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福建师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题第I卷（共61分）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，共26分）第一节（共8小题；每小题2分，共16分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。AAspeoplegetolder,thetypesoffriendstheyhavetendtochange.Asyoungadults,humanshavealotoffriends.Withage,theyoftenprefertospendtheirtimewithjustafewclose,positiveindividuals.Researcherslongbelievedthatthischangewasuniquetohumans,butanewstudyfindsthatchimpsalsohavesimilartendencies.Oneexplanationforthehumanstogetpickyaboutsocialconnectionshastodowithawarenessofourlimitedlifespan.“Peoplemonitorhowmuchtimewehaveleftinourlifeandchooseemotionally-fulfillingrelationshipsinoldage,”saysoneofthestudy'sleadauthorsAlexandraG.Rosati,apsychologistattheUniversityofMichigan.Aspeopleage,theydon’twanttobesurroundedbyalargegroupofnegativefriends,butwouldprefertobenearahandfulofoptimisticindividuals.Rosatiandhercolleagueswerecuriouswhetherchimpswouldshowsimilarfeatureseventhoughtheydon’tseemtobeawareoftheirupcomingdeath.Researchersused78,000hoursofobservationsmadeover20yearsfromtheKibaleChimpanzeeProjectinUganda.Thedatalookedatthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpsbetween15and58yearsold.Theresearchersonlystudiedmalechimpsbecausetheyshowstrongersocialbondsandhavemoresocialinteractionsthanfemalechimps.Researchersfoundthatwildchimpanzeesshareasimilarpattern.“Theyinteractwithothersinmorepositivewaysastheygetolder.Youngeradults,incontrast,showmoreaggressionandweremorelikelytoformone-sidedrelationshipswheretheirpartnerdidnotreciprocate.”saysRosati.Forexample,theolderchimpanzeeswouldsitclosetotheirlong-timecompanionsandgroom(给……梳毛)eachother,whileyoungerchimpshadmoreone-sidedrelationshipswheretheywouldgroomafriend,buttheactionwasn'treturned.ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalScience.“Thisagingpatternmaybetheresultofsharedchangesinourabilitiestomanageouremotionswithage,”Rosatisays.“Thissharedpatternbetweenchimpanzeesandhumanscouldrepresentanadaptiveresponsewhereolderadultsfocusonimportantsocialrelationshipsthatprovidebenefitsandavoidinteractionsthathavenegativeconsequencesastheylosecompetitivefightingability.”
121.Whydohumanschangetheirpreferenceforfriendsinoldage?A.Theirfriendspassawayonebyone.B.Theyknowtheirlifeisrunningout.C.Theyadapttothechangesinnature.D.Theydon’tlikemakingnewfriends.22.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph3?A.Toshowthestudywasdonescientifically.B.Toshowhowscientiststriedtoprovetheirassumption.C.Toshowhowharditwastoobservethechimps.D.Toshowmalechimpsareunawareofupcomingdeath.23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph4mean?A.Getalongwellwiththem.B.Takecareofthem.C.Repaytheirkindness.D.Sitclosetothem.24.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PeoplePreferPositivePartnersinOldAgeB.PositiveBondsBenefitChimpsinManyWaysC.AgingChimpslikeUsGetPickyAboutFriendsD.ChimpsShareSimilarTendencieswithHumansBUrbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.Byputtinginthedifferentroutesbywhichvehiclescantravelbetweenlocations,researchershavedevelopedanewcomputeralgorithm(运算法则)thathelpsquantifyregionsofjamsinurbanareasandsuggestswaysaroundthem.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基础设施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.Theteamapproachedtheissuebydesigningacomputeralgorithmtocapturethetopology—orrelationshipbetweenthedifferentroutesbetweenlocations—ofroadnetworks.“WefoundthatthemostsignificanttrafficbottlenecksinManhattanseemtoariseasaresultofthecity’sstructurallayout,”saidstudyco-authorDanielCarmody.“Forexample,thefactthatabridgeentersManhattanatarangewheretrafficisalreadylimitedduetoCentralParkslowstrafficintheareaconsiderably.”TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.Manhattanhasalongandthinstructure,whileChengduisround.Therearesignificantdifferencesinthewaytrafficmovesbetweenthesetwodifferentsetups,theresearcherssaid.“ThebottlenecksinChengduseemtoariseduetothefunctionofthebuildingsinaparticulararea,”Carmody
2said.“Forexample,itishardtotravelinandoutofthecentralbusinessdistrictinChengdubecauseofthelargeamountoftrafficalone.Beltways,orfasterstreetsaroundbusyareas,haveemergedincirclesaroundthisarea,whichisnotsurprisingbecausethisfeaturewasintentionallybuiltintothecity.”InManhattan,thebridgesandunderpassesthatformtheentryandexitpointscausetrafficslowdowns.However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly,forminganewtrafficbeltwaywiththesouthernendofCentralParkactingasablockbetweenlowerandcentralManhattan.“ItsurprisedusthatthereisanemergentbeltwayinsuchabusyareaofManhattan,”Carmodysaid.“Thisindicatesthat,unlikeinChengdu,beltwaysseemtoarisefromdriverbehaviorevenwhentheyaren’tpartofthestructuralplanofatrafficnetwork.”“Theresearchershaveimaginedthatthistechnologycouldgiveurbanplannersameanstoquantifytrafficpatterns,leadingtobettertraffic,”Carmodysaid.“Asmethodsoftransportationdevelop,newproblemswillemerge,andwehopethatourtoolswillgiveplannersnewwaystomeasurewhatisgoingonwithcitytraffic.”25.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatcontributestotrafficjamsinManhattan?A.Roadfacilitiesanddriverbehavior.B.Thelocationofbridgesandunderpasses.C.Thenumberofbottlenecksandbeltways.D.Roadsignsandurbanpopulation.26.ResearchersalsostudiedChengduinorderto.A.comparethelayoutsofthetwocitiesB.findbetterinfrastructureforonecityC.designtrafficpatternswiththealgorithmD.assesstheeffectivenessofthealgorithm27.WhydovehiclesmovefasterinlowerManhattan?A.Becauseoflowerpostedspeedlimits.B.Becausedriversfollowthetrafficrules.C.Becauseitisplannedinthetrafficnetwork.D.Becauseabeltwayhasemergedaroundthearea.28.Whoisthetargetofthisnewcomputeralgorithm?A.Slowerdrivers.B.Cityplanners.C.Infrastructuredevelopers.D.Roadsigndesigners.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。FoodwasteinAmericaJusthowmuchfooddoAmericanswaste?Herearesomenumbers:TheUnitedStatesisthegloballeaderinfoodwaste,withAmericansthrowingawaynearly40milliontonsoffoodeveryyear.Thatisequaltomorethan$161billion.Butthetruthisthat37millionpeopleacrossAmerica—including11millionchildren,aresufferingfromfoodshortage._29
3Morethan80percentofAmericansgiveupperfectlygoodfoodsimplybecausetheymisunderstandexpiration(到期)labels.Labelslike"sellby","useby",or"bestby"areconfusingtopeople.30Inreality,amajorityoffoodthrownawayisperfectlysafetoeat-about90percentoftossed-foodarestilleatable,accordingtoTheEconomicsReviewatNewYorkUniversity.31Andthiscontributestoageneralcultureofnotvaluingitthewayotherculturesaroundtheglobedo.Americanshavenevergonethroughfoodshortagecrisisinitsshorthistory,thusalargenumberofpeopletakefoodforgranted.TosolvetheproblemoffoodwasteintheUnitedStates,thegovernmentsetsagoaltocutU.S.foodwasteby50percentbytheyear2030.32Inthisway,theAmericanswillhaveabetterunderstandingontheimportanceofreducingfoodlossandwastefromanearlyage.33Wastecanbeavoidedbyimprovingproductdevelopment,storage,shopping/orderingmarketinglabeling,andcookingmethods.Ifexcessfoodisunavoidable,recoverittodonatetohunger-relieforganizationssothattheycanfeedpeopleinneed.Foodthatcannotbeeatenbymancanberecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedandclothing.A.WhydoAmericanswastesomuchoftheirfood?B.FoodintheUnitedStatesisplentifulandlesscostly.C.Theplanaimstogethelpfrompublicandprivateschools.D.Thegovernmenthastoplayamajorroleinreducingfoodwaste.E.Toavoidthepotentialofgettingsick,they'lljustsendittothegarbage.F.Itisreportedthat8millionpeoplegetsickfromeatingthewrongfood.G.Still,thebestwaytocutbackonfoodlossistonotcreateitinthefirstplace.第三部分完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Ithadbeenalongbusinesstrip.Webadalreadyhadmultipleflightdelays,soIwaspleasedwhenwe34boardedtheplaneonschedule.Theflightattendantsshutthedoor,35thepassengers,andsoonafter,Iheardthesoundoftheenginesfiring,whichseemedquite36tome.ItiscommoninAtlantathatwehadtowaitabiton,the37forourturn.Andthenfinallywestartedmovingslowly.38,whenwedidsoforabout10minutes,suddenlytheplanestopped.Anannouncementcamethatwe'dhaveadelay,andwe'dbeinaholdingpatternforalittlewhile.That“littlewhile”39minutesatlast.Itwasalmost40degreesandwewere40inthesmallplanewithalmostnoairconditioning.Itseemedlikea(n)41!Sowhentheplanetookoffintheend,all
4thepassengerscouldn'thelp;cheering,Waiting'isnotsomethingthatcomes.easilytomer.I'mmorelikethesportscarwiththeengine42waitingatthecrossing.Themomentthetrafficlightturnsgreens,Iwillrushouturgently.Butnow,asI'vereachedmyadvancedage,I've43something:WhenIhavetostayina“holdingpattern”,itwillbewisetoacceptthatwith44andagoodattitude.Sometimesthose“holdingpatterns”areformy45.Theyteachmesomethingconnectwithsomeone,ormakemewaituntilthingsare46.Sometimesthose“holdingpatterns”seemverylongand47justliketheoneonthehotairplanebutIshouldtrusteverythingwillbeOK.IshouldknowwhatIcandoisjusthave48withthedifficulttime.34．A．actuallyB．eventuallyC．instantlyD．deliberately35．A．settledB．comfortedC．linedD．investigated36．A．disgustingB．sharpC．certainD．beautiful37．A．runwayB．platformC．pavementD．road38．A．ThereforeB．OtherwiseC．InsteadD．However39．A．turnedintoB．madeupC．ranoutofD．ledto40．A．limitedB．trappedC．expectedD．forbidden41．A．dreamB．failureC．disasterD．adventure42．A．breakingdownB．runningC．losingcontrolD．dying43．A．confirmedB．deservedC．experiencedD．realized44．A．gratitudeB．painC．sympathyD．awe45．A．tasteB．rightC．benefitD．excitement46．A．inamessB．instoreC．inplaceD．incommon47．A．unbearableB．frighteningC．discouragingD．strange48．A．courageB．confidenceC．patienceD．Curiosity第I卷（共61分）I.根据所给字母写出正确的单词来完成句子。（每小题1分，共10分）1.Anall-roundeducationaimsatprovidingstudentswithaplatformwheretheycandisplaybothaachievementsaswellasmoraldisciplines2.Thecourseteachesyouthetheorybutthere'snosforpracticalexperience.3.Anactivelearnerhasthecouragetoquestionwhythingsshouldworkinthisway,ratherthanacceptorders
5p.4.—Canyoubelieveit?I"vejustbeengrantedachancetoworkinGermanynextyear!—Congratulations!Neverletsuchagoldenopportunitysthroughyourfingers5.Tobecomeaprofessor,youaresupposedtoacquiretheabilitytouscientificresearchesindependently.6.Unabletortheappealingadvertisement,hepurchasedsomeunnecessaryitemsonsaleafterall.7.ShewenttoSpaindthefactthatherdoctorhadtoldhertorest.8.ThereisonepointinOriginofSpeciesthatmostlivingcreaturesoughttomakeana___________tonatureinordertobecomethefittest.9.Mutation(变异)ofvirusindicatessuchself-protectivemeasuresaswearingmasks,maintainingsocialdistanceshouldneverbeo.10.Closelyawithcomediesinthepublicmind,CharlieChaplinhaslongbeenregardedasanonverbalhumormaster.II.根据句意从方框中选出合适的动词短语，并用其适当形式完成句子。