上海市行知中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷 Word版含解析

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2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高三上学期期末质量监测英语试卷I.ListeningComprehension略II.GrammarandVocabulary(每题1分;共20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword:fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.VideoGamesFosterCreativity?Videogamesthatfostercreativefreedomcanincreasecreativityundercertainconditions,accordingtonewresearchfromIowaStateUniversity.TheexperimentalstudycomparedtheeffectfplayingMine-craft(《我的世界》-一款游戏),withorwithoutinstruction,towatchingaTVshoworplayingaracevideogame.Those____1____(give)thefreedomtoplayMine-craftwithoutinstructionweremostcreative.“It’snotjustthatMine-craftcanhelpinducecreativity.Thereseemstobesomethingaboutchoosingtodoitthatalsomatters,”saidDouglasGentile,aprofessorofpsychology.____2____youarenotfamiliarwiththegame,GentilesaysMine-craftislikeavirtualLegoworld.Thegame,whichhassoldmorethan100millioncopies,allowsplayerstoexploreuniqueworldsandcreateanythingtheycanimagine.StudyparticipantsrandomlyassignedtoplayMine-craftweresplitintotwogroups.Theonereceivinginstructionwastoldtoplayascreativelyaspossible.After40minutesofplayorwatchingTV,the352participantscompletedseveralcreativitytasks.____3____(measure)creativeproduction,theywereaskedtodrawacreaturefromaworldmuchdifferentthanEarth.Morehumanlikecreaturescoredlowforcreativityandthoselesshuman-likescoredhigh.Surprisingly,thoseinstructedtobecreativewhileplayingMine-craftwerethe____4____(creative).Gentilesaysthere’snoclearexplanationforthisfinding.InthepaperpublishedbyCreativityResearchJournal,he,JorgeBlanco-Herrera,leadauthorandformermaster’sstudentinpsychology:andJeffreyRokkum,formerPh.D.studentinpsychology,outlinedpossiblereasonswhytheinstructedMine-craftgroupscoredlower.Blanco-Herrerasaystheinstructionsmayhavechangedsubjects’motivationforplay.“____5____(tell)tobecreativemayhaveactuallylimitedtheiroptionswhileplaying,resultinginalesscreativeexperience,”Blanco-Herrerasaid.“It’salsopossibletheyusedalltheir‘creativejuices’whileplaying

1andhad____6____leftwhenitcametimetocompletethetest.”Videogamescanhavebothharmfulandbeneficialeffects.Gentile’spreviousresearchhasshowntheamount,contentandcontextandvideogames____7____(influence)whatplayerslearnthroughrepeatedexperiences.____8____muchofGentile’sresearchhasfocusedonaggressionorpro-socialbehavior,hesaysthesameappearstobetrueforcreativity.Mostvideogamesencourageplayerstopracticesomelevelofcreativity.Forexample,playersmaycreateacharacterandstoryforrole-playinggamesorberewardedforcreativestrategiesincompetitivegames.Theresearcherssayevenfirst-personshootergames____9____potentiallyinspirecreativityasplayersthinkaboutstrategyandlookforadvantagesincombat.“Theresearchisstartingtotellamoreinteresting,nuancedpicture.Ourresultsaresimilartoothergamingresearch____10____yougetbetteratwhatyoupractice,buthowyoupracticemightmatterjustasmuch,”Gentilesaid.【答案】1.given2.If3.Tomeasure4.leastcreative5.Beingtold6.nothing7.influence8.Although9.can10.inthat【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。议论的话题是电子游戏能否培养创造力，结论是：研究结果表明培养自由创造力的电子游戏有利于培养创造力。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些在没有任何指导的情况下自由玩地雷游戏的人最有创造力。分析句子，句中were为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处those与give之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填given。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：如果你不熟悉这款游戏，Gentile说Mine-craft就像一个虚拟的乐高世界。分析句子，设空处应该填写连词，连接前后两个句子。此处表示条件，故使用if引导条件状语从句。同时，该空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填If。【3题详解】

2考查非谓语动词。句意：为了衡量创造性生产，他们被要求画一个来自与地球非常不同的世界的生物。句中wereasked为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的作状语，故使用todo不定式。该空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Tomeasure。【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：令人惊讶的是，那些被要求在玩《地雷争霸》时发挥创造力的人是最没有创造力的。句中应该使用形容词作表语。根据句中while可知，设空处与前文的creative形成对比，构成转折关系，同时空前有the，故使用最高级。表示“最没有创造力的”应该用leastcreative。故填leastcreative。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被告知要有创造力可能实际上限制了他们在游戏中的选择，导致创造性体验的减少。句中mayhave为谓语动词，设空处应该使用动名词作主语，此处tell与其逻辑主语participants之间是被动关系，故使用动名词的被动结构。同时。该空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Beingtold。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：也有可能他们在玩游戏时用尽了所有的“创造性思维”，而当他们完成测试时却什么都没剩下。分析句子，设空处使用代词作宾语。根据前文theyusedalltheir‘creativejuices’whileplaying可知，可能他们在玩游戏时用尽了所有的“创造性思维”故完成测试时却什么都没剩下。表示“什么也没有”用不定代词nothing。故填nothing。【7题详解】考查动词。句意：Gentile之前的研究表明，电子游戏的数量、内容、背景和内容会影响玩家通过重复体验学到的东西。分析句子，hasshown后面省略宾语从句that的引导词，设空处应该使用动词作从句的谓语，此处描述的是客观事实，主语为theamount,contentandcontextandvideogames是复数。故填influence。【8题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然Gentile的大部分研究都集中在攻击性或亲社会行为上，但他表示，创造力似乎也是如此。设空处使用的是连词连接前后两个句子，此处表示让步关系，即前后两句话构成转折，故表示“虽然”用although。该空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Although。【9题详解】考查情态动词。句意：研究人员表示，即使是第一人称射击游戏也可能激发玩家的创造力，因为他们会思考策略，并在战斗中寻找优势。分析句子，设空处应该填写情态动词与后文的inspire构成句子的谓语，此处表示“能够”用can。故填can。【10题详解】

