北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语Word版含答案

《北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语Word版含答案》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语试卷第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Themeasureofaman’srealcharacteriswhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbefoundout.----ThomasMacaulayAboutthirtyyearsago,IwasstudyinginapublicschoolinNewYork.Oneday,MrsNanetteO’Neillgaveamathstesttoourclass.Whenthepaperswere____1____shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.Thereisnothingreallynewabout____2____inexams.PerhapsthatwaswhyMrsO’Neilldidn’tevensayawordaboutit.Sheonlyaskedthetwelveboysto____3____afterclass.Iwasoneofthetwelve.MrsO’Neillaskednoquestions,andshedidn’tscolduseither.Instead,shewroteontheblackboardthe____4____wordsbyThomasMacaulay.Shethenorderedustocopythesewordsintoourexercise-booksonehundredtimes.Idon’tknowabouttheotherelevenboys.SpeakingformyselfIcansayitwasthemostimportantsingle5ofmylife.ThirtyyearsafterbeingintroducedtoMacaulay’swords,they6seemtomethebestyardstick(准绳),becausetheygiveusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.____7____ofusareaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.Butallofusarecalled____8____dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor________9tothepoliceman?Shouldthe____10___changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?Nobodywillknowexceptyou.Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisalwaysbettertolivewithsomeoneyourespect.1.A.completedB.examinedC.markedD.answered2.A.lyingB.cheatingC.discussingD.guessing3.A.leaveB.apologizeC.comeD.remain4.A.aboveB.commonC.followingD.unusual5.A.lessonB.incidentC.chanceD.memory6.A.stillB.evenC.alwaysD.almost7.A.AllB.FewC.SomeD.None8.A.upB.outC.forD.upon9.A.turnedupB.turnedonC.turnedbackD.turnedover10.A.extraB.smallC.someD.necessary第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题15分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIstillrememberourphysicsteacher__11_____gaveusachallengethatinvolvedmakingapaperplaneof10/10

1anyshape.Theonlyobjectivewastogetittoflyasfaraspossible.Standingatthestartingline,oneofmyclassmatestookapieceofflatpaper,crumpled(把…捏成一团)itup,and12(throw)itdowntheway.Hebeattheclasswithease.Someofthestudentsgotmadandsaidthathecheated,butthephysicsteacher13(clear)explaineditcouldbeanyshapeandthatapaperballwasindeedashape.BAlibabaisn’ttheonlycompany___14_________introduceshigh-techhotels.SmartLYZ,aShenzhen-basedcompanywhichfocusedondevelopingAItechnologyandsmarthotels,openedthefirsteverfullyautomated(自动化的)hotelinChengdu,____15_____peopleconsidertobeoneofthebestplacestolive.TravelerscanbookaroomthroughSmartLYZ’sWeChatwebsite,checkinthroughafacialrecognitionmachine,unlockthedoorwitha______16______(give)passcodeorthroughitsmobileappandfinally,checkoutbypressingabuttonontheapp.TheAISmartRoomwillundoubtedlybeextremelyattractivetoguests.CTheobjectivesofeducationcanbevarious.Oneis___17_____(gain)allkindsofknowledge,thatcangiveusinsightsintohowpeoplethinkandtherightattitudewheninteractingwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.Thesecondistoprepareindividualsforawell-roundedlifeinsociety.Inotherwords,ithelpsindividualsthink________18______(depend),developcriticalthinkingskillsandactbasedonjudgment.Thirdly,educationhelpslearnersunderstand___19_____thethingisrightorwrong,learn___20_______tointeractwithothers,behavewithintegrity,etc.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AUSATODAY10Best'sReadersChoiceAwardsarecurrentlyonhold.Weaskedourreaderstovoteforthetopeventsacrosssixcategories:music,generalfood,specialtyfood,film,culturalandemergingindustries(foundedinthepastfiveyears).Thesearesomeofthewinners:KutztownFolkFestivalThenine-dayKutztownFolkFestivalisthenation'soldestcontinuouslyoperatedfolklifefestival,drawingvisitorsfromaroundtheglobe.AcelebrationofPennsylvaniaDutchcultureandheritage,theeventincludesAmerica'slargestquiltsale,200craftsmenandfolkartists,localfoodandfamilyfriendlyentertainment.WaterLanternFestivalTheWaterLanternFestivalisallaboutconnections.MagicalnightsincitiesacrosstheUSincludefood,livemusicandthebeautyofthousandsoflanternsdecoratedwithlettersoflove,hopeanddreamsfloatingonthewater.CarnavalofQuebecTheQuebecCarnavalisa10-dayfestivalofwinter,theworld'slargest,completewithnightparades(庆祝游行）,iceskating,snowsculpturesandatoweringicepalace.Otherhighlightsincludeicecanoeracing,asugarshackandiconicCariboudrinks.SanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeSanFranciscohascelebrateditsChineseheritageduringitsannualChineseNew10/10

