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2021学年高三第二学期阶段性检测英语试卷(完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分)I.ListeningComprehension(30分)SectionA(共10分，每小题1分。每小题只有一个正确答案。)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inahospital.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atabank.D.Atacinema.2.A.15minutes.B.30minutes.C.45minutes.D.60minutes.3.A.Visithermother.B.Buysomelunch.C.Gotoacafeteria.D.Sendhermothertohospital.4.A.Theyneedtopreparemorefoodfortheparty.B.Notmorethan100peoplewillattendtheparty.C.Hehasinvitedmorethan100peopletotheparty.D.Thereisnoneedtoworryabouttonight’sweather.5A.Cuttingdownonsmoking.B.Nottakingmedicineontime.C.Neglectingthedoctor’sadvice.D.Nothavingenoughsleep.6.A.Carpetcleaners.B.Specialmaterials.C.Shoes.D.Cellphones.7.A.Keepquietinclass.B.Talktotheprofessor.C.Arriveatclasspunctually.D.Borrownotesfromhisclassmates.8.A.Thewomanshouldbeintheplay.B.Heplanstosingasongforthemusical.C.Thewomanhadbetterasksomeoneelse.D.Heisinterestedinjoiningthedramaclub.9.A.Heistoosicktohaveanyvisitor.B.Hehaschangedhisplan.C.Hisflightwascancelled.D.Hisflightwasdelayed.
110.A.He’llhelpthewomanpayherphonebill.B.Healsohasaveryhighphonebillthismonth.C.Thewomanshouldcontactthephonecompany.D.Thewomanshouldmakefewerlong-distancecalls.SectionB(共20分，每小题2分。每小题只有一个正确答案。)Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itmakesbacteriaunabletosurvive.B.Itdrivesbacteriaoutofthefood.C.Itdissolveseasilyinwater.D.Itproduceslittlewater.12.A.Greedypeople.B.Unimportantpeople.C.Richpeople.D.Diligentpeople.13.A.Itcouldbeusedtoproduceotherthings.B.Itservedascurrencyintrade.C.Itwasusefulandrare.D.Itwaseasytoget.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theyfeedonotheranimals’deadbodies.B.Theyarenowmorefriendlytohumanbeings.C.Theyfeelsadforothergroupmembers’death.D.Theyhaveabiggerpopulationthantheyusedto.15.A.Aconservationist’sencouragement.B.Theapproachingschoolsciencefair.C.Hisinterestinwildanimals.D.Theraresightofthisanimal.16.A.Theymoveditbackhome.B.Theyoftenpaidvisitstoit.
2C.Theystayedawayfromit.D.Theykeptitcompanyallday.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Ajewelleryshop.B.Anattemptedcrime.C.Astolennecklace.D.Anunusualcheat.18.A.It’sunusual.B.It’scommon.C.It’sdifferent.D.It’seasy.19.A.Theyweremembersofagang.B.Theywereshopassistants.C.Theywerehermanagers.D.Theywerepolicemen.20.A.Disappointed.B.Worried.C.Relieved.D.Understanding.II.GrammarandVocabulary(25分)SectionA(共10分，每小题1分。)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithaseverepaindisease,JakeSmithfromColoradoleanedonmusictocope.TheproblemfirststartedforSmithwhenhewasafreshmaninhighschoolHesufferedaconcussion(脑震荡)whileplayingbasketball.Thesymptomsdidn’tseemtogoawayafterseveralmonths.Doctorsdiscoveredasmallfracture(裂痕)inSmith’sskull____1____wascausingthepressureandtheheadaches.Theteenagerhadsurgerytorepairit,butwhenhewokeup,theproblemwasmuchworse.Formonths,hewasinnearconstantpain.“ItwasthefirsttimeinmylifethatI____2____(experience)apainsevereenoughtoactuallyunderstandwhypeoplewouldkillthemselvesbecauseofthepain,”Smithsaid.DoctorseventuallydiagnosedhimwithTrigeminalNeuralgia(三叉神经痛),adisorderthatcausesseverepainintheface.T.N.,____3____it’salsocalled,getsworseovertimeandisincurable.Doctorscallitsuicidediseasebecausetheythinkit’s____4____(painful)thingahumancanexperience.Andtheyestimatethat25percentofpeoplewhohavethisdiseaseendupkillingthemselves.____5____(Face)thatawfulreality,Smithturnedtosomethinghe’dknownsincehewasfiveyearsold—playingthepiano.____6____hewasintoomuchpaintosleep,hewouldbeinthebasementonhiskeyboardplayingallnightlong.Thekeyswouldn’ttakethepainaway,butthenoteswouldmakeitmorebearable.Whiledealingwiththeimmensepain,thethen-18-year-oldwrotehisfirstalbum,Loreto.Hepublishedall17songsonhiswebsite,freeforall,____7____(aim)tooffersomecomforttopeoplealsogoingthroughpain.
3ThatideapromptedSmith____8____(start)songdedications(为别人写歌).HewouldtakerequestswithinonlinegroupsforpeoplesufferingfromT.N.orotherpaindisordersandwritepersonalizedmelodiesforthem.____9____hisownsuffering,hecomposedsongslike“AdinaDefeatsDespair,”“Maija’sWaterfall”and“Marsha’sSnowyMountain,”sometimesbasedonaperson’srequestedpeacefulplace.“AlotofpeoplesaythatwhenIwritethemasongandtheylistentoit,theirpainisalittlelessened.So,Iguessthat’s____10____Ikeepdoingit,”hesaid.The20-year-oldhassofarpublishedover100songsonhiswebsite.HiseffortstohelppeoplewithT.N.haveexpandedtoincludeotherpaindiseases,aswellascancer.SectionB(共15分，每小题1.5分。)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.dateB.currentC.timelyD.approachE.propertiesF.literallyG.applicationsH.alternativeI.implementationJ.leaksK.potentiallyResearchershaveusedliquidmetalstoturncarbondioxidebackintosolidcoal,inaworld-firstbreakthroughthatcouldtransformour____11____tocarboncaptureandstorage.TheresearchteamledbyRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,havedevelopedanewtechniquethatcanefficientlyconvertCO2fromagasintosolidparticlesofcarbon.PublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,theresearchoffersa(n)____12____pathwayforsafelyandpermanentlyremovingthegreenhousegasfromouratmosphere.CurrenttechnologiesforcarboncaptureandstoragefocusoncompressingCO2intoaliquidform,transportingittoasuitablesiteandinjectingitunderground.But____13____hasbeenhindered(阻碍)byengineeringchallengesissuesaroundeconomicfeasibilityandenvironmentalconcernsaboutpossible____14____fromthestoragesites.RMITresearcherDrTorbenDaenekesaidconvertingCO2intoasolidcouldbeamoresustainableapproach.“Whilewecan’t____15____turnbacktime,turningcarbondioxidebackintocoalandburyingitbackinthegroundisabitlikerewindingtheemissionsclock,”Daeneke,anAustralianResearchCouncilDECRAFellow,said.“To____16____,CO2hasonlybeenconvertedintoasolidatextremelyhightemperatures,makingitindustriallyunfeasible.”Byusingliquidmetalsasacatalyst,we’veshownit’spossibletoturnthegasbackintocarbonatroomtemperature,inaprocessthat’sefficientandscalable.Whilemoreresearchneedstobedone,it'sa
4crucialfirststeptodeliveringsolidstorageofcarbon.”HowthecarbonconversionworksLeadauthor,DrDornaEsrafilzadeh,aVice-Chancellor’sResearchFellowinRMIT’sSchoolofEngineering,developedtheelectrochemicaltechniquetocaptureandconvertatmosphericCO2tostorablesolidcarbon.ToconvertCO2,theresearchersdesignedaliquidmetalcatalystwithspecificsurface____17____thatmadeitextremelyefficientatconductingelectricitywhilechemicallyactivatingthesurface.Thecarbondioxideisdissolved(溶解)inabeaker(无柄塑料杯)filledwithanelectrolyteliquidandasmallamountoftheliquidmetal,whichisthenchargedwithanelectrical____18____.TheCO2slowlyconvertsintosolidflakesofcarbon,whicharenaturallydetached(脱离)fromtheliquidmetalsurface,allowingthecontinuousproductionofcarbonaceoussolid.Esrafilzadehsaidthecarbonproducedcouldalsobeusedasanelectrode.“Asidebenefitoftheprocessisthatthecarboncanholdelectricalcharge,becomingasupercapacitor(电容器),soitcould____19____beusedasacomponentinfuturevehicles.Theprocessalsoproducessyntheticfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrial____20____.”III.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(共15分，每小题1分。)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestareindescribable.Itisimpossibleto____21____onfilm,todescribeinwords,ortoexplaintothosewhohaveneverhadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.Rainforestshave____22____overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyaretoday.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand____23____renewablenaturalresourcesthatforages,byvirtueoftheirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecies,have____24____awealthofresourcesforthesurvivalandwell-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsupplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices,industrialrawmaterials,andmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.____25____,theinnerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate(错综复杂的)andfragilesystem.Everythingisso____26____thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadly,ithastakenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto____27____forever.Thescaleofhuman____28____onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.
5Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen—atacostofour____29____.In2001,TheWorldResourcesInstituteestimatedthatthedemandforrice,wheat,andcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020,increasingirrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebytheyear2050;____30____,itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworld’sdemandforwood.In1950,about15percentoftheEarth’slandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Today,morethanhalfhasalreadygoneupin____31____.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld’stropicalrainforestshavefallen____32____tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievably,morethan200,000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeveryday,and78millionacreslosteveryyear!Morethan20percentoftheAmazonrainforestisalreadygone,andmuchmoreisseverelythreatenedasthedestructioncontinues.ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarateof20,000squaremilesayear.Ifnothingisdonetocurb(抑制)this____33____,theentireAmazoncouldwellbegonewithinfiftyyears.Massive____34____bringswithitmanyuglyconsequences—airandwaterpollution,soilerosion,malariaepidemics,thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereandthe____35____ofbiodiversitythroughextinctionofplantsandanimals.Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.21.A.maintainB.captureC.claimD.prove22.A.changedB.evolvedC.expandedD.existed23.A.energizingB.healingC.isolatingD.breathing24.A.contributedB.storedC.reducedD.affected25.A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Otherwise26.A.activeB.sensitiveC.interdependentD.delicate27.A.restoreB.supportC.reviveD.last28.A.pressureB.powerC.concernD.strength29.A.existenceB.ecosystemC.planetD.survival30.A.unfortunatelyB.consequentlyC.naturallyD.similarly31.A.storeB.foodC.smokeD.wealth32.A.subjectB.downC.apartD.victim33.A.trendB.practiceC.increaseD.attitude34.A.protectionB.industrializationC.modernizationD.deforestation
635.A.appearanceB.explosionC.lossD.increaseSectionB(共22分，每小题2分。)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)In2002,WilliamKamkwambahadtodropoutofschool,ashisfather,atobaccofarmer,couldnolongeraffordhisschoolfees.Despitethat,Williamwasdeterminedtogethiseducation.Hebeganvisitingalocallibrarythathadjustopenedinhisoldprimaryschool,wherehediscoveredasciencebook.WithonlyabasicgraspofEnglish,hetaughthimselfbasicphysics.Anotherbookhefoundtherefeaturedwindmillsonthecoverandinspiredhimtotryandbuildhisown.Hestartedbyconstructingasmallmodel.Then,withthehelpofacousinandfriends,hespentmanyweekssearchingyardsandfoundoldtractorfans,shockabsorbers,plasticpipesandbicycleparts,whichheusedtobuildtherealthing.Whathehadbuiltwasacrudemachinethatpoweredfourlights.Whenitwasalldone,thewindmill’swingsmeasuredmorethaneightfeetandsatontopofatower15feettallthatswayedviolentlyinstrongwinds.Heeventuallyreplacedthetowerwithamorestableonethatstands39feet,andbuiltasecondmachinethatwateredafamilygarden.ThewindmillbroughtWilliamKamkwambainstantlocalfame,butdespitehisaccomplishment,hewasstillunabletoreturntoschool.However,newsofhismagetsiamphepo—electricwind—spreadbeyondMalawi,wherehelived,andeventuallythingsbegantochange.Aneducationofficial,whohadheardnewsofthewindmill,cametovisithisvillageandwasamazedtolearnthatWilliamhadbeenoutofschoolforfiveyears.Hearrangedforhimtoattendsecondaryatthegovernment’sexpenseandbroughtjournaliststothefarmtoseethewindmill.ThenastorypublishedintheMalawiDailyMailcaughttheattentionofbloggers,whichinturncaughttheattentionoforganisersfortheTechnologyEntertainmentandDesignconference.In2007,WilliamspokeattheTEDGlobalconferenceinTanzania.Businessmensteppedforwardwithofferstofundhiseducationandprojects,andwithmoneydonatedbythem,hewasabletoputhiscousinandseveralfriendsbackintoschoolandpayforsomemedicalneedsofhisfamily.36.WhatdidWilliamKamkwambadoafterhedroppedoutofschool?A.Hejoinedhisfatherinfarming.B.Hetaughthimselfphysics.C.Heworkedforalocallibrary.D.HebegantolearnEnglish.37.Theword“swayed”(inparagraph3)mostprobablymeans________.