3考查连词。句意：我们的研究结果与其他游戏研究相似，因为你在练习什么方面做得更好，但你如何练习可能同样重要,”詹蒂勒说。分析句子可知，本句为inthat引导的原因状语从句。故填inthat。SectionBDirections:FillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromtheboxEachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.spareB.respectableC.exhaustD.accidentalE.designedF.criticsG.advocatesH.mineI.commerciallyJ.relievingK.theoreticallyMajorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymes(酶)intheautomobiletomonitor____11____andsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.TheyspeakofwhatTheNewYorkTimescalls“Metal-hungrymicrobes(微生物)thatmightbeusedto____12____valuabletracemetalsfromoceanwater.”Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms.Nervous____13____,includingmanyscientists,worrythatthereiscorporate,national,international,andinter-scientificcompetitionintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspills,butof“microbespills”thatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.Thecreationand____14____releaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobes,however,isonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationaland____15____scientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstagger(动摇)theimagination.Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhay,thereby____16____thefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirement,forexample,creatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimeorassembly-lineworkers____17____todoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopre-eliminate“unfit”babies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselves,eachofushaving,asitwere,a“savingsbank”fullof____18____kidneys,liversorhands?Wildasthesenotionsmaysound,everyonehasits____19____(andopposers)inthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.Astwocriticsofgeneticengineering,JeremyRifkinandTedHoward,stateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?“BroadscalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewayasassemblylines,automobiles,vaccines,computersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvancebecomes____20____practical,anewconsumerneedwillbeexploitedandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated.”【答案】11.C12.H13.F14.D

415.B16.J17.E18.A19.G20.I【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章的主要内容是：完全理性和受人尊敬的科学家们认为将基因工程商业化可能会带来难以预料的后果。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：他们梦想在汽车中放置酶来监测尾气，并将污染数据发送给微处理器，然后由微处理器调整发动机。根据句意和空格前的动词monitor可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作动词monitor的宾语，exhaust“尾气”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：他们提到了《纽约时报》所说的“渴求金属的微生物，它们可能被用来从海水中开采有价值的微量金属。”根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形，mine“开矿，采矿”是动词，符合句意。故选H项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：紧张的批评者，包括许多科学家，担心在整个生物技术领域存在着企业、国家、国际和科学间的竞争。根据句意和空格前的形容词nervous以及句中的谓语动词worry可知，空格处应该填入一个名词复数形式做主语，critics“批评者；评论家”为名词，符合句意。故选F项。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，剧毒微生物的产生和意外释放只是引起警惕的原因之一。根据句意和空格后的名词release可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰名词release，accidental“意外的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：完全理性和受人尊敬的科学家们正在谈论那些超乎想象的可能性。根据句意和空格前的and可知，空格处应该填入一个和rational并列的形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词scientists，respectable“值得尊敬的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。【16题详解】考查现在分词。句意：我们是否应该让人类拥有像牛一样的胃，这样他们就能消化草和干草，从而通过改变我们的饮食结构，使我们吃食物链下游的食物，从而重新解决食物问题？根据句意和空格后的thefoodproblem可知，空格处应该填入一个现在分词形式作状语，relieving“减轻；缓和”为现在分词，符合句意。故选J项。

5【17题详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们是否应该从生理上改变工人以适应工作要求，例如，创造反应速度更快的飞行员或设计流水线工人为我们做单调的工作？根据句意可知，空格处应该填入一个过去分词形式作定语，修饰前面的名词workers，designed“设计”为过去分词，符合句意。故选E项。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们是否应该为自己培养储备器官，让每个人都拥有一个装满备用肾脏、肝脏或双手的“储蓄银行”？根据句意和空格后的名词kidneys,liversorhands可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，spare“备用的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：尽管这些概念听起来很疯狂，但在科学界，每个人都有它的支持者(和反对者)，也有它惊人的商业应用。根据句意和空格后的and可知，空格处应该填入一个和opposers并列的名词，advocates“拥护者；支持者”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：随着每一项新的基因进展在商业上变得实用，新的消费者需求将被开发出来，新技术的市场也将被创造出来。根据句意和空格后的形容词practical可知，空格处应该填入一个副词，修饰后面的practical，commercially“商业上；商业化地”为副词，符合句意。故选I项。III.ReadingComprehension(41–55题，每题1分;56–70题，每题2分;共45分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.DeliberationisnotalwaysthebestoptionDeliberationisnotalwaysthebestoptionHumanshavedevelopedovermillionsofyearsofevolutiontorespondtocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.Ifyourancestors___21___movementintheundergrowth,theywouldrunfirstandaskquestionslater.Atthesametime,the___22___toanalyseandtoplanispartofwhatdistinguishespeoplefromotheranimals.Thequestionofwhentotrustyourgut(直觉)andwhentotestyour___23___—whethertothinkfastorslowinthelanguageofDanielKahneman,apsychologist—___24___intheofficeasmuchasitdoesinthesavannah(大草原).Deliberativethinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Strategicchangesandbudgetdiscussionsarebuiltonroundsofmeetings,memos,formulasandpresentations.Processesareincreasinglydesignedto___25___instinctiveresponses.Fromblindscreeningofjobapplicantstousing“red-teaming”techniquestopick

6apartafirm’splans,precision___26___instinct.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandinherently(固有的)less___27___toanalysis.Doesamarketingcampaigncapturethe___28___ofyourcompany,say,orwouldthispersonworkwellwithotherpeopleinateam?In___29___customer-servicesituations,intuitionisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehavethanascript.Gutinstinctscanalsobe____30____.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatintuitionbecomesmoreunfailingwithexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,conductedin2012,volunteerswereaskedto____31____whetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswerefakeorreal.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandotherstodeliberateovertheirdecision.Intuitionworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;indeed,it____32____analysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstinctstendtobe.____33____,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Instinctivedecision-makingisoftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.ResearchersatCornellUniversityonceestimatedthatpeoplemakeover200decisionsadayaboutfoodalone.Theworkplaceis____34____butasuccessionofchoices,afewbigandmanysmall:whatto____35____,whentointervene,whomtoavoidintheliftsand,now,wheretoworkeachday.21.A.uncoveredB.spottedC.blockedD.encountered22.A.capacityB.motiveC.reluctanceD.urge23.A.consultationB.anticipationC.assumptionsD.reaction24.A.integratesB.mattersC.worksD.abuses25.A.bringoutB.pickoutC.makeoutD.stampout26.A.equalsB.comprisesC.beatsD.boosts27.A.manageableB.adaptableC.familiarD.sensitive28.A.attentionB.opportunityC.statusD.essence29.A.roughB.toughC.nervousD.neutral30.A.improvedB.copiedC.transferredD.weakened31.A.ensureB.extinguishC.clarifyD.assess32.A.undertookB.outperformedC.facilitatedD.paralleled33.A.LikewiseB.HoweverC.ConsequentlyD.Moreover34.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything35.A.cooperateB.prioritizeC.convinceD.strive【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A

731.D32.B33.B34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了深思熟虑并不总是最好的选择，某些时候，直觉的优势更大。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你的祖先发现灌木丛中有动静，他们会先跑，然后再问问题。A.uncovered揭露；B.spotted发现；C.blocked阻碍；D.encountered遭遇。由上文“Humanshavedevelopedovermillionsofyearsofevolutiontorespondtocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.”可知讲述了人类经过数百万年的进化，已经能够不费吹灰之力地对某些情况作出反应，即发现某些情况，可以立即作出反应，故推知“Ifyourancestors__movementintheundergrowth,theywouldrunfirstandaskquestionslater.”表述的是如果你的祖先发现灌木丛中有动静，他们会先跑，然后再问问题，即发现某些情况会立即作出反应，承接了前文所述内容；故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时，分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因。A.capacity能力；B.motive原因，动机；C.reluctance勉强；D.urge冲动。由本句“Atthesametime,the_2_toanalyseandtoplanispartofwhatdistinguishespeoplefromotheranimals.”可知提到了人类与其他动物的区别，常识可知人类之所以要比其他动物高级，就是具有其他动物所不具备的某些方面的能力，故推知本处表述的是分析和计划的能力也是人类区别于其他动物的部分原因；故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：什么时候该相信自己的直觉，什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家DanielKahneman的话来说，是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。A.consultation磋商；B.anticipation期盼；C.assumptions假设；D.reaction反应。由本句“Thequestionofwhentotrustyourgut(直觉)andwhentotestyour__3_—whethertothinkfastorslow,inthelanguageofDanielKahneman,apsychologist”可知用DanielKahneman的话来说，凭借直觉来判断即是快速思考，而慢速思考则是与快速思考相反的，即与凭借直觉判断是相反的，推知慢速思考即是通过慢慢检验自己的假设，然后才作出判断；故空处表达的是“假设”；故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么时候该相信自己的直觉，什么时候该检验自己的假设——用心理学家DanielKahneman的话来说，是快速思考还是慢速思考——这个问题在办公室里和在大草原上一样要紧。A.integrates使结合；B.matters要紧；C.works工作；D.abuses虐待。由文章第一段“Ifyourancestors___movementintheundergrowth,theywouldrunfirstandaskquestionslater.

8”可知祖先们遇到异常情况会先跑再问，是因为他们所生存的环境是非常险恶的，所以快速思考和慢速思考在大草原上很重要；文章第三段“Deliberativethinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace”提到了深思熟虑在职场的重要性；文章第四段“Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.”可知提到了本能在职场的一席之位；故推知本处“whethertothinkfastorslow,inthelanguageofDanielKahneman,apsychologist—__4_intheofficeasmuchasitdoesinthesavannah(大草原).”讲述的是快速思考还是慢速思考在办公室和大草原一样要紧；故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：程序越来越多地被设计用来消灭本能反应。A.bringout拿出；B.pickout挑选；C.makeout起草；D.stampout消灭。由上文“Strategicchangesandbudgetdiscussionsarebuiltonroundsofmeetings,memos,formulasandpresentations.”可知战略变革和预算讨论建立在一轮又一轮的会议、备忘录、公式和演讲之上，即在作出决策之前，要经过很多道程序，经过一次又一次的讨论，这样所作出的决策全是深思熟虑后的结果，完全消灭了由本能所作出的反应；故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从盲目筛选求职者到使用“红色团队”技术来分析公司的计划，精确打败了直觉。A.equals等于；B.comprises包括；C.beats打败；D.boosts激励。由本句“Fromblindscreeningofjobapplicantstousing“red-teaming”techniquestopickapartafirm’splans,precision__6_instinct.”可知原本是通过直觉来筛选求职者的，现在是利用“红色团队”技术来分析公司计划，寻找出最适合公司的求职者，这种办法能最直接找准目标，所以是精确地打败了由原本凭借直觉所作出的判断；故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些决定更多地与情绪反应有关，本质上难以进行分析。A.manageable可做到的；B.adaptable有适应能力的；C.familiar相似的；D.sensitive敏感的。由本句“Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandinherently(固有的)less__7_toanalysis.”可知一些决定更多地与情绪反应有关，即主观性因素较多，这个就难以以理性思维来分析了，lessmanageable是难做到的，符合题意，故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：市场营销活动是否抓住了你公司的精髓，或者说，这个人是否能与团队中的其他人很好地合作？A.attention注意；B.opportunity机会；C.status地位；D.essence精髓。由本段第一句“Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.”可知讲述了本能也站一席之地的；下句“In__9_customer-servicesituations,intuitionisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehavethanascript.”提到了直觉通常是更好的行为指南，推知本句“Doesamarketingcampaigncapturethe_8_ofyourcompany,say,orwouldthispersonworkwellwithotherpeopleinateam?