2YearFestival&ParadesincejustaftertheGoldRush.Theparaderanksamongthebestintheworld,with100units,fancycostumes,fireworksanda268-footGoldenDragon,whichtakesateamof100menandwomentomarchthroughthestreets.Ithasbecomeoneofthelargesteventsofitskindintheworld,drawingsomethreemillionspectatorsandtelevisionviewers.21.WhatcanyouseeduringKutztownFolkFestival?A.Modernarts.B.Quiltsforsale.C.Traditionalweddings.D.Showsonstage.22.Whichfestivalismeanttopromoteinterpersonalrelationships?A.KutztownFolkFestival.B.CarnavalofQuebec.C.WaterLanternFestival.D.SanFranciscoChineseNewYearParade.23.CarnavalofQuebecandSanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeboth.A.includespecialfoodB.relatetoparadesC.takeplaceonlyatnightsD.havesculptureexhibitionsBFordecades,Americanshavebeensortingtheirtrashbelievingthatmostplasticcouldberecycled.Butthetruthisthatthevastmajorityofallplasticproducedcan'tbeorwon'tberecycled.In40years,lessthan10%ofplastichasbeenrecycled.AnewsprogrammeFrontline,byNPRandthePBS,foundthatoilandgascompanies-themakersofplastic-haveknownthatallalong,evenastheyspentmillionsofdollarstellingtheAmericanpublictheopposite.Theplasticsindustryofficialssaidtheindustryisprovidingmoneyfornewtechnologythattheybelievewillgetrecyclingplasticuptoscale.Thegoal,theysaid,istorecycle100%oftheplastictheymakein5years.Butthemoreplasticisrecycled,thelessmoneytheindustrywillmakebysellingnewplastic.Andthoseprofitshavebecomeincreasinglyimportant.Companieshavetoldshareholders（股东）thatprofitsfromusingoilandgasfortransportareexpectedtodeclineincomingyearswiththeincreasinguseofelectriccars.Theindustryleadersexpectoilandgasdemandsfromthechemicalindustrywillbemuchgreaterthanthedemandfromthetransportsideinthecomingdecade.Plasticproductionoverallisnowexpectedtorisethreetimesby2050,andonceagain,theindustryisspendingmoneyonadvertisementsandpublicrelationstopromoteplasticrecycling.Plasticisnowmorecommonthanit'severbeenandhardertorecycle.Gaspricesremainathistoriclows,makingnewplasticcheaperthanrecycledplastic.Andtheindustrynowproducesmanymoredifferent-andmorecomplex-kindsofplasticsthataremorecostlytosortandinmanycasescan'tberecycledatall.Effortstoreduceplasticusearemountingnationwide,butanyplantoslowthegrowthofplasticwillfaceanindustrywithbillionsofdollarsoffutureprofitstolose.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthegoalof100%plasticrecycling?A.It'smodest.B.It'sachievable.C.It'surgent.D.It'sunreal.25.Howwilltheoilandgascompaniesmakemoreprofitsinthefollowingyears?A.Bysellingelectriccars.B.Byaddingemphasisonrecycling.C.Byincreasingplasticproduction.10/10

3D.Bymeetingtheneedsoftransport.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mounting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Increasing.B.Working.C.Failing.D.Decreasing.27.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ShouldPlasticBeRecycled?B.CanPlasticWasteBeHandled?C.RecyclePlasticorSellMore?D.PlasticProductsorSubstitutes?CNewAppHelpsPeopleRememberFacesLargegatheringssuchasweddingsandconferencescanbesociallyoverwhelming.Pressuretolearnpeople’snamesonlyaddstothestress.Anewfacial-recognitionappcouldcometotherescue,butprivacyexpertsrecommendproceedingwithcaution.Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.“Itbreaksdownthesesocialbarriersweallhavewhenmeetingsomebody,”saysBarrySandrew,whocreatedtheappandtesteditataneventattendedbyabout1,000people.AfterreceivinganinvitationtodownloadSocialRecallfromaneventorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfiesandsigninviasocialmedia.Attheevent,theappisactivewithinapreviouslydefinedgeographicalarea.Whenauserpointshisorherphonecameraatanattendee’sface,theappidentifiestheindividual,displaystheperson’sname,andlinkstohisorhersocialmediaprofile.Toprotectprivacy,itrecognizesonlythosewhohaveagreedtoparticipate.Andtheapp'screatorssayitautomaticallydeletesusers’dataafteranevent.AnnCavoukian,aprivacyexpertwhorunsthePrivacybyDesignCenterofExcellencepraisestheapp’screatorsfortheseprotectivemeasures.Shecautions,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“theremaybeunintendedconsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou.”Thestart-uphasalsodevelopedaversionoftheappforindividualswhosufferfromprosopagnosia,or“faceblindness,”aconditionthatpreventspeoplefromrecognizingindividualstheyhavemet.Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthesmartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslyenteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser’sphone,accordingtotheteambehindtheapp.28.SocialRecallisusedto________.A.takephotosB.identifypeople10/10

4C.organizeeventsD.makefriends29.SocialRecallhelpspeoplewithprosopagnosiaby________.A.givingnamestothephotoskeptintheirsmartphonesB.collectinginformationpreviouslyenteredinthephoneC.providingtheinformationofapersonwhentheyfirstmeetD.showingtheperson’sinformationwhenitspotsastoredface30.WhatcanwelearnaboutSocialRecallfromthepassage?A.Itmayputpeople’sprivacyatrisk.B.Ithascausedunintendedconsequences.C.Itcanpreventsomecommunicationdisorders.D.Itispraisedbyusersforitsprotectivemeasures.DFollowingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknownvirusasitsfulleffectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing—theNCP’ssymptomsaresimilartothecommoncoldortheflu,butit’spotentiallymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesarenon-livingorganisms(有机体)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing–fromplantsandanimalsdowntothesmallestbacteria.Forthