceofarchitecture.

22___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thereisaquestionthatwhichismoreimportantwhenanarchitectdesignsabuilding:beautyorfunction.(要点一)Functionisimportantbecauseitmakesthebuildingsmorepractical.(要点二)However,beautyisalsoimportantbecauseanattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelbetter.(要点三)Itseemsthatbuildingscanbefunctionalandbeautifulintheorybutnotinpractice.(要点四)Therefore,theperfectbuildingshouldcombinebeautyandfunction.(要点五)【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了建筑上人们关注的两个问题：功能性和美观性。其实，功能性和美观性同样重要，但很多时候，两者不能兼顾。因此最好的建筑是将功能性和美观性结合在一起。【详解】1.要点摘录①Whichismoreimportantwhendesigningabuilding:beautyorfunction?②Thereasonforcreatingabuildinginthefirstplaceisclearlyveryimportant.③Beauty,however,isalsoclearlyimportantwhenconstructingabuilding.④Incontrast,anattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelhappierandincreasetheirmotivationtowork.⑤Intheory,thereseemstobenoreasonwhyarchitecturecannotbebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Yetinpractice,thiscancauseproblems.⑥Therefore,combiningthesetwoideasisnecessarytocreatetheperfectpieceofarchitecture.2.缜密构思将第①要点进行重组，将第②要点进行同义句改写，将第③④要点进行整合重组，将第⑤要点改写重组，将第⑥要点重组。3.遣词造句①Thereisaquestionthatwhichismoreimportantwhenanarchitectdesignsabuilding:beautyorfunction.②Functionisimportantbecauseitmakesthebuildingsmorepractical.③However,beautyisalsoimportantbecauseanattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelbetter.④Itseemsthatbuildingscanbefunctionalandbeautifulintheorybutnotinpractice.⑤Therefore,theperfectbuildingshouldcombinebeautyandfunction.【点睛】[高分句型1]Thereisaquestionthatwhichismoreimportantwhenanarchitectdesignsabuilding:beautyorfunction.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句提出文章的论点，对第一段和第二段进行了高度概括，“that”引导的同位语从句讲述了论点，“when”引导的时间状语从句概括了第二段内容。）

23[高分句型2]：However,beautyisalsoimportantbecauseanattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelbetter.（主从复合句概括了第四段内容，其中“however”的使用与前一论点构成转折关系，“because”引导原因状语从句，表达非常高级。）[高分句型3]：Itseemsthatbuildingscanbefunctionalandbeautifulintheorybutnotinpractice.（用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中“that”引导表语从句的用法比较高级。）V.Translation(15分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.人们越来越意识到艺术对生活的积极影响。(aware)（汉译英）【答案】Peopleareincreasinglyawareofthepositiveeffectofartonlife.【解析】【详解】考查形容词、固定结构。根据句意可知，本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示主语“人们”为名词people；表示“意识到”应用固定短语beawareof主语为复数，注意主谓一致；表示“越来越”可用副词increasingly作状语，修饰形容词；表示宾语“艺术对生活的积极影响”为名词短语thepositiveeffectofartonlife，介词短语ofartonlife作后置定语。句首字母大写，故可翻译为Peopleareincreasinglyawareofthepositiveeffectofartonlife.53.这位妈妈鼓励孩子分担家务，她这么做是很明智的。(It...)【答案】Itissensible/wiseofthemothertoencourageherkid(s)tosharethehousework.【解析】【详解】考查it作形式主语。分析句意可知，句子应该用一般现在时；此句用“it作形式主语”句型表达；“明智的（sensible/wise）”是表示人物性格/品德的形容词，应用句型“Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo…”；短语“鼓励某人做…”encouragesb.todo…。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Itissensible/wiseofthemothertoencourageherkid(s)tosharethehousework。54.我们唯有充分利用时间、斗志昂扬，才能开创美好未来。（Only)（汉译英）【答案】Onlybymakingfulluseof/makingthemostoftimeandbeinginhighspirits/beingeager(willing)tofight(struggle)canwecreate(develop/shape)awonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright)future.(或者onlywhen/if...)【解析】【详解】考查倒装句，情态动词和短语。表示“唯有”应用only；表示“充分利用时间”应用makingfulluseof/makingthemostoftime；表示“斗志昂扬”应用beinginhighspirits/beingeager(willing)tofight(struggle)；表示“开创”应用create(develop/shape)；表示“美好未来”可用wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright)future。分析句意和提示可知，此句应用only