9”表达的意思营销活动是否让你公司直接并精确受益，即是否抓住你公司的精髓，完全依靠经过深思熟虑的营销政策能否解决问题？或者说筛选出来的人是否能与团队中其他人合作？这些都意在表明有些时候直觉还是能被利用上的，深思熟虑后制定的政策并不适用于一切场合，本句与本段第一句主旨相符，故推知空处表示“精髓”；故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在棘手的客户服务情况下，直觉往往是比脚本更好的行为指南。A.rough粗糙的；B.tough棘手的；C.nervous神经紧张的；D.neutral中立的。由本句“In__9_customer-servicesituations,intuitionisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehavethanascript.”可知提到直觉是更好的行为指南，这是在某种情况下，推知如果在简单容易的客户服务里，就按照制定好的策略执行就行了，但是在棘手的情况下，那直觉发挥的作用就比制定好的脚本更适用了，故推知空处表示的是“棘手的”，用tough；故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直觉也可以得到改善。A.improved改善；B.copied复制；C.transferred转移；D.weakened变弱。由下文“Plentyofresearchhasshownthatintuitionbecomesmoreunfailingwithexperience.”可知大量的研究表明，直觉在经验的帮助下变得更加可靠，因为文章前面段落一直在强调很多情况下深思熟虑取代本能直觉，肯定是凭借直觉判断有很大不足才会被深思熟虑所取代，而本处提到了直觉在经验的帮助下会变更可靠，这个就是直觉的一个改善，故空处表示“改善”；故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2012年进行的一个著名的实验中，志愿者被要求评估一些名牌手袋是假的还是真的。A.ensure确保；B.extinguish扑灭；C.clarify阐明；D.assess评定，评估。由本句“whetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswerefakeorreal”可知提到了一些名牌手提袋的真假；下文“Intuitionworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;”对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉更有效，可推知本处是让他们评定这些手提袋的真假，拥有至少三个手提袋的人的直觉会更准，这个就是经验使直觉更可靠；故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它的表现比分析更好。A.undertook承担；B.outperformed比……表现更好；C.facilitated促进；D.paralleled与……平行。由上句“Intuitionworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags”可知对于那些至少拥有三个名牌手袋的人来说，直觉更有效，即直觉比理性分析更有效，故“it__12_analysis.”表述的是它比分析表现更好；故选B项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，信奉快速思维的真正原因是，它确实很快。A.Likewise同样地；B.However然而；C.Consequently因此；D.Moreover此外。由上句“Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetter

10yourinstinctstendtobe.”可知提到越专业的话直觉就越精确，那么精确度是我们应该信奉快速思维的原因吗？下文给出答案“_13__,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.”即信奉快速思维的真正原因是它很快，故推知空处表示“然而”，意在表明虽然直觉有时候精确，然而我们信奉它的真正原因是因为它快；故选B项。【34题详解】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：工作场所只不过是一连串的选择，有大有小：什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁，现在，每天在哪里工作。A.anything任何事物；B.something某事；C.nothing没有什么；D.everything每一事物。nothingbut是固定搭配，译为“只不过是……”，符合题意；故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：工作场所只不过是一连串的选择，有大有小：什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁，现在，每天在哪里工作。A.cooperate合作；B.prioritize优先处理；C.convince使信服；D.strive奋斗。由本句“Theworkplaceis___butasuccessionofchoices,afewbigandmanysmall:whatto__15_,whentointervene,whomtoavoidintheliftsand,now,wheretoworkeachday.”可知讲到了职场是一连串的选择，有大有小，既然有这么多选择，那么总要有先后处理的顺序，故推知空处表示“优先处理”，与后面句子构成排比，即什么是优先处理的，什么时候介入，在电梯里避开谁等等；故选B项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ihadalwaysbeenoneofthosequietboyswhopreferreddreamstotherealworld.Iwas,inaddition,absurdlyshy,andthereforeoftenmistakenforafool,whichupsetmedeeply.Fornothingterrifiedmemorethantheprospectofcorrectingafalseimpression.ThoughIwasoftenblamedbymistakesmadebymyclassmates,Ineverdaretosayawordinself-defense.Iwouldsimplygohometohideinacornerandcry.Mygreatestpleasurewastositalone,reading,andletmythoughtsdriftawayinthestories.Mydaydreamswereinsharpcontrasttoreallife;theywerefullofadventuresandheroicdeeds.Theyleftmarksonme.Therewas,forinstance,abookaboutthehistoryoftheRomanEmpire,inwhichanambassador,whilenegotiatingatreaty,wastoldthathewastoacceptthetermsoffered,onpainofdeath:hisresponsewasto

