上海市行知中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末卷线上调研英语试题 Word版含解析

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高二英语试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Shehasbeenleftbehindinherwork.B.Shedoesfewthingswithhermobilephone.C.Shekeepshermobilephoneathome.D.Shehasboughtthelatestmodelofmobilephone.2.A.Theyneedn’tdresssimilarly.B.Thewomanhadbetteravoidjeans.C.Themanislookingforanewjacket.D.Theyshouldn’tdresstooinformally.3.A.He’sexpectingtomeethisboss.B.He’salwaysinagoodmood.C.Hereceivedagoodevaluation.D.Hehadafightwithhisboss.4.A.Sheremainsstrictwithothers.B.Sheisself-conscious.C.Sheisnarrow-minded.D.Shehastroublecommunicating.5.A.Hedoesn’thavetimetoread.B.Hedislikeswhatthewomanlikesreading.C.Helikestowriteessaysonsocialtopics.D.Hehasnoreadingpreferences.6.A.Askafriendforthenameofahairstylist.B.Makeanappointmentwithsomeoneelse.C.Callanotherhairsalon.D.Getherhaircutat12:00.7.A.Getabookonhowtomakerepairs.B.Askthemantofixherrefrigerator.CFindarepairpersonsoon.D.Waittoseeiftheproblemdisappears.8.A.Sheneedsanewhatandgloves.B.Theweatherwillcontinuetobecold.C.Themanhadbetterputawayhiswinterclothes.D.Shewonderswhattheweatherwillbeliketomorrow.9.A.Rescheduleoneofhisappointments.B.Keepbothmeetingsshort.C.Cancelhisappointments.D.Prepareforthemeetingatbreakfast.10.A.He’dprefernottowalktoclass.B.Hedoesn’tspendenoughtimestudying.C.Hedoesn’tthinktheweatherisnice.D.Hehaslittletimeforoutdooractivities.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereach

1passageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Varioustraffic-claimingmeasuresputforwardbyresidents.B.TheinconveniencescausedbywhatisbeingdoneonCastleViewRoad.C.Differentagegroups’opinionsaboutproposalsconcerningroadsafety.D.Thedifferencebetweenthoseagedover40andthosebetween21and40.12.A.70%.B.3%.C.60%.D.15%.13.A.Toomuchtraffic.B.Highspeed.C.Poorroadconditions.D.Pedestrians’disruption.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thefunnystory.B.Theirpreviousadaptations.C.Theirlackofexperience.D.Thecharacters.15.A.Onceaweek.B.Fourtimesaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.D.Twiceaweek.16.A.High-priced.B.Slow-paced.C.Successful.D.Boring.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation17.A.Howtomakeourlifestylemoresustainable.B.Howtomeasureone’secologicalfootprint.C.Howtobecomeahealthyvegetarian.D.HowtofeedmorepeoplewithlessdamagetoEarth.18.A.Throwingawayrubbish.B.Toomuchpackaging.C.Buyingfoodthatisnotfresh.D.Toomuchrecycling.19.A.Efficient.B.Cruel.C.Wasteful.D.Productive.20.A.Customers.B.Farmers.C.Policymakers.D.Animalprotectors.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

2blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BoyanSlat,aDutchinventoriscleaningtheworld’smostpollutedriversinanefforttosavetheoceans.Hehasmadeithismission___1___(remove)plasticfromtheoceans.Hisorganization,TheOceanCleanup,hassuccessfullystartedtocleanthepollutionthathasbeencirclingintheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Butmillionsmoretonsofplasticentertheoceanseveryyear,almostallofit___2___(flow)fromrivers.Just10riversareresponsibleforaround90%ofallthatplastic,___3___a2017studyfromtheHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch.“So___4___wefocusontheworstrivers,webelievewecanreallyhavethefastestandmostcost-effectivewaytoclosethetapandpreventmoreplasticfromreachingtheoceansinthefirstplace,”Slatsaid.TheOceanCleanupiseffectivelyusingfloatingtrashcollectorscalled“Interceptors”.Thesesolar-powered,autonomoussystemsusetherivers’currentstoguidethetrashontoaconveyorbeltthatcarrythewasteto___5___(await)bins.ThefirstinterceptorwenttoworkinJakarta,Indonesia,topullplasticfromawaterwaycalledtheCengkarengdrain.AsecondinterceptorbegancollectingtrashflowingdowntheKlangriverinKualaLumpur,Malaysia.Ontheothersideoftheworld,___6___InterceptorhasrecentlystartedremovingriverpollutionnearthemouthoftheRioOzamaintheDominicanRepublic.“___7___theriverispolluted,thefishdie.Everyyeartherearelessfish,”LuisPeguero,alocalfisherman,explained.WhenPegueroisluckyenoughtoreelin(收线拉起)acatch,it___8___notbesafeforhisfamilytoeat.“Youfindstuffinthefish,especiallythecatfish.Trash,bottlelids,evenashoe.Thefishcan’tsurvivethis,”saidPeguero.Tohim,themoderntrash-collectingcatamaran(双体船)isapeculiarbutwelcomesight.TheOceanCleanupisworkingwiththelocalgovernmentsandcommunitiestohelpretrieve(取回)theplastictheInterceptorscollect.“Bystoppingplasticinrivers,wehopetonotonlyaddressthebigglobalplasticpollutionissue,butalsoreallyhelpmakelifebetterforthepeople___9___liveneartheseproblematicrivers,”saidSlat.TheOceanCleanup’sgoalistotacklethethousandmostpollutedriverswithin5years.Sooninterceptors____10____(head)toVietnam,Thailand,JamaicaandLosAngelesCountyintheUnitedStates.“Wearegettingouttonsofplasticeverysingleday,”Slatsaid.“Weacceptthatwewon’tdelivermagicinonego.Butwe’redoingthis,stepbystep.”【答案】1.toremove2.flowing3.accordingto4.if5.awaiting

36.another7.Because8.might##may9.that##who10.willhead【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰发明家博扬·斯莱特正在清理世界上污染最严重的河流，以拯救海洋。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他把清除海洋中的塑料制品作为自己的使命。名词mission后接不定式担当后置定语，构成搭配：one’smissiontodosth.做某事是某人的使命。故填toremove。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但每年有数百万吨以上的塑料进入海洋，几乎所有塑料都来自河流。本句为独立主格形式，动词flow和逻辑主语“allofit”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填flowing。【3题详解】考查介词短语。句意：根据亥姆霍尔兹环境研究中心2017年的一项研究显示，大约90%的塑料是由10条河流产生的。主句为研究的结果，后面是结果产生的依据。根据句意，此处是介词短语：accordingto根据、依据。故填accordingto。【4题详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：斯拉特说：“所以，如果我们关注最糟糕的河流，我们相信我们真的可以找到最快、最经济的方法，首先关闭水龙头，防止更多塑料进入海洋。”根据句意可知，用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些太阳能驱动的自主系统利用河流的水流引导垃圾进入传送带，将垃圾送到等待的垃圾箱。非谓语动词担当前置定语，表示被修饰词bins的用途，所以用动名词。故填awaiting。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：在世界的另一边，另一个截流器最近开始清除多米尼加共和国奥扎马河口附近的河流污染。上文出现了两个interceptor，第一个为“thefirstinterceptor”；第二个为“asecondinterceptor”；第三个用another。故填another。【7题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：“因为河水被污染，鱼都死了。鱼一年比一年少，”当地渔民路易斯·佩盖罗(LuisPeguero)解释说。空后为主句的原因，因此用because引导原因状语从句。故填Because。

4【8题详解】考查情态动词。句意：哪怕Peguero足够幸运的钓到鱼，他的家人们吃鱼也可能不安全。根据上文可知，这里的河水被污染了，所以对于他的家人而言，吃鱼可能不安全，所以用情态动词may/might。故填may或might。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯拉特说：“通过停止往河流中排放塑料，我们不仅希望解决全球塑料污染的大问题，还希望真正帮助改善生活在这些问题河流附近的人们的生活。”此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为people，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：不久，拦截机将前往越南、泰国、牙买加和美国洛杉矶县。根据soon可知，本句时态为一般将来时。故填willhead。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.respectivelyB.visionC.reboundedD.decouplingE.respectablyF.promotingG.commitmentsH.emittersI.peakJ.remainingK.urgentGreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsintheAsean(东盟)regionareestimatedtoincreaseinthesameperiod,basedonthelatestNationallydeterminedcontributions(NDC)targetsupto2030.TokeeptheParisAgreementtemperaturegoalwithinreach,DrBeniSuryadi,CentreforEnergyManagerattheAseanSecretariat,statedthatASEANneedstoachieve____11____emissionsassoonaspossibleafter2030andnet-zeroGHGemissionsassoonaspossibleafter2050.However,____12____ofthegrowthinGDPandenergy-relatedCO2emissionsisobservedonlyinahandfuloftheAseanmemberstates.“Itisvitaltoreduceenergyintensitythroughlowerenergydemandandfurtherenergysavingsandtoreduceemissionintensityby____13____renewableenergyexpansion,”hesaid.“CurrentpoliciesneedtobeenhancedtoachievetheNDCtargets.The____14____undertheNDCswillprovideAseanwithabetterperspectiveoftheneedforamoreambitiouscourseofactiononmitigation（缓解）inthefuture.AmbitiousenergypoliciescansignificantlyreduceGHGemissionandhelpsour____15____towardslowcarboneconomiesandclimateresilientnations.”Earlierinhispresentation,DrBenihighlighted,“abriefrecord-breakingdropinclimatechange–causing

5carbonemissionsduringtheheightofthecoronaviruspandemic.However,nowadayswecontinuetohearthenewsandreadreportsthatsaythatglobalemissionshavealready____16____tonearpre-pandemiclevels”.“Whilewearegratefultolearnthattheeconomyisrevivingandweseeeconomicactivitiestakingplaceeverywhere,thereisa(n)____17____needforustolimitthegrowthofemissions.GlobalGHGemissionscontinuetorise,atatimewhentheyneedtoberapidlyfalling.”Atthegloballevel,hesaid,“Itisrecordedthatalmostthree-quartersoftheGHGemissionscomefromenergyuse;almostone-fifthfromagricultureandlanduse;andthe____18____eightpercentfromindustryandwaste”.Healsonotedthattheelectricityandtransportsectorsstartoutasandremainthebiggest____19____ofGHGsandairpollutioninAsean.“IftheAseanmemberstatesdowhatisneededtofullyachievetheirownnationalenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergytargets,aswellastheirclimatecommitments,Asean’stotalenergy-relatedGHGemissionsin2040willbe3,002MtCO2-eq,28percentlowerthaninthebaselinescenario.“Powergenerationremainsthelargestsectoralcontributor,accountingforabout40percentand46percentoftotalGHGemissionsfromenergyin2025and2040,____20____.“Furthermore,ifAseanfulfilleditsregionalaspirationaltargetsontheenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy,AseanwillbeabletoreduceGHGemissionsmoresharplytoonly2,264MtCO2-eqin2040,”hesaid.【答案】11.I12.D13.F14.G15.B16.C17.K18.J19.H20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕目前东盟成员国在节能减排方面的形势以及采取的相应解决措施。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：为确保《巴黎协定》的温度目标的实现，东盟秘书处能源经理中心BeniSuryadi博士表示，东盟需要在2030年后尽快实现排放峰值，并在2050年后尽快实现温室气体净零排放。分析句子结构，设空处缺少修饰emissions的定语成分，peak可作形容词表示“峰值的”，符合语义。故选I项。【12题详解】考查非谓语。句意：然而，仅在少数东盟成员国中观察到GDP