7A.madeabignoiseB.movedfromsidetosideC.producedmoreelectricityD.collapsedfromthemiddle38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.William’slocalfamefadedverysoon.B.AneducationofficialwroteastoryaboutWilliam.C.Williamreturnedtoschoolwiththefundsfromthegovernment.D.The2007TEDGlobalconferencefirstlettheworldknowWilliam’swindmills.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.WilliamKamkwamba’schildhood.B.WilliamKamkwamba’swindmills.C.WilliamKamkwamba’stalents.D.WilliamKamkwamba’sfame.(B)Registrationnowopenforthe2019StudentResearchShowcaseResearchersoftenfinditdifficulttotalkabouttheirprojectswithfriendsandrelativeswhoarenotinthesameresearchfield.Thosewhoareabletoeffectivelycommunicatetheirworktoabroaderaudienceareatanadvantageintermsofcommunicatingthevalueofwhattheydotothepublic,tosuperiorsatschooloronthejob,andtoorganizationsthatcouldprovidefundingtosupportaproject.SigmaXi’sStudentResearchShowcaseisauniqueopportunityforhighschool,undergraduate,andgraduatestudentstodeveloptheircommunicationskillsthroughmultimedia.Heldannually,thisonlinesciencecommunicationcompetitionallowsstudentstoshowcasetheirresearchonawebsitetheybuild.Thecompetitionisopentoallresearchareas.Presentationwebsitescontainthreemainparts:anabstract,atechnicalslideshow,andavideotointroducetheprojectanditsrelevancetotheresearchcommunityandsociety.Thevideopartchallengesparticipantstopresenttheirresearchtoageneralaudience.Duringthereviewperiod,morethansixtySigmaXimembersvolunteerasjudgestoevaluatestudents'submissions(递交的作品)andengageindigitalconversationswithpresentersthroughtheirwebsites.Participantsfinddiscussionwithjudgesandthepublichelpfulinbetterunderstandingtheirresearch.“I’mreallyexcitedabouttryingtobridgethegapbetweenthescientificcommunityandabroaderaudience,”saidLuka
8Negoita,the2015graduatedivisionwinner,whenaskedabouthismotivationtoparticipateintheshowcase.Participantscompeteforawardsofupto$500inhighschool,undergraduate,andgraduatedivisions.ThewinnerofthePeople’sChoiceAwardisselectedbasedonapublicvoteandreceivesa$250award.Keydeadlinesforthe2017StudentResearchShowcase:▪️Projectdescriptionapprovalandregistrationdeadline:February22,2019▪️Projectsubmissiondeadline:March22,2019▪️Evaluationperiod:April3—10,2019SigmaXimembersareencouragedtovolunteerasjudges.FormoreinformationontheStudentResearchShowcase,visithttps://www.sigmaxi.org/meetings-events/student-research-showcase.40.StudentResearchShowcaseisintendedto________.A.spotthestudentswhowilldevotethemselvestoresearchB.findouttheresearchareathatispopularwithstudentsC.helpstudentstousemultimediamoreskillfullyDgivestudentsachancetopresenttheirresearch41.Studentsmustcommunicatetheirresearchtothepublicinthepartof________ontheirwebsites.A.theabstractB.thetechnicalslideshowC.thevideoD.thediscussion42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofStudentResearchShowcase?A.ParticipantshavetosubmittheirprojectsbyFebruary22atthelatest.B.ThepublicwilldecidewhichprojectwinsPeople’sChoiceAward.C.SigmaXiwillemployworld-famousscientiststobethejudges.D.Nocommunicationisallowedbetweenjudgesandparticipants.(C)DigitalassistantssuchasSiriareincreasinglycommononphonesandcomputers.Developinganemotionalrelationshipwithapieceofsoftwarecan,however,bringdiscomforttosomepeople.AsastudypublishedinPsychologicalSciencebyParkDaeun,ofChungbukNationalUniversityinSouth