11plungehisarmintoafireandcontinuewithhisdeliberations,inabsolutecalm.Inspiredbyhiscourage,Iproceededtotestmyownpowersofresiliencebyplungingmyownhandintothefire,onlytoburnmyfingersbadly.Icanstillseethatambassador,smilingcalmlythroughhispain.Fatherhatedmyreadingallthetime,andsometimeshethrewawaymybooks.Somenightsherefusedtoletmeturnonthelightinmybedroom.ButIcouldalwaysfindaway,andafterhecaughtmereadingbythelightofastring-wicklamp,hegaveupandleftmetoit.TherewasatimewhenItriedmyhandatwriting;indeed,Ievenmadeafewlittlepoems,butIquicklyabandonedmyefforts.NomatterwhatIhadbottledupinsideme,Iwasextremelyanxiousaboutlettingitout,andsomyadventuresinwritingended.Idid,however,carryonpainting.Therewas,Ithought,noriskofrevealinganythingpersonal.Ijusttooksomethingfromtheoutsideworldandbroughtittolifeonpaper.SometimesIdidhidesomepersonalexpressioninit,butImadesurethatitwasvisibleenoughtobeseenandtrivialenoughtobeignored.ThefirsttimeIshowedmypaintingtomyfather,hewascaughtinsilenceforawhileandthenhebreatheddeeply,andsaid:“Mysonfinallymadesomething.”ThenhereIam,asateacherattheAcademyofFineArts,wonderinghoweverythinghappened,frommydaydreamstopainting.36.Thesentence“Theyleftmarksonme.”(inparagraph2)means________.A.daydreamsdidnothingbuthurtthewriterbadlyB.daydreamsinfluencedthewriter'sbehaviorinreallifeC.thewriterhadlastingmemoryofthebookshereadD.thewritercouldn'tdistinguishbooksformreality37.Thewritergaveupwritingbecause________.A.itwasnotasinterestingasreadingB.hewastooshytorevealhisinnerworldC.hecouldn'twritegoodworksD.hisfatherdidn'tlikehimwriting38.Throughoutthepassagewhatcanwelearnaboutthewriter'sfather?A.Hewasimpressedwithhisson'spaintingB.Hedidn'tlikethepersonalityofhisson.C.Hewastouchedbyhisson'spersistenceinreading.D.Hehadahighexpectationofhissoninwriting.39.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.thepowerofreadingB.thewriter'sadventurousdaydreams

12C.reflectiononthestartofacareerD.theeffortsmadetobepainter【答案】36.B37.B38.A39.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己是一个安静，害羞，爱阅读，喜欢做白日梦的孩子，但这一切都为自己以后的工作奠定了基础。【36题详解】句意猜测题。根据第二段句首“Mydaydreamswereinsharpcontrasttoreallife;theywerefullofadventuresandheroicdeeds.(我的白日梦和现实形成对比；梦中充满了冒险和英雄的行为)”可知，他的这些白日梦对作者的真实世界有影响。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“NomatterwhatIhadbottledupinsideme,Iwasextremelyanxiousaboutlettingitout,andsomyadventuresinwritingended.(无论我在内心怎样想，我都极度担心将这些思想流露出来。因此我的写作冒险结束了)”可知，作者放弃写作是因为他太内向了，而不愿表露自己的心声。故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThefirsttimeIshowedmypaintingtomyfather,hewascaughtinsilenceforawhileandthenhebreatheddeeply,andsaid:‘Mysonfinallymadesomething.’(第一次我将我的绘画拿给父亲看的时候，他沉默一会儿，然后深深呼吸一下，说到‘我的儿子终于有出息了’）”可知，他被儿子的绘画打动了，故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述了小时候的爱好对后天的工作将会产生很大的影响，故选C。(B)“Essentialoilscanhaveamajorimpactonyourmoodandhealth.Whenyouapplyanoiltoyourskin,itaffectsyourphysicalstate.Whenyouinhalethem,itaffectsyourmentalstate,”saysthe“grandedame”ofaromatherapyJeanneRose,authorofTheAromatherapyBook:ApplicationsandInhalations.AfewdropsofeucalyptusonyourskinwillhelphealaburnandsmellingapinetreemightmakeyouthinkofchildhoodChristmases.Therearenorulesforhowtoinhaleoils.Youcanputafewdropsonatissue,oraddsometowatertospritzaroundtheroomoruseinadiffuser(喷雾器)orvaporizer.Beverycareful,however,whenapplyingoilstotheskin.Alwaysdilutetheminanotheroil,likepalm,coconutorolivetopreventburnsorallergicreactions.“Aruleofthumbis15dropsperoneounceofcream,oilorlotion,”saysSyllaSheppard-Hanger,thefounderanddirectorofAtlanticinstituteofAromatherapyinTampa,Florida.

13HERE’STHEOILTOREACHFORWHENYOUNEEDTO:Digestabigmeal:Afewdropsofdilutedpeppermint.“Itcalmsdownthedigestivesystem,”Rosesays.Forgetit’sfreezingoutside:“Coniferoils,likepine,blackspruce,cedarandChristmasfir,canhelpcombatseasonalaffectivedisorderwheninhaled,”Rosesays.Citrusoilslikeorangeortangerine,whichareremindersofsummertime,arealsogood.Settledownafterabigparty:Sweetmarjoramandlavenderaresedatives.“They’llknockyourkidsrightout,”Sheppard-Hangersays.Getoutofbedonadark,coldmorning:Peppermint,oranymintreally,canprovideamorningjoltwheninhaled.Killgerms:Spraycitrusoilstreeoilslikepine,tohelpcleantheairduringsickness.Decongestanose:Eucalyptus,spruceorrosemaryworkforthis.Tryinhalingafewdropsonatissuetohelpwithcloggednasalpassages.40.WhatkindofreadersislikelytobuyTheAromatherapyBook:ApplicationsandInhalations?A.Gardenerswhoprovidesrawmaterialsformanufacturersofessentialoils.B.Researchersdedicatedtoinventingnewessentialoilstokeeppeopleingoodhealth.C.Commonpeoplehopingtoimprovehealthconditionwithessentialoils.D.Psychotherapistseekingtreatmentsforseriousmentalandphysicaldisorders.41.Whatistheappropriatewayofusingessentialoils?A.Spritztheoildirectlyaroundaroom.B.Mixthemwithcreaminproportion.C.Smellthefragrancefromthebottle.D.Applyoilstotreatskinallergy.42.Theoilsthatcanrelieveyoursymptomofbadcoldare________.A.peppermintoilsB.coniferoilsC.citrusoilsD.spruceoils【答案】40.C41.B42.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了精油能够改善人们的健康状况并提供了使用指南。

14【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的““Essentialoilscanhaveamajorimpactonyourmoodandhealth.Whenyouapplyanoiltoyourskin,itaffectsyourphysicalstate.Whenyouinhalethem,itaffectsyourmentalstate,”saysthe“grandedame”ofaromatherapyJeanneRose,authorofTheAromatherapyBook:ApplicationsandInhalations.（芳香疗法的“贵妇人”珍妮·罗斯说，“精油会对你的情绪和健康产生重大影响。当你在皮肤上涂油时，它会影响你的身体状态”。当你吸入它们时，它会影响你的精神状态。她是《芳香疗法书籍：应用和吸入》的作者。） ”可知，珍妮·罗斯的书是服务于希望用精油改善健康状况的普通人的。故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的““Aruleofthumbis15dropsperoneounceofcream,oilorlotion,”saysSyllaSheppard-Hanger,thefounderanddirectorofAtlanticinstituteofAromatherapyinTampa,Florida.（佛罗里达州坦帕市大西洋芳香疗法研究所的创始人兼主任西拉·谢帕德·汉格表示：“经验法则是每盎司奶油、油或护肤液加入15滴精油”。） ”可知，使用精油的合适方法是将它们与奶油按比例混合。故选B。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据框中最后一段中的“Decongestanose:Eucalyptus,spruceorrosemaryworkforthis.Tryinhalingafewdropsonatissuetohelpwithcloggednasalpassages.（净化鼻子：桉树油、云杉油或迷迭香都可以。试着用纸巾吸几滴以帮助清理堵塞的鼻腔。）”可知，选项中可以缓解你重感冒症状的是云杉油。故选D。(C)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

15StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”43.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.45.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?APhytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.【答案】43.B44.A45.D46.C

16【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象的原因是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案，现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。【44题详解】猜测词义题。根据划线词后的Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感。故A项正确。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知，Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故D项正确。【46题详解】主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，接下来详细讲述了原因。故C

17项正确。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theexplosionofnewmedia,rangingfromtheinternettodigitaltelevision,meansthatpeopleworkinginadvertisingwillhavetocomeupwithmorewaystocatchthepublic’sattentioninthefuture.____47____Nolongerwillallmembersbewatchingthesameprogramme:somewillbewatchingdifferentchannelsontheirownTVs,surfingthenetordoingbothatthesametime.Theadvertisingindustrywillhavetowork“harderandsmarter”tocutthroughthe“mess”ofthefuturewithawiderangeofnewmedia,allcompetingtocatchtheconsumers’eyes.Peoplehavebecomemoreindividualintheirconsumptionofadvertising.Newtechnologyhasmadeexperimentingwithnewformsofadvertisingpossible.Themonologuewheretheadvertisementtellshousewivesthatthisisthewashingpowdertheyshouldbuyisjustacliché(陈词滥调)now.____48____Thereis,consequently,littlehopeofthemsurvivingformorethananothertwentyyears.Amuchcloserrelationshipwiththeconsumerisgraduallybeingcreated.Thedefinitionofwhatconstitutesadvertisingwillexpandwellbeyondtheconventionalmassmedia.Shoppingenvironmentswillthemselvesbecomeapartoftheadvertisingprocess.Increasingly,theywillexistnotsimplytosellgoods,butalsotoentertainpeopleandtomakesurethattheyenjoytheirtimethere.Theaimwillbeto“warm”peopletowardstheseplacessothattheywillreturntopurchasegoodsthereagain.Inspiteoftheseandotherchanges,itishighlyunlikelythatTV,printandradiowilldisappearaltogetherasadvertisingmedia.____49____Butothermarketingstrategies,suchaspublicrelationsanddirectmarketing,willbecomeasimportantasadvertising.Advertisingagencieswillhavetoreinventthemselves.TheywillnolongerbeablesimplytoproduceadvertisementsandthensupportthesethroughPR,directmarketingortheinternet.Instead,theywillhavetochangethewholewaytheylookatcommunicationandstartthinkingaboutideaswhicharenotspecifictoonediscipline.____50____Originalityofthinkinghasalwaysbeeninshortsupply.Itwillcontinuetobesointhefuture.Buttherewillbeincreasingcostontheadvertiser’sabilitytobeimaginativeandtothinklaterallyaboutengagingtheconsumerinabroadervarietyofmedia.A.Thus,creativitywillbethemostvaluablethinginthefuture.B.Customersareexpectedtopaymoremoneyfortheextra-specialqualities.