6增长与能源相关二氧化碳排放量的脱钩。分析句子结构，谓语为isobserve，本句主语不完整，设空处需补全主语。decoupling为动名词形式，含义为“关联系统分离、脱钩”，可以补全主语成分，且含义符合语义。故选D项。【13题详解】考查非谓语。句意：他表示：“通过降低能源需求和节约能源来降低能源强度，以及通过促进可再生能源扩张来降低排放强度都至关重要。”分析句子结构，设空处填写by的宾语。结合句意，promoting表示“促进，提升，扩展”，动名词promoting可作介词by的宾语，其含义符合语境。故选F项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：根据国家自主承诺作出的保证将使东盟更好地认识到今后需要在缓解方面采取更有雄心的行动方针。分析句子结构，句子主语不完整，需要补全，设空处前有定冠词the，所以设空处为名词。名词commitment意为“承诺、保证”，含义符合语境，因为是各个国家的承诺和保证，所以应该用名词复数。故选G项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：雄心勃勃的能源政策可以显著减少温室气体排放，并有助于我们实现低碳经济和气候适应型国家的愿景。分析句子结构可知，设空处应该填写名词作help的宾语。结合句意分析，名词vision表示“目标、愿景”，含义符合语义，且在句中作为help的宾语。故选B项。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，现在我们持续听到新闻和读到报告说，全球排放量已经回升到接近疫情前的水平。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填写动词的过去分词形式，构成havealreadydone形式作为句子谓语。结合语义，rebound表示“弹回，恢复”，havealreadyrebounded表示“已经回弹/回升”，含义符合语境。故选C项。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然我们很庆幸经济正在复苏，我们看到各地都在进行经济活动，但我们迫切需要限制排放的增长。分析句子结构，设空处缺少定语成分，修饰need。结合句意，形容词urgent表示“急切的，迫切的”，含义符合语义，且在句中作修饰need的定语。故选K项。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：在全球层面上，他表示，“据记录，近四分之三的温室气体排放来自能源使用；近五分之一来自农业和土地使用；剩下的8%来自工业和废物。”分析句子结构，设空处缺少定语成分，修饰eightpercent。形容词remaining表示“剩余的，余下的”含义符合语义，且可在句中作定语，修饰eightpercent。故选J项。【19题详解】

7考查名词。句意：他还指出，电力和交通行业从一开始就是东盟最大的温室气体和空气污染排放行业。分析句子结构，设空处应填写名词作为remain的宾语。结合句意，emitters意指“排放者”，在句中指的是电力和交通行业这两个排放产业。故选H项。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：发电行业仍然是最大的排放产业，在2025年和2040年分别占能源温室气体排放总量的约40%和46%。分析句子结构，主谓宾齐全，不缺少主干成分，设空处可以是修饰成分。副词respectively表示“分别地、各自地”，含义符合句意，可作状语修饰动词accountingfor。故选A项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhatistheGreatPacificGarbagePatch?TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)isthelargestofthefiveoffshoreplasticaccumulationzonesintheworld’soceans.ItislocatedhalfwaybetweenHawaiiandCalifornia.PLASTIC_____21_____Itisestimatedthat1.15to2.41milliontonnesofplasticareenteringtheoceaneachyearfromrivers.Morethanhalfofthisplasticisless_____22_____thanthewater,meaningthatitwillnotsinkonceitencountersthesea.Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韧性)inthemarineenvironment,allowingthemtobetransportedover_____23_____distances.Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheymaketheirwayoffshore,transportedbyconverging(汇聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatinginthepatch.Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（环流）,theyareunlikelytoleavetheareauntilthey_____24_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.Asmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment,microplastic_____25_____intheGPGPwillonlycontinuetoincrease.LOCATIONDuetoseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents,theGPGP’slocationandshapeareconstantlychanging.Onlyfloatingobjectsthatare_____26_____influencedbycurrentswerelikelytoremainwithinthepatch.BysimulatingconcentrationlevelsintheNorthPacific,theresearcherswereabletofollowthelocationofthepatchandfoundonaverageitorbitsaround32°Nand145°W.However,theteamobservedseasonal_____27_____fromwesttoeastandsubstantialvariationsinlatitude（纬度）dependingontheyear.IMPACTONWILDLIFE

8Plastichasincreasinglybecomeaverycommonsubstanceintheocean.Duetoitssizeandcolor,animals_____28_____theplasticforfood,causingmalnutrition;itposesentanglement（缠绕）risksandthreatenstheiroverallbehavior,health,andexistence.Studieshaveshownthatabout700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris,and92%ofthese_____29_____arewithplastic.17%ofthespeciesaffectedbyplasticareontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedListofThreatenedSpecies.IMPACTONHUMANSANDSOCIETYOnceplasticentersthemarinefoodweb,thereisapossibilitythatitwillcontaminatethehumanfoodchainaswell.Throughaprocesscalledbioaccumulation,chemicalsinplasticswillenterthebodyoftheanimal_____30_____ontheplastic,andasthefeederbecomesprey,thechemicalswillpasstothe_____31_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.Thesechemicalsthataffectedtheplasticfeederscouldthenbe_____32_____withinthehumanaswell._____33_____,yearlyeconomiccostsduetomarineplasticareestimatedtobebetween$6-19billionUSD.Thecosts_____34_____itsimpactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.Thesecostsdonotincludetheimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystemdueto_____35_____researchavailable.21.A.ACCUMULATIONB.DRIFTC.FLOATINGD.PROMOTION22.A.lightB.thickC.tinyD.dense23.A.adjustedB.overdoneC.depositedD.extended24.A.upgradeB.degradeC.assembleD.disassemble25.A.transportationB.estimationC.concentrationD.location26.A.predominantlyB.rarelyC.previouslyD.slightly27.A.similarityB.shiftC.boostD.figure28.A.exchangeB.substituteC.leaveD.confuse29.A.implicationsB.interactionsC.interferencesD.influences30.A.restingB.feedingC.riskingD.waiting31.A.marinerB.preyC.trackerD.predator32.A.presentB.absentC.currentD.reliable33.A.LikewiseB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.Therefore34.A.resultinB.removefromC.stemfromD.bringabout35.A.insufficientB.adequateC.insignificantD.substantial

9【答案】21.A22.D23.D24.B25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.B31.D32.A33.C34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界五大海洋塑料堆积区中最大的一个，即大太平洋垃圾带(GPGP)。讲述了它的位置、形成的过程以及带来的消极影响。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：塑料积累。A.ACCUMULATION聚集；B.DRIFT漂流；C.FLOATING漂浮；D.PROMOTION推销。根据下文的“Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheymaketheirwayoffshore,transportedbyconverging(汇聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatinginthepatch.”（当它们离开海岸的时候，它们会一直停留在海面上，被汇聚的洋流输送，最终在这片海域聚集。）可知，是塑料离开海岸，被汇聚的洋流输送，聚集在海域上。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些塑料中有一半以上的密度小于水，这意味着它们一旦遇到大海就不会下沉。A.light轻的；B.thick厚的；C.tiny狭小的；D.dense密度大的。根据后文的“meaningthatitwillnotsinkonceitencountersthesea.”（意思是它一旦遇到大海就不会沉没。），可知这些塑料密度小于水，遇到海水不会下沉。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种坚固而漂浮的塑料在海洋环境中表现出韧性，使它们能够被输送到很远的地方。A.adjusted调整；B.overdone过多；C.deposited放置；D.extended波及，延伸。根据前文中的“Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韧性)inthemarineenvironment.”（这种坚固而漂浮的塑料在海洋环境中表现出韧性）可知，这些塑料由于其韧性，能够漂浮至很远的地方。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些塑料进入环流，它们就不太可能离开这个区域，直到它们在阳光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。A.upgrade升级；B.degrade降解；C.assemble集合；D.disassemble分散。根据后文的“intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.”可知，这些塑料会在阳光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的塑料被丢弃到环境中，GPGP中的微塑料浓度只会继续增加。A.transportation交通；B.estimation估计；C.concentration浓度；D.location位置。根据前文的“Asmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment.”（随着越来越多的塑料被丢弃到环境中），可知越来越多的塑料被扔到海洋中，塑料在海洋中的浓度会不断增加。故选C。

10【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：只有主要受洋流影响的漂浮物体才有可能留在区域内。A.predominantly主要地；B.rarely稀少地；C.previously之前地；D.slightly稍微地。根据前文的“Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（环流）,theyareunlikelytoleavetheareauntilthey_____5_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.”可知，一旦这些塑料垃圾进入到了洋流中，它们不太可能离开这区域，直到它们降解成更小的微塑料。因此这些主要被洋流影响的塑料垃圾一直仍然在这个区域中，故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究小组观察到季节从西到东的变化，以及纬度的重大变化取决于年份。A.similarity相似性；B.shift转变；C.boost增加；D.figure数字。根据前文的“Duetoseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents.”可知，由于风和洋流的季节性和年际变化，所以研究小组观察到了季节性的变化。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于塑料的大小和颜色，动物把塑料错当作食物，导致营养不良；这会带来纠缠的风险，并威胁到他们的整体行为、健康和存在。A.exchange交换；B.substitute代替；C.leave离开；D.confuse弄错。根据后文的“causingmalnutrition;itposesentanglement（缠绕）risksandthreatenstheiroverallbehavior,health,andexistence.”可知，一些动物会把塑料错认为食物，误食它们最终导致营养不良等风险。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，约700种物种遇到过海洋垃圾，其中92%的互动是与塑料产生的。A.implications牵连；B.interactions互动；相互影响；C.interferences干扰；D.influences影响。根据前文的“about700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris”可知，92%的动物都遇到过塑料，故与塑料产生互动。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦塑料进入海洋食物网，它也有可能污染人类的食物链。通过一个被称为生物积累的过程，塑料中的化学物质会进入以塑料为食的动物的身体，当食用者成为猎物时，化学物质会传递给捕食者——在包括人类在内的食物网中一路上升。A.resting休息；B.feeding喂养；C.risking冒险；D.waiting等待。根据后文“andasthefeederbecomesprey,thechemicalswillpasstothe_____11_____”可知，空前应与and后的内容相并列。当食用者成为猎物的时候，化学物质会传递给捕食者。之前的过程应该是塑料中的化学物质会进入以塑料为食的动物的身体。故选B。【31题详解】

11考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.mariner水手；B.prey猎物；C.tracker跟踪者；D.predator捕食者。根据前文“asthefeederbecomesprey”可知，化学物质进入以塑料为食的动物的身体中，捕食者在猎捕它们。化学物质就会进入到捕食者的身体中。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些影响那些吃塑料的动物们的化学物质同时也可能会一直存留在人类体内。A.present出席的，存在于；B.absent缺席的，不存在的；C.current当前的；D.reliable可靠的。根据前文的“thechemicalswillpasstothe_____11_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.”可知，化学物质（微塑料）会进入到包括人类在内的食物网中，人类在捕食了吃了塑料的海洋生物后，这些化学物质也会存在于人类身体中。故选A。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，海洋塑料每年造成的经济损失估计在60-190亿美元之间。A.Likewise同样地；B.However然而；C.Moreover此外；D.Therefore因此。根据后文的“yearlyeconomiccostsduetomarineplasticareestimatedtobebetween$6-19billionUSD.”并结合上文讲述塑料对人类的影响可知，此处是补充阐述海洋塑料带来的经济危害，与前文构成递进关系。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：其成本来自其对旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业以及政府清理的影响。A.resultin导致；B.removefrom移除；C.stemfrom源自于；D.bringabout产生。根据后文的“itsimpactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.”可知，海洋垃圾的经济损失来自于其对旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业以及政府清理方面造成的影响。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些成本不包括由于现有研究不足而对人类健康和海洋生态系统造成的影响。A.insufficient不充足的；B.adequate足够的；C.insignificant不重要的；D.substantial大量的。根据前文的“theimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystem”可知，由于研究的不充足，海洋垃圾对人类健康和海洋生态系统造成的影响还无法计算，因此不能包括其中。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）UncleLeogivesmeasuspiciouslookwhenIcallthisplacethe‘ScacchiPalace’.Itisreallyahouse,called

12Ca’ScacchiinVenetian.Anywhereelseintheworld,thiswouldsurelyberegardedasapalace,althoughitisoneinneedofalittlecareandattention.OurhouseisbythesideofthelittleSanCassiancanalandasmallsquareofthesamename.Wehaveadoorwhichleadsontothestreetandtwoentrancesfromthewater.Onerunsunderagrand,roundedarchintothegroundfloorofthehouse,which,asiscustomaryinthecity,isusedinsteadofacellar(地下室)forstoringthings.Thesecondisusedforourcommercialactivitiesanditissituatedinanotherbuilding,whichisthreestorieshigh,attachedtothenorthside,towardstheGrandCanal.Finally,thereisyetanotherexit:awoodenbridge,withhandrails,runsfromthefirstfloorofthehousebetweenthetworiverentrancesstraightoverthecanalandintothesquareitself.Consequently,Icanwanderoveritinthemorningandfindfreshwaterfromthewellinthecentreofthesquarewhilestillrubbingthesleepfrommyeyes.OrImaycallagondola(威尼斯小划船)frommybedroomwindow,finditwaitingformebythetimeIgetdownstairsand,justoneminutelater,beinthemiddleofthegreatestwaterwayonEarth,theGrandCanalofVenice.Thehouseisalmost200yearsold,Iamtold,andbuiltofbricksofarichdarkbrowncolour.Ithaselegantarchedwindowsandgreen-paintedshutters(百叶窗)tokeepoutthecruelsummerheat.Iliveonthethirdfloorinthethirdroomontherightwithaviewoverthecanalandsquare.WhenIlieinbedatnight,Icanhearthechatterandsongsofthepassinggondoliersandtheconversationsinthesquarenearby.IunderstandwhyUnclerunshisbusinesshere.Thepricesarenottoosteep.Thelocationofthehouseisnearthecitycentreandeasyforourclientstofind.Furthermore,theprintingtradehasmanyrootsinthisareaofVenice,evenifsomeoftheoldpublishersfromtheareanolongerexist.36.Accordingtothewriter,inwhatwayisthehousetypicalofVenice?A.Peopleliveandworkinthesamebuilding.B.Thereareseveralwaysofenteringit.C.Itconsistsoftwoseparatebuildings.D.Thestorageareaisnotbelowground.37.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”(inparagraph2)referto?A.Thefamilybusiness.B.Afloor.C.Anentrance.D.Abuilding.38.Whatdoesthewritersayabouthisuncle’sprintingbusinessinthefourthparagraph?A.Ithasplentyofcustomers.B.Itislessexpensivethanothers.C.It’stheonlyprintingbusinessleftinthedistrict.D.Thereareothersimilarbusinessesinthedistrict.39.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriterregardsVeniceas.