（每小题1分，共10分）callup;takein;adjustto;payoff;getthrough;castdown;markout;fitinwith;fadeout;applyfor1.Ifthebodyalcoholfasterthanitcanreleaseit,thebloodalcoholcontentwillgoupquickly.2.Muchwhenheheardofhisfailure,Tombowedhisheadwithsorrow.3.aloanofferedbythefederalbankthreeweeksago,thefreshmanwaitedanxiouslyfortheresult,hopingtolessenthefinancialburdenofhisfamily.4.Asafootballplayer,LionelMessi’syearsofhardtrainingwhenhewontheawardofFIFAWorldPlayerforthe6thtimein2019.5.Overthepastmonths,memoriesoftheoriginandfoundationoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)bytheAwakeningAge,apopularTVseries,whichhaswonpraiseamongnumerousyoungpeopleinChina.6.Thisisanewly-designeddeskforprimaryschoolstudents,whichcantheheightoftheusers.7.Tomakeiteasierfortouriststovisitthepalace,thearchitectssetaboutdetailedroutesonthemap.8.thelocalculture,shedecidedtoboardwithahostfamilywhomayassisthertoovercomecultureshock.9.Astheirnumberdeclinesandmanynomads(游牧民)resettleintotownsandcities,manyoftheoriginal
6nomadiccustomsare.10.Ourmessagedoesn’tseemto;we’vehadnoreplythoughitwassentseveraldaysago.III.课文背诵填空。（每小题1分，共10分）1.I(1)________________thatIhaven"thadtimeforsocialactivities.Ithinkit’simportantto(2)________________studyandasociallife,soI'mgoingtojoinafewclubs.Hopefully.I"llmakesomenewfriends.2.Exact1ywhenthefirstpeople(1)________________wenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridge(2)________________.3.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsand(1)_____________humancloning,butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUKcontinuedto(2)________________theabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.4.(1)________________apatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse’s.Therearealargenumberofpatentexaminers,too,whoseonlyjobistoexamine(2)________________.5.H:(rudely)LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish:theEnglishthatwill(1)________________totheendofherdays.PerhapsIcouldevenfindheraplaceasalady’smaidorashopassistant,(2)________________.IV.根据中文意思填空。（每小题1分，共9分）1.到了英国之后不久，她就适应了寄宿家庭的生活。寄宿家庭使她感到宾至如归。reachingtheUK,shewasaccustomedtolivingwithherhostfamily,whomadeher.2.如果你想和他们合作，你就必须在薪水方面做出一些妥协。Ifyouwanttocooperatewiththem,youhavetointermsofsalary.3.这个年轻人被他在网上结识的一个女孩骗。现在警方已着手将她绳之以法。Theyoungmanwascheatedbyagirlheonline.Nowthepolicehavesetouttobringhertojustice.4.在抗击COVID-19中，她作为一名医务工作者享有盛名，其出色工作获得了认可。ShehasalreadyasaqualifiedhealthcareworkerinthefightagainstCOVID-19andforherexcellentwork5.如果你不只争朝夕一头扎入学习，就注定会后悔。Ifyoudon’tseizethedayyourstudies,youareboundtobeovercomewithregret.5.逃跑的抢劫犯让人非常害怕，他曾经冒充警察骗财无数。
7Theescapedrobberpeople’shearts,whoonceapolicemantogaincountlesspropertybydeception.V.语法填空。（每小题1分，共10分）Acomfortingcupofteaisanessentialpartofthedayforhundredsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheglobe.Worldwide,threecupsoftea1．(consume)foreverycupofcoffee.To2．(full)appreciatetheancientrootsoftheherbaldrink,peoplecanpayavisittotheChinaNationalTeaMuseum,whichhasalonghistory.3．(locate)inHangzhou,themuseumoccupiesapark-likesetting.Inside,varioushallsdemonstratethestoryoftea,itsceremoniesanditstoolsRecordsofteadrinkingdateasfarbackastothe4．(ten)centuryB．C．inChina.Originallytheleaveswerebakedintoabrick,apartof5．couldbebrokenoffandmadeintoapowder.TeaspreadintonorthernChinaduringtheTangDynasty;bytheSongDynastyithadacquiredalose-leafproductionaswellastheceremoniesthatmadeitsconsumption6．artform.Theartofteaextendedtoitsfancycontainers,whichare7．displayatthemuseum.Youcanseeagracefullyroundedkettlethat8．(date)back5,000yearsandabowlfromtheTangDynastywithabeautifulsimplicity.Today9．(visit)canobserveateaceremonythatmightbeenough10．(change)eventhemostpassionatecoffeedrinker.VI.书面表达（共40分）第一节应用文（15分）假如你是李华，你的笔友Tom发来e-mail说他最近学习状态不佳。请根据以下要点，给Tom回复e-mail，给他介绍几个自我激励的方法。提示：1.每天花十五分钟做自己喜欢的事；2.每天至少记下一件让你感到骄傲的事；3....注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯。DearTom,