18C.Theinternet,forexample,hasmadesuchadslookold-fashioned.D.Ithasmadepossibleasituationinwhichcustomerscantelladvertiserswhattheythink.E.Contrarily,thereisalmostcertaintobeanincreaseineveryformofadvertisinginfutureyears.F.ThetraditionalTVadvertisingcampaignwillnotreachthewholefamilyanymore.【答案】47.F48.C49.E50.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新媒体的发展对传统广告业的影响。【47题详解】上文“Theexplosionofnewmedia,rangingfromtheinternettodigitaltelevision,meansthatpeopleworkinginadvertisingwillhavetocomeupwithmorewaystocatchthepublic’sattentioninthefuture.（从互联网到数字电视，新媒体的迅猛发展意味着广告业今后将不得不想出更多的办法来吸引公众的注意力。）”引出主题，说明新媒体对广告业的影响，下文“Nolongerwillallmembersbewatchingthesameprogramme:somewillbewatchingdifferentchannelsontheirownTVs,surfingthenetordoingbothatthesametime.（所有成员将不再观看同一节目:一些人将在自己的电视上看不同的频道，上网或两者都做。）”说明传统电视广告对所有家庭成员影响减弱的原因，F项“ThetraditionalTVadvertisingcampaignwillnotreachthewholefamilyanymore.（传统的电视广告活动将不再影响到整个家庭。）”承上启下，说明传统的电视广告对人们的影响将会减弱，其中“thewholefamily”和下文的allmembers相呼应。故选F项。【48题详解】上文“Themonologuewheretheadvertisementtellshousewivesthatthisisthewashingpowdertheyshouldbuyisjustacliché(陈词滥调)now.（广告告诉家庭主妇们这是她们应该买的洗衣粉的独白现在只是陈词滥调。）”说明独白的广告形式已经过时，C项“Theinternet,forexample,hasmadesuchadslookold-fashioned.（例如，互联网让这样的广告显得过时了。）”举例说明新媒体使传统的广告形式显得过时，其中的“old-fashioned”和上文的“cliché”相呼应，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。【49题详解】上文“Inspiteoftheseandotherchanges,itishighlyunlikelythatTV,printandradiowilldisappearaltogetherasadvertisingmedia.（尽管发生了这些和其他变化，但电视、印刷和广播作为广告媒体将完全消失是极不可能的。）”说明传统的广告媒体不可能完全消失，E项“Contrarily,thereisalmostcertaintobeanincreaseineveryformofadvertisinginfutureyears.（相反，几乎可以肯定的是，在未来的几年里，各种形式的广告都会有增长。）”承接上文，说明传统广告不仅不会消失，相反还可能有所增长，符合语境。故选E项。【50题详解】下文“Originalityofthinkinghasalwaysbeeninshortsupply.

19（思维的独创性一直是稀缺的。）”说明创造性思维很珍贵的原因，A项“Thus,creativitywillbethemostvaluablethinginthefuture.（因此，创造力将是未来最有价值的东西。）”说明创造性思维很重要，引出下文，是本段的主旨，符合语境。故选A项。IV.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Absent-mindedness“Mosteventsofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,”saysDr.DanielSchacter,adistinguishedpsychologistandmemoryscientist.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”“Encoding,”Schacterexplains,“isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.”Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocketofajacket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetwhereexactlyyouputyourmobilephone.Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou.Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.Asmanypeopleaccept,womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Yes,visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness.Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsagomaynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox,”saysZelinski,ascientistfromNewYorkUniversity.Therearemanycasesinlifewherewomencanrememberpricesofbagsofdifferentbrandswhiletheytendtoforgetthespecificplacewheretheyputtheirbags.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Lackofattentionorinterestcanresultinabsent-mindedness.Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment,inwhichcasethecueshouldbevisualandapproachable.Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhat

20mightotherwiseberemembered.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，缺乏注意力或兴趣会导致心不在焉。缺乏注意力是指没有有效地将信息提供给你的记忆系统以便你以后回忆它，或者是没有识别环境中的视觉线索。同时，缺乏兴趣也会导致心不在焉，会使我们忘记原本可以记住的东西。【详解】1.要点摘录①“Mosteventsofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,”saysDr.DanielSchacter,adistinguishedpsychologistandmemoryscientist.②“Encoding,”Schacterexplains,“isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.”③Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.④Yes,visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness.⑤Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.2.缜密构思将第①、⑤两个要点进行重组，将第②、③、④三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句①Lackofattentionorinterestcanresultinabsent-mindedness.②Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment.③Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhatmightotherwiseberemembered.【点睛】[高分句型1]Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment,inwhichcasethecueshouldbevisualandapproachable.运用“inwhichcase”引导的非限制性定语从句对原文第二段和第三段内容进行了概括。[高分句型2]Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhatmightotherwiseberemembered.运用“what”引导的宾语从句对原文第四段内容进行了概括。V.Translation(第1-2句，每句3分;第3句，4分;第4句5分;共15分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。(appeal)（汉译英）【答案】On/Atweekends/theweekend,thetrailsinthecountrysideappealtomanyfamiliesfondofanouting/an