13A.somewherethatcouldneverbehomeB.astrangeandspecialplacetoliveinC.acitywhereit’seasytogetlostD.aplacedominatedbymoney【答案】36.D37.C38.D39.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威尼斯的房子及其特别之处。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Onerunsunderagrand,roundedarchintothegroundfloorofthehouse,which,asiscustomaryinthecity,isusedinsteadofacellarforstoringthings.(一个从巨大的圆形拱门下延伸到房子的一层，这是城市的惯例，用来代替地窖来存放东西)”可知，房子的存储区域不在地下，这是威尼斯的特色。故选D项。【37题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Wehaveadoorwhichleadsontothestreetandtwoentrancesfromthewater.(我们有一扇通向街道门和两个从水里出来的入口)”以及“Thesecondisusedforourcommercialactivitiesanditissituatedinanotherbuilding,whichisthreestorieshigh,attachedtothenorthside,towardstheGrandCanal.(第二个用于我们的商业活动，它位于另一栋三层楼高的建筑中，与北侧相连，朝向大运河)”可知，句中it指代的是上文提到两个入口之一。故选C项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“IunderstandwhyUnclerunshisbusinesshere.Thepricesarenottoosteep.Thelocationofthehouseisnearthecitycentreandeasyforourclientstofind.Furthermore,theprintingtradehasmanyrootsinthisareaofVenice,evenifsomeoftheoldpublishersfromtheareanolongerexist.(我理解叔叔为什么在这里经营他的生意。价格不太高。该房屋位于市中心附近，便于我们的客户找到。此外，印刷业在威尼斯这个地区有许多根源，即使该地区的一些老出版商已不复存在)”可知，该地区价格不高，且位于市中心附近，所以该地区还有其他和叔叔的印刷生意类似的企业。故选D项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Itisreallyahouse,calledCa’ScacchiinVenetian.Anywhereelseintheworld,thiswouldsurelyberegardedasapalace,althoughitisoneinneedofalittlecareandattention.(事实上这是一栋房子，威尼斯人叫Ca’Scacchi。在世界上任何其他地方，这肯定会被视为一座宫殿，尽管它需要一点照顾和关注)”以及文章内容可知，威尼斯的房子奇怪而特别，作者认为威尼斯是一个奇怪而特别的居住地。故选B项。(B)HowtoplaceanOrderofCustomJeans

14SelecttheFabric&Styles→Fabric(布料)—SelecttheFabricfromourlargecollectionofDenimFabricSamples.→SpecialWash—Selectyourfavoritespecialwashtreatmenttomakeyourjeanslookstylish.→ThreadColor—Selectthethreadcoloryouwant.Youcanselectsecondarythreadcoloralso,whichcanbeusedatcertainstitches.Also,youcanspecifywhereyouwanttousethesecondarythreadunderspecialnotattheendofmeasurements.→PocketStyle—Selectthefrontpocket&backpocketstyle.Ifyouwantyourownstyledfront&backpocket,selectmyowndesign&sendusthephotoofthepocketstyleyouwant.Ifyouaregoingwithourdefault(默认)pocketstyle,wewillmakeyourjeanswithbasic5-pocketpattern,whichisuniversalstyleforjeansinallcountriesintheworld.→FlyStyle—Selecttheflystyleyouwant,theZipFlyortheButtonFly.MeasurementsSelectoneoptionfrom“MakeMyJeans”&“CopyAJeans”→MakeMyJeans—FirstSelectfittingtypeaccordingtowhattypeoffittingyouwantforyourjeans.Giveyourexactbodymeasurementsasdescribed&showninthephotos.Wewillleaveextraloosingasdescribedin“FittingGuideTable”.Sorefertotablefirst&thendecideyourfittingtype.→CopyAJeans—Ifyoualreadyhaveaperfectjeansandyoulikeitthemost,thenyoucansendusallthemeasurementstousbyfollowingtheinstructionsin“CopyAJeans”section.Wewillmaketheperfectcopyofyourfavoritejeans.Pleasenotewecancopyonlythemeasurements,notthefabricandaccessories.Themeasurementswritteninthemeasurementsboxbyyouwillbethefinalmeasurementsforyourorderprocessing.Tochangeormodifyit,contactusbyE-mailorbyphoneandwewillinformyouaboutyourorderstatusandwewilltellyouwhatmodificationweareabletodoatthatstage.ConfirmYourOrderBypressingPROCEEDtab,youwillberedirectedto“ConfirmOrder”page.Onthispage,youwillseeallthedetailsyouselectedduringorder,youcanagainmodifyorderbyclickingedittab.Afterconfirmingyourorder,pressPROCEEDtab.MakePaymentYoucanmakepaymentsindifferentways.WeprovidePayPal(directpaybyPayPal&byyourcreditcard),net-banking,chequeorcashdepositandsendademanddraftoptions.DeliveryAfterconfirmationofyourpayment,wewillstartthejeansmakingprocessforyou,andwewilldeliveryour