9Korea,andhercolleagues,shows,oneemotionsometimesinvolvedinmachine-humaninteractionisembarrassment.DrParkandherteamrecruited187participantsintotheirstudy.Tostartwith,eachwaspresentedwithaseriesofstatementslike“youhaveacertainamountofintelligence,andyoucan’treallydomuchtochangeit”,and“youcanalwayssubstantiallychangehowintelligentyouare”.Participantsratedtheirresponsestothesestatementsonasix-pointscale,onwhichonemeant“stronglydisagree”andsixmeant“stronglyagree”.ThereasonforthisinitialtestwasthatDr.Parkknewfrompreviousworkthat,inacademicsettings,thosewhobelieveintelligencetobechangeablearecomfortableaskingforassistancewhilethosewhobelieveittobefixedoftenfeelashamedtodoso.Theinitialtestdone,theresearcherspresentedtheirvolunteerswithasecondtest,whichinvolvedlookingat16setsofthreewordsandtryingtothinkofafourthwordthatlinkedthem.Forexample,whenoffered“room,blood,salts”,acorrectanswerwouldbe“bath”.Sometimesthefirstthreewordswereaccompaniedbyanunrequestedhint(intheexamplegiven,thiswas“tub”).Sometimestheywerenot.Hintsappearedasthewrittenformofthewordinquestion,accompaniedbyacomputer-shapedicon(图形).Forhalfofparticipantsthisiconhadahumanlikeface,andthehintwasplacedinsideaspeechbubbleoriginatingfromthatface,thusanthropomorphising(赋予人性)thepresentationtosomedegree.Fortheotherhalftheiconlackedafaceandtherewasnospeechbubble.Afterthefinalsetofwordshadbeendisplayed,participantswereaskedtoagreeordisagreewithfollow-upstatementsabouttheirexperience,suchas“itwasembarrassingtoreceivehelpduringthetask”,and“othersmightthinkIamincompetent(无能的)becauseIreceivedhelpduringthetask.”Thistime,theyquantifiedtheirfeelingsonaseven-pointscale,withhighscoresrepresentinggreaterfeelingsofunease.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhobelievedintelligencetobeunchangeable(thetopsixthofthesample)feltmoreembarrassedandmoreincompetentafterthetests.Theyaveraged3.2whenmeasuredforfeelingsofshameandembarrassmentifthecomputericonstheyhadseengivingthehintshadhadfacesandspeechbubbles.Butonly2.7ifnot.Incontrast,peoplewhostronglybelievedthatintelligencecouldbechangedovertime(thebottomsixthofthesample)feltthesamelevelofdiscomfort(around2.5)whetherornottheiconshadbeenanthropomorphised.43.Theinitialtestismeanttoclassifytheparticipantsaccordingto________.A.howintelligenttheyareinacademicsettingsB.howfamiliartheyarewithpreviousresearchC.howmuchtheyagreewithDrPark’sviewpoint
10D.howmuchtheybelieveintelligenceisunchangeable44.Inthesecondtest,theparticipantswererequiredto________.A.requestausefulhintatapropertimeB.linkthefourwordsgivenwithakeywordC.tellcomputer-shapediconsfromface-shapedonesD.answerwhethertheyfeelcomfortabletoreceivehelp45.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheresultsofDr.Parkandhisteam’sstudy?A.Thosewhobelieveintelligencecanchangearemorelikelytorefusecomputers’assistance.B.Thoseregardingintelligenceasfixedmayfeellessateasewhenturningtocomputers.C.Thoseregardingintelligenceasfixedaremorelikelytofeelembarrassedinreallife.D.Thosewhobelieveintelligencecanchangearemorecapablethanthosewhodon’t.46.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.Howmachine-humaninteractionwilldevelopremainstobeseen.B.Peopleneedtochangetheirunderstandingofartificialintelligence.C.Sometimes,computerprogramsseemtoohumanfortheirowngood.D.Sofar,thedigitalassistantshavenottakenhumanemotionintoaccount.SectionC(共8分，每小题2分。)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Thewayindividualscollectivelyremember,forget,andrecallevents,people,places,etc,hasbeenanimportanttopicofresearchoncollectivememory.____47____Hedevelopedtheconceptofcollectivememory,arguingthatindividuals’memoriesareonlyunderstoodwithinthecontextofagroupthroughtimeandspace.____48____Theyincludetheoreticalconcepts,thestudyofhistoricalsources,oralhistories,casestudies,interviews,andsurveys.Forexample,onegroupofresearchcarriedoutseveralinterviewstoinvestigateyoungerandolderAmericanadultsforthreewars,namely,theCivilWar,WorldWarIIandtheIraqwar.AlthoughAmericansofdifferentagesrecalledsimilarevents,theinterpretationofsomeeventschangedoverthegenerations:bothyoungerandolderadultsrecalledthebombingsofHiroshimaandNagasaki,however,theydifferedinhowtheyratedthebombings.Morerecentlymemorystudyscholarstendtostressthesignificanceofthemediainshapingcollectivememories:“Cultureandindividualmemoryareconstantlyproducedthroughthetechnologyofmemory.”Under