21excursion.【解析】【详解】考查介词短语、动词时态、名词和形容词短语。表示“在周末”应用on/atweekends/theweekend，作状语；表示“乡间步道”应用thetrailsinthecountryside，作主语；表示“吸引”应用动词短语appealto，作谓语，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时；表示“喜爱……的”应用形容词短语befondof…，作后置定语，修饰manyfamilies，表示“郊游”应用anouting/anexcursion，作宾语。故翻译为On/Atweekends/theweekend,thetrailsinthecountrysideappealtomanyfamiliesfondofanouting/anexcursion。53.网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。(which)（汉译英）【答案】Thereisalotofmisleading/false/incorrectinformationonline,someofwhichisexaggerated/overstatedtograbyourattention.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，“网上信息参差不齐”即“网上有许多错误的信息”，所以句子可以用therebe结构，therebe句型表示“有”，“网上”译为online，“许多错误的信息”译为alotofmisleading/false/incorrectinformation，information是不可数名词，所以be动词使用is，“有些”即“错误信息中的一些”，应用someofwhich引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，“夸大其词”译为beexaggerated/overstated，其中be动词应用is，“为了博眼球”译为tograbyourattention，使用不定式形式作目的状语。故翻译为Thereisalotofmisleading/false/incorrectinformationonline,someofwhichisexaggerated/overstatedtograbyourattention.54.经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。(takeon)（汉译英）【答案】Afterthethree-monthrestoration/renovation/update,thelecturehall/auditoriumisequippedwith/hasbeenequippedwiththetop-classvisualandaudioequipment/facilities,takingonanewlook.【解析】【详解】考查名词、动词、介词和短语。分析句意可知，本句中的“经过”可用介词after表示；表示“翻新”可用名词restoration或renovation或update；表示“三个月的”可用合成形容词短语three-month；表示“报告厅”可用名词auditorium或短语thelecturehall作主语；配备”可用短语beequippedwith作谓语，再根据句意此处可以用一般现在时或现在完成时，所以此处用isequippedwith或hasbeenequippedwith；表示“一流的”可用合成形容词top-class；表示“试听设备”可用短语audioequipment或audiofacilities；表示“焕然一新”可用短语takeonanewlook，再分析句式结构，因为takeon和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语takingonanewlook作伴随状语表主动关系。故答案为Afterthethree-monthrestoration/renovation/update,thelecturehall/auditoriumisequippedwith/hasbeenequippedwith

22thetop-classvisualandaudioequipment/facilities,takingonanewlook。55.正是出门对这门手艺的热情，他从没想过放弃，即便学习过程令人怯步，练习后胳膊酸疼。(It)（汉译英）【答案】Itwasduetohisenthusiasm/passionforthecraftthathehadneverthoughtaboutgivingupevenif/thoughthelearningprocesswasdaunting/discouragingandhisarmsweresoreafterpractice.【解析】【详解】考查强调句型、介词短语、名词、动词时态、形容词和让步状语从句。结合句意此处应用强调句型Itwas+被强调部分+that+其他的结构。此处强调句子状语“正是出门对这门手艺的热情”，表示“出于”应用介词短语dueto，表示“对于……的热情”应用one’senthusiasm/passionfor…，作dueto的宾语；表示“想过”应用动词短语thinkabout，作谓语，结合句意主句动作发生在从句动作之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时；表示“放弃”应用动词短语giveup，作thinkabout的宾语，应用动名词形式；表示“即便；即使”应用evenif/though，引导让步状语从句；表示“学习过程”应用名词短语thelearningprocess，作让步状语从句的主语，表示“令人怯步的”应用形容词daunting/discouraging，作表语；表示“酸疼的”应用形容词sore，作表语。故翻译为Itwasduetohisenthusiasm/passionforthecraftthathehadneverthoughtaboutgivingupevenif/thoughthelearningprocesswasdaunting/discouragingandhisarmsweresoreafterpractice。VI.GuidedWriting(25分)56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇文章，作者认为“第一印象在人际交往中非常重要”，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封邮件给该杂志“读者来信”专栏，内容须包括：1)你是否赞同作者的这一观点；2)用具体事例说明你的观点。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Deareditor,Ihavereadapassagefromyourmagazineaboutthefirstimpressionininterpersonalrelationships.Iam

23reallyinterestedinitandwritingtosharemyopinionswithyou.Tobeginwith,Istronglysupporttheideathatthefirstimpressionisofgreatimportanceininterpersonalrelationships.Asthesayinggoes,“Agoodbeginningishalfdone”.Agoodfirstimpressioncanmakethingseasierlater.Forexample,acandidatealwayswantstoshowhisbestduringaninterviewsothatitwillbemorelikelyforhimtogettheoffer.Whenitcomestomakingnewfriends,nobodywantstotalktothosewhobehaverudelywhentheymeetforthefirsttime.Beforeweknowothersdeeply,wecanonlyjudgewhetherwewanttomakefriendsorcooperatewiththemaccordingtothefirstimpressiontheyhavemade,sothefirstimpressionisimportant.Yours,LiMing【解析】【导语】本文一篇应用文。要求考生写邮件给一本英语杂志，来表明自己对“第一印象在人际交往中非常重要”这一观点的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累对……感兴趣：beinterestedin→show/take/expressaninterestin首先：tobeginwith→firstofall/aboveall赞成：support→agreewith判断：judge→decide根据：accordingto→onthebasisof2.句式拓展简单句变复合句。原句：Ihavereadapassagefromyourmagazineaboutthefirstimpressionininterpersonalrelationships.Iamreallyfondofitandwritingtosharemyopinionswithyou.拓展句：Ihavereadapassagefromyourmagazineaboutthefirstimpressionininterpersonalrelationships,whichIamreallyfondof,soIamwritingtosharemyopinionswithyou.【点睛】【高分句型1】Tobeginwith,Istronglysupporttheideathatthefirstimpressionisofgreatimportanceininterpersonalrelationships.(运用了that引导的同位语从句)【高分句型2】Forexample,acandidatealwayswantstoshowhisbestduringaninterviewsothatitwillbemorelikelyforhimtogettheoffer.(运用了sothat句型来引导状语从句)

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