15jeanswithin30days.Afterdispatchingfromhere,itwilltake3-5daystodeliverinIndiaand6-9daystodeliveroutofIndia.EnjoyWearingSQJeansTM.40.InFabric&Styleswhichitemleavesyouwiththeleastpersonalchoice?A.Fabric.B.ThreadColorC.PocketStyle.D.FlyStyle.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.Beforepayment,youcancheckyourorderindetailandfeelfreetomakemodificationsmultipletimes.B.Iftheorderwithwrongmeasurementshasalreadybeenprocessed,nothingcanbedonetofixthesituation.CThetailorwillmeetalltherequirementsonyourjeansonconditionthatyoustateeverydetailclearlyinyourorder.D.Thetailorwillmakeanidenticalcopyofyourfavoritejeansifyoufollowtheinstructionsin“CopyAJeans”section.42.IfyouplaceanoverseasorderwithfullpaymentsbyPayPalonOctober12,yourjeansareexpectedtoreachyounolaterthanaccordingtotheonlineinformationabove.A.Nov26B.Nov.20C.Nov.16D.Oct.21【答案】40.D41.A42.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是如何订购定制牛仔裤。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据SelecttheFabric&Styles部分的“Fabric(布料)—SelecttheFabricfromourlargecollectionofDenimFabricSamples.(面料——从我们大量的牛仔面料样品中选择面料。)”；“FlyStyle—Selecttheflystyleyouwant,theZipFlyortheButtonFly.(飞行风格——选择你想要的飞行风格，Zip飞行或按钮飞行。)”；“PocketStyle—Selectthefrontpocket&backpocketstyle.Ifyouwantyourownstyledfront&backpocket,selectmyowndesign&sendusthephotoofthepocketstyleyouwant.Ifyouaregoingwithourdefault(默认)pocketstyle,wewillmakeyourjeanswithbasic5-pocketpattern,whichisuniversalstyleforjeansinallcountriesintheworld.(口袋风格——选择前口袋和后口袋风格。如果你想要你自己风格的前和后口袋，选择我自己的设计和发送你想要的我们的照片口袋风格。如果你使用我们默认的口袋样式，我们会为你制作基本的5口袋样式的牛仔裤。)”；“ThreadColor—Selectthethreadcoloryouwant.Youcanselectsecondarythreadcoloralso,whichcanbeusedatcertainstitches.Also,youcanspecifywhereyouwanttousethesecondarythreadunderspecialnotattheendofmeasurements.(

16线的颜色——选择你想要的线的颜色。你也可以选择次要的线色，可以用于某些针脚。此外，你还可以在特殊情况下(不是在测量结束时)指定要使用辅助线程的位置。)”可知，飞行风格的选择最少，只有两种可选。故选D。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据ConfirmYourOrder部分的“Onthispage,youwillseeallthedetailsyouselectedduringorder,youcanagainmodifyorderbyclickingedittab.Afterconfirmingyourorder,pressPROCEEDtab.”(在此页面上，您将看到您在订单期间选择的所有详细信息，您可以通过单击编辑选项卡再次修改订单。)”可知，在付款之前，您可以检查您的订单的细节，并自由地进行多次修改。故选A。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据Delivery部分的“wewilldeliveryourjeanswithin30days.Afterdispatchingfromhere,itwilltake3-5daystodeliverinIndiaand6-9daystodeliveroutofIndia”(将在30天内交货。从这里发货，印度本土需要3-5天，印度以外需要6-9天。)”可知，如果你在10月12日下海外订单，那么将在30天之内发货，从印度寄出海外需6-9天，因此收货时长为36-39天，即最晚不超过11月20日可以收货。故选B。(C)Aseverymobile-phoneownerknows,afterayearorsothebatterystartstofadeandthebeastneedsrechargingmorefrequently.Thatisanuisance,butaphone’sbatteriescanbereplacedfairlycheaplyorthewholehandsettradedinforthelatestmodel.Anelectriccar,however,isamuchbiggerinvestment.Batteriesareitspriciestcomponent,representingaround30%ofanaverageofmid-sizevehicle.Adeterioratingbatteryposesapotentialsafetyhazard,anddestroysitssecond-handvalueaswell.Toprovidebuyerswithsomepeaceofmind,carmakersguaranteetheirbatteries,typicallyforeightyearsoraround200,000km.Producersarenow,though,planningtogomuchfurtherthanthat,withthelaunchof“million-mile”batteries.“It’sagreatcatchphrase;themillion-milebattery,”saysGeorgeCrabtree,directoroftheJointCentreforEnergyStorageResearch.“Butthefactthatyoucandriveamillionmilesmaynotbethemostrelevantparameter(参数)tolookat.”Regularfast-chargingreducesbatterylife,asdoovercharginganddeepdischarging.Drivinginextremelyhotorcoldweatherdoesn’thelpeither.Andbatterylifewilldiminishevenifyoujustleavethecarinthegarage.Therealpointofamillion-milebatteryisthatthetechnologicaladvancesrequiredtomakeitpossiblewilldealwiththesethingsaswell.Thelithium-ion(锂离子)batterieswhichpowerelectriccarsageintwoways:withtimeandwithuse.Battery-makerscalltime-dependentageing“calendarageing”,whichisconsequenceofthegradualdegradationofsomeofthematerialsemployedinbatteryconstruction.Leavingacarwithafullyratherthanpartlycharged

17battery,forexample,canincreasetherateofcalendarageing.Use-dependentageingisaconsequenceofthenumberofdischarge—rechargecyclesabatterygoesthrough.Itiscausedbythecomplexchemicalreactionsthattakeplacewhenabatteryisoperating.Batterytechnologyisimprovingallthetime.Asaconsequence,soarecalendaranduse-dependentlifetimes.Keepingtrackofandstudyingbatteries’performancehelpsresearcherscomeupwithwaystomitigate(缓和)someofthesidereactions.Dealingwithimpuritiesthatgetintobatterieshelpstoextendtheirlives.Forexample,topreventwaterfromforminganacidbyattackingtheelectrodes(电极),GMhasdevelopedanaddictivemadefromzeolites(沸石)—molecularsponges,whichservestomopupanymoisturewhichentersabatterycell.Addingalittlealuminium(铝)booststhebattery’senergydensity,meaningacarcantravelfartheronasinglecharge.Italsomakesthebatterylastlongerandlesscostly.Asamarketingdevice,themillion-milebatterywillgiveelectric-carbuyersmoreconfidenceintheirbatteries.Butitisanythingbutthelimitofengineers’aspirations.ThenextobjectiveistoreplaceLi-ions’liquidelectrolytes(电解液)withsolidones,whichcouldmakeatwo-million-milebatteryafeasibleobjective.Ifthatdaycomes,thetableswouldhavebeenturned.Frombeingthefirstpartofacartofail,itsbatterywillhavecomethelast.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean?A.Itismoreprofitabletoinvestinanelectriccarthaninamobilephone.B.It’smuchmorecostlytoreplacethefailedbatteriesofanelectriccarwithnewones.C.Spendingmoremoneyonanelectriccarcanincreaseitssecond-handvalue.D.Comparedwithelectriccars,batteriesareoflessimportancetomobilephones.44.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheleastlikelytoreduceanelectriccar’sbatterylife?A.Drivinganelectriccaronextremelyhotsummerdays.B.Oftenchargingthecarin‘fast’modetosavetime.C.Unplugginganelectriccaronceit’sfullycharged.D.Leavingthecarintheparkinglotforalongtime.45.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEregardingthemeasuresresearcherstaketoprolongabattery’slifetime?A.Usingaluminiumtoimprovethebattery’sperformanceenablingthecartotravelfarther.B.Keepingthebatterypartlychargedtoreduceitsrateof‘calendarageing’.C.Monitoringandstudyingbatteries’performanceinlong-distancetraveling.D.Addingzeolitetoencouragetheacidifyingchemicalreactioninthebattery.

1846.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.A.Electriccarengineersarealwaysonthegotodevelopbatterieswithgreaterlongevity.B.Thecurrenttechnologyhasenabledanelectriccartodriveamillionmilesonasinglecharge.C.Policiesonthechoiceofbatterymaterialswillbetightenedtocontrolthetravelingrange.D.Driversoffutureelectriccarswillnolongerbeworriedaboutbatteryfailure.【答案】43.B44.C45.D46.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述电动车的电池的寿命以及技术等相关信息。【43题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Thatisanuisance,butaphone’sbatteriescanbereplacedfairlycheaplyorthewholehandsettradedinforthelatestmodel.(这很讨厌，但手机的电池可以相当便宜地更换，或者用整个手机换成最新款。)”可知，手机电池更换不贵。根据划线句中的However可知前后是转折关系，由此猜测划线部分句子意为“电动车更换电池很贵”。故选B。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Regularfast-chargingreducesbatterylife,asdoovercharginganddeepdischarging.(定期快速充电会缩短电池寿命，过度充电和深度放电也会缩短电池寿命)”可知，电池充满电就拔下来不会缩短电池寿命。故选C。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Forexample,topreventwaterfromforminganacidbyattackingtheelectrodes(电极),GMhasdevelopedanaddictivemadefromzeolites(沸石)—molecularsponges,whichservestomopupanymoisturewhichentersabatterycell.(例如，为了防止水通过腐蚀电极形成酸，通用汽车公司开发了一种由沸石分子海绵制成的添加剂，用于清除进入电池的任何水分。)”可知添加沸石是为了防止水通过腐蚀电极形成酸，不会促进酸化反应，D项“添加沸石以促进电池中的酸化化学反应。”错误。故选D。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Asamarketingdevice,themillion-milebatterywillgiveelectric-carbuyersmoreconfidenceintheirbatteries.Butitisanythingbutthelimitofengineers’aspirations.ThenextobjectiveistoreplaceLi-ions’liquidelectrolytes(电解液)withsolidones,whichcouldmakeatwo-million-milebatteryafeasibleobjective.(作为一种营销手段，百万英里电池将使电动汽车购买者对其电池更有信心。但这绝不是工程师们的愿望的极限。下一个目标是用固体电解质取代锂离子的液体电解质，这可能使200万英里的电池成为一个可行的目标。)”可知，工程师一直在努力开发寿命更长的电池。故选A。

19SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Dolphinslearnspecialforaging(捕食)techniquesfromtheirmothersandit'snowclearthattheycanlearnfromtheirbuddiesaswell.____47____Itturnsoutthattheylearnthisskillbywatchingtheirpalsdothejob.Thediscovery,reportedinthejournalCurrentBiology,helpsrevealhowgroupsofwildanimalscantransmitlearnedbehaviorsanddeveloptheirowndistinctcultures."Dolphinsareindeedverycleveranimals.Soitmakessensethattheyareabletolearnfromothers,"saysSonjaWild,aresearcherattheUniversityofKonstanzinGermany.___48___Thisstudy,however,showsthatdolphinsarealsomotivatedtolearnfromtheirpeersinadditiontomimickingtheirmothers.Thebottle-nosedolphinsthatliveinSharkBay,WesternAustralia,havebeenstudiedfordecades,andscientistshaveidentifiedoverathousandindividualsbylookingattheuniqueshapeandmarkingsoftheirdorsalfins.Researchersknowwhatfamiliesthedolphinsbelongto,andkeeptrackoftheircloseassociates.Wildandhercolleagueshavecloselyexaminedhowdolphinslearnparticularstrategyforcatchingfish---onethatinvolvesusingtheemptyshellsoflargeseasnails.Adolphinwillchaseafishtooneoftheseshells,andthentheyinserttheirbeakintotheshell,bringthewholethinguptotheface.Afterthat,theyshakeitupabovethewatersurfacetodrainthewateroutoftheshelluntilthefishbasicallyfallsintotheiropenmouth.Whetherornotdolphinscaughtfishinthiswaydidn'tseemtobeexplainedbyhowmanyshellswerelyingaroundtheirhuntingarea,norwhetheradolphinwasgeneticallyrelatedtoanotherdolphinthatknewhowtodoit._____49_____Previously,it'sbeenshownthathumpbackwhalesseemtolearnhuntingtechniquesfromtheirpeersinasimilarway.Thenewobservationsofwilddolphinslearningfromtheirpeersis"exciting,"saysDianaReiss,adolphincognitionresearcheratHunterCollege,CUNY,"Ittellsusaboutthesourceofsomethesebehaviors.Itseemslikethey'renotrelyingonjustleamingfrommomwhenthey'reoutthere.Theyseemtobeobservingothers,watchingwhatthey'redoingandacquiringitfromothersintheirsocialgroup."Beingabletolearnfrompeersmayhelpanimalpopulationssurviveinachangingenvironment._____50_____"Inunstableenvironmentsthatarechanging,it'smorebeneficialtokindoflookaroundandseewhatothersaredoing"saysWild,"andmaybeadopttheirbehavioralinnovationsthatmaybemoreadaptivetothenewenvironmentalconditions."A.Thebestexplanationisthatdolphinslearnedthismethodfromacloseassociate.B.Researchshowsthatthisbehaviorgetspasseddownalmostexclusivelythroughthematernalline.