11thisperspective,researchofteninvolvescontentanalysisofnewsandtheuseofsurveysorinterviewsforanalyzingthepublicmemory.Alternatively,scholarshavestudiedtheroleofjournalistsascollectivememoryagentsbymanuallyanalyzingthestoriesjournaliststellasprofessionalsandthestoriestheytellabouttheirprofession.____49____However,developmentsindigitaltechnologiesinrecentyearshavesignificantlyinfluencedhowwetrackeventsbothasindividualsandasacollective,“TheInternetdoesn’tforget.”TheInternethashadstrongimpactsonmemoryandtheprocessesofrememberingandforgetting.____50____AnalyzingdifferentWebdocuments,researchershaveshownthatmorerecentpasteventsarerememberedmorevividlyinthepresent.A.Thereareafewrelativelysimplethingsapersoncandotohelpimprovetheirmemory.B.Meanwhile,ithasconvertedcollectivememoryintoanobservablephenomenonthatcanbetrackedandmeasuredonline.C.Recentlydevelopedinformationtechnologies,particularlytheInternet,haveaffectedhowwecreate,storeandrecallinformation.D.MauriceHabwahsisgenerallyrecognizedasthefatherofcollectivememoryresearch.E.Inallcases,mostoftheresearchmethodsappliedtomemorystudiesrelyonlongprocedures.F.Researchoncollectivememoryisoftenbasedonvariousaspects.IV.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readingthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagewithnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BuildingaGreenerFutureWhichismoreimportantwhendesigningabuilding:beautyorfunction?Atthestartofthetwentiethcentury,LouisSullivan,oneofthecreatorsofmodernarchitecture,saidthat‘formfollowsfunction’.However,manypeopledisagreewiththisandfeelthatbeautyisamoreimportantfactorinarchitecturaldesign.Inthemodernworld,itseemsthatmostarchitectscombinebothideas:aimingtocreatebuildingswhicharebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Thereasonforcreatingabuildinginthefirstplaceisclearlyveryimportant.Forexample,whenbuildinganairportterminal,youneedtothinkoftheneedsofpassengersaswellasplanes.Passengerswanttogettotheirplaneasquicklyastheycan,andplanesneedtobeparkedinthemostefficientwaypossible.Beauty,however,isalsoclearlyimportantwhenconstructingabuilding.Livingorworkinginanuglyplacecreatesadepressinganduninspiringenvironment.Incontrast,anattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelhappierandincreasetheirmotivationtowork.Thereisalsoawiderresponsibilitytosocietywhicharchitectshaveto
12consider.Beautiful,well-constructedbuildingsareasymbolofacivilizedsociety.Intheory,thereseemstobenoreasonwhyarchitecturecannotbebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Yetinpractice,thiscancauseproblems.TheModernInternationalstyleofthe1920sand1930s,anexampleofwhichistheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,wassupposedtocombinebeautywithfunction.Manyconsiderthemuseum’swhitespiralrampbeautiful,buttherehavebeencomplaintsthatitisimpractical,asitisdifficulttostandbacktoviewtheart.Also,therampissonarrowthatitcanbecomeovercrowded.Itseemsthateventhiscelebrateddesignhasproblemswithfunctionality.Ifarchitectsfocusonlyonfunction,buildingsmaybecold,uglyanduninteresting.Ontheotherhand,iftheyfocusonlyonmakingitlookbeautiful,thebuildingmaybecompletelyimpractical.Therefore,combiningthesetwoideasisnecessarytocreatetheperfectpieceofarchitecture.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V.Translation(15分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.人们越来越意识到艺术对生活的积极影响。(aware)（汉译英）53.这位妈妈鼓励孩子分担家务，她这么做是很明智的。(It...)54.我们唯有充分利用时间、斗志昂扬，才能开创美好未来。（Only)（汉译英）55.尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台，消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素。（account）（汉译英）VI.GuidedWriting(25分)56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校英语报正在开展关于社交媒体是否影响日常沟通的讨论。你对此话题很感兴趣，请写一篇文章，内容包括：1)你是否认为社交媒体影响了日常沟通；2)你的理由。听力答案：1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.A7.C8.C9.B10.D11.A12.D13.C14.C15.B16.B17.B18.A19.D20.C
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