24来引导部分倒装的句型。可用only加状语/状语从句位于句首。故翻译为Onlybymakingfulluseof/makingthemostoftimeandbeinginhighspirits/beingeager(willing)tofight(struggle)canwecreate(develop/shape)awonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright)future.(或者onlywhen/if...)。55.尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台，消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素。（account）（汉译英）【答案】ThoughsomeInternet/web/onlinecelebritiesare/havebeeninvitedtobackupthisproduct,consumersneedtotakeintoaccountquiteafewfactorssuchasitspriceandquality.【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句、时态、动词短语和介词短语。前半句“尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台”，根据句意，谓语可用一般现在时态或现在完成时态；“尽管”表达为连接词though，引导让步状语从句；“网红”表达为名词短语Internet/web/onlinecelebrities，作状语从句的主语；“被邀请……做……”表达为invitesbtodosth，此处invite与“网红”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，即areinvited或havebeeninvited；“为……站台”即“支持……”，表达为动词短语backup，宾语是“这款产品”thisproduct，可用动词不定式作状语表示目的；前半句翻译为：ThoughsomeInternet/web/onlinecelebritiesare/havebeeninvitedtobackupthisproduct。后半句“消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素”为主句，主语“消费者”用consumers；“需做……”表达为动词短语needtodosth，为谓语动词，陈述事实用一般现在时；根据要求，“考虑”表达为动词take...intoaccount；宾语“诸多因素”表达为名词短语quiteafewfactors；“价格、质量等”可表达为短语suchasitspriceandquality，整理语序，故翻译为：ThoughsomeInternet/web/onlinecelebritiesare/havebeeninvitedtobackupthisproduct,consumersneedtotakeintoaccountquiteafewfactorssuchasitspriceandquality.VI.GuidedWriting(25分)56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校英语报正在开展关于社交媒体是否影响日常沟通的讨论。你对此话题很感兴趣，请写一篇文章，内容包括：1)你是否认为社交媒体影响了日常沟通；2)你的理由。【答案】Withtheincreasingpopularityofsocialmedia,thereisagrowingconcernthatfrequentuseofsocialmediamighthaveanimpactonourreal-lifesocialskills.Frommyperspective,thereisnodenyingthattheemergenceofsocialnetworkingsiteshasindeedprovideddiversifiedwaysfordailycommunication,buttheyalsoaffectpeople’sdailycommunicationtosomeextent.Tobeginwith,socialnetworkingsitestendtomakepeopleunabletoextricatethemselves.Moreandmore

25peoplearesoindulgedinchattingwithnetfriendsatsocialnetworkingsitesthatignoretherealworld,whichdoesharmtothemaintenanceofsocialrelationshipsinreality.What’smore,asteenagersinthemodernsociety,weareexpectedtopossesssomekeysocialskills,forexample,identifyandunderstandothers’feelingsthroughtheirspeechandactions.Over-relianceonsocialmedia,however,hasinhibitedusfrombuildingupthosesocialabilitiesinsomedegree.Iadmitthatsocialnetworkingsiteshaveprovidedmuchconvenience,butweshouldn’tallowthemtotakeuptoomuchofourlife.Otherwise,wewillendupasphubbers,merelyknowinghowtotypeandtextbutignoringtheproperwaytocommunicate.【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生对社交媒体是否影响日常沟通这一话题发表自己的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累对……产生影响：haveanimpacton→haveaneffecton多样的：diversified→various首先：tobeginwith→firstly忽视：ignore→neglect2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Tobeginwith,socialnetworkingsitestendtomakepeopleunabletoextricatethemselves.拓展句：Tobeginwith,manypeopleareaddictedtosocialnetworkingsitessothattheycan’textricatethemselves.【点睛】【高分句型1】Moreandmorepeoplearesoindulgedinchattingwithnetfriendsatsocialnetworkingsitesthatignoretherealworld,whichdoesharmtothemaintenanceofsocialrelationshipsinreality.（运用了so...that...句型和which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Otherwise,wewillendupasphubbers,merelyknowinghowtotypeandtextbutignoringtheproperwaytocommunicate.（运用非谓语作状语，疑问词+不定式作宾语）听力答案：1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.A7.C8.C9.B10.D11.A12.D13.C14.C15.B16.B17.B18.A19.D20.C

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