20C.Youngdolphinsspendyearsincloseassociationwiththeirmothersandnaturallytendtoadopttheirmothers'waysD.Becausewhileknowledgefrompreviousgenerationshasbeentestedbytime,certainbehaviorsmaybecomelessusefulifconditionschange.E.Take,forexample,theclevertrickthatsomedolphinsusetocatchfishbytrappingtheminseashells.F.Basedonthisassertion,wecan'tdiscountthepossibilitythattheyinnovateindividuallyontheirown.【答案】47.E48.C49.A50.D【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了海豚能够从伙伴那里学习，以利于自己更加适应新的环境。【47题详解】根据第一句“Dolphinslearnspecialforagingtechniquesfromtheirmothersandit'snowclearthattheycanlearnfromtheirbuddiesaswell.”表示海豚能通过自己的伙伴学习捕食。下文中“Itturnsoutthattheylearnthisskillbywatchingtheirpalsdothejob.”中“thisskill”应该是前一句中指代的具体的技能。“Take,forexample,theclevertrickthatsomedolphinsusetocatchfishbytrappingtheminseashells.（举个例子，一些海豚用巧妙的把戏把鱼困在贝壳里）”中描述的即为这种技能。故选E项。【48题详解】根据上文SonjaWild说的话，并结合下文中的“Thisstudy,however,showsthatdolphinsarealsomotivatedtolearnfromtheirpeersinadditiontomimickingtheirmothers.（然而，这项研究表明，除了模仿母亲之外，海豚也有向同伴学习的动机）”可知，空格处的句子应该描述海豚模仿母亲学习技能这件事。“Youngdolphinsspendyearsincloseassociationwiththeirmothersandnaturallytendtoadopttheirmothers'ways（年幼的海豚与母亲相处数年，自然地倾向于采取母亲的方式）”符合此处语境。故选C项。【49题详解】本段为上一段海豚捕鱼方式的解释。根据“Whetherornotdolphinscaughtfishinthiswaydidn'tseemtobeexplainedbyhowmanyshellswerelyingaroundtheirhuntingarea,norwhetheradolphinwasgeneticallyrelatedtoanotherdolphinthatknewhowtodoit.（海豚是否以这种方式捕鱼似乎不能用它们捕猎区域周围有多少贝壳来解释，也不能用海豚和其他知道如何捕鱼的海豚是否有遗传关系来解释）”可知，此处应该点出具体的原因。“Thebestexplanationisthatdolphinslearnedthismethodfromacloseassociate.（最好的解释是海豚从一个亲近的伙伴那里学到了这种方法）”中“bestexplanation”与第一句的“didn'tseemtobeexplained”对应，且下一句为对于这一解释的例子的补充。故选A项。【50题详解】本段主题句为第一句，表示学习同伴技能的好处。下文Wild说的话也证明了这一观点。“Becausewhile

21knowledgefrompreviousgenerationshasbeentestedbytime,certainbehaviorsmaybecomelessusefulifconditionschange.（因为尽管来自前几代人的知识已经经过了时间的考验，但如果条件改变，某些行为可能会变得不那么有用）”为对于主题句的原因补充，符合此处语境。故选D项。IV.Translation(15’)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.51.每个人都渴望成功，但成功只属于那些拥有成长心态的人。(desire)（汉译英）【答案】Everyonehasadesireforsuccessbutsuccessonlybelongstothosewhohaveagrowthmindset.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。此句描写的是一般的情况，用一般现在时。表示“每个人”英文为everyone；表示“渴望”短语为haveadesirefor；表示“成功”的英文为success；表示“属于”用短语belongto；表示“但”可用英文but；表示“拥有成长心态的人”处理为修饰those（那些人）的定语从句，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who引导，整句表达为whohaveagrowthmindset。故可翻译为Everyonehasadesireforsuccessbutsuccessonlybelongstothosewhohaveagrowthmindset.52.植物物种并不是广阔的热带雨林中面临灭绝威胁的唯一生命形式。(threaten)（汉译英）【答案】Plantspeciesarenottheonlyformsoflife(thatare)threatenedwithextinctioninthevastrainforest.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语名词和定语从句/非谓语动词。表示“植物物种”短语为plantspecies；表示“广阔的热带雨林中”短语为inthevastrainforest；表示“唯一生命形式”短语为theonlyformoflife；表示“面临灭绝威胁”短语为bethreatenedwithextinction，省略be，用过去分词在此句中作后置定语，可用that引导的定语从句表达（指代先行词forms并在从句中作主语），描述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，故翻译为Plantspeciesarenottheonlyformsoflife(thatare)threatenedwithextinctioninthevastrainforest.53.极可能对自然资源负责任的开发会使当地经济保持增长到下个十年。（likelihood,sustain）（汉译英）【答案】Inalllikelihood,thelocaleconomywillsustainitsgrowthintothenextdecadeduetotheresponsibleexploitationofnaturalresources.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。表示“极可能”短语为inalllikelihood，在句中作状语；表示“当地经济”短语为thelocaleconomy；表示“保持增长到下个十年”短语为sustainitsgrowthintothenextdecade；表示“对自然资源负责任的”在此表原因，可翻译为duetotheresponsibleexploitationofnaturalresources。根据句意可知，此句是未发生的事，用一般将来时。结合其他汉语提示，故可翻译为Inalllikelihood,thelocaleconomywillsustainitsgrowthintothenextdecadeduetotheresponsibleexploitationof

22naturalresources.54.尽管那时损失严重，但他们没有灰心，没有绝望，而是同心协力，终于克服了暂时的困难。(as)（汉译英）【答案】Severeasthedamagewasatthattime,theydidn’tloseheartorsinkintodespairbutinstead,theymadejointeffortsandeventuallyovercamethetemporarydifficulty.【解析】【详解】考查倒装，动词和名词。as意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句要使用倒装结构。表示没有“没有灰心”应用didn’tloseheart；表示“没有绝望”应用didn’tsinkindespair；表示“同心协力”应用makejointefforts；表示“克服暂时的困难”应用overcamethetemporarydifficulty。根汉语提示，整句话是对过去事实的描述，故应该用一般过去时。故翻译为Severeasthedamagewasatthattime,theydidn’tloseheartorsinkintodespairbutinstead,theymadejointeffortsandeventuallyovercamethetemporarydifficulty.听力答案：1-10BDCCBDCBAD11-20.CCBDDCABCA

23