8____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Warmestregards,LiHua第二节读后续写（25分）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Onacoldwindyday,apoorboytriedtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoortodoor.Wanderingonthestreet,hewasnotasuccessfulseller.What’sworse,hefoundthatheonlyhasonedime（一角硬币）left.Hisemptystomachremindedhimconstantlythatfordayshehadn’teatenanything.Hehadnochoicebuttobegforamealatthenexthouse.Hesitantlyheknockedatthedoor,thinkingaboutwhattosaywhenitopened.Howeverhelosthisnervewhenalovelyyoungwomanopenedthedoor.“WhatcanIdoforyou?”askedtheyoungwoman.Theboypausedforawhile.“Wouldyoupleasegivemesome….adrinkofwater?”theboydarednotlookdirectlyintohereyes.Shelookedatthebonyboyandthoughthemightneedsomethingtogivehimenergy,soshebroughthimaglassofmilk.Hisheadrisingandsmallhandstakingthecup,hedrankitupslowly,andthenasked,“HowmuchdoIoweyou?”“Youdon’towemeanything,”Sherepliedwithawarmsmileonherface.“Mymotherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness.”Deeplymoved,hesaidsincerely,“ThenIshallthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.”AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,henotonlyfeltstrongerphysically,butitalsoincreasedhisfaithinGodandthewholehumanrace.Asamatteroffact,hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethatpoint.Yearslater,theyoungwomanbecameseriouslyill.However,thelocaldoctorswereunabletogivetheeffectivemedicaltreatment.Finallytheysenthertoahospitalinthebigcity,wherespecialistscanbecalledintocureherraredisease.Amongthesefamousspecialists,Dr.HowardKellywascalledinfortheconsultation（会诊）.Whenheheardthenameofthetownshecamefrom,astrangelightfilledhiseyes.Immediately,heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；Paragraph1Dressedinhisdoctor’sgownhewentintoseeher.___________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2Thebillwassenttoherroom._________________________________________________________________________
9参考答案阅读理解A篇：BACDB篇：ADBB七选五：AEBCG完形填空BADADABCBDACCAC语法填空：areconsumedfullyLocatedtenthwhichanondatedvisitorstochange应用文HiTom,Howareyoudoing?I’msorrytohearthatyou’renotinagoodstateoflearning.Herearesometipsthatmaybringyoubacktoabettercondition.First,spendfifteenminutesdoingyourfavouriteactivity,suchaslisteningtomusic,readingstorybooks,whichwillhelpyoureleasetension.Second,carryapenandpaperwithyouwhenyou’reonthego.Writedownatleastonethingthatwillmakeyoufeelproudof.Wheneveryoufeeldown,youcantakealookatthosenotestomakeyourselffeelbetterandtogainconfidencefromit.Third,stopthenegativethinkingandfocusonsolvingthoseproblems.Insteadofbeingsonegativetowardsourlife,whydon’twelivehappilyandspendourtimeonsomethingconstructive?Ihopethesesuggestionswillhelpyou.TakegoodcareandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyouagain.Warmestregards,LiHua读后续写Paragraph1Dressedinhisdoctor’sgown,hewentintoseeher.Hesawherlieonthebedandrecognizedheratonce.Herlovelyfacelookedpale.Hewentbacktotheconsultationroomanddeterminedtodohisbesttosaveherlife.Fromthatdayon,hegavespecialattentiontohercase.Luckily,afteralongstrugglethebattlewaswon.DoctorKellyrequestedthebusinessofficetopassthefinalbillforapproval.Helookedatitandthenwrotesomethingontheside.Paragraph2Thebillwassenttoherroom.Hesitantlyshetookit.Shewasafraidtoopenitbecauseshewassurethatitwouldtaketherestofherlifetopayitoff.Finally,sheopenedthebill,onthe
10othersideofwhichanotecaughtherattention.Shereadthesewords,“Paidinfullwithaglassofmilk.“signedDr.HowardKelly.Tearsofjoyfloodedhereyesassheprayedsilently,“Thankyou,God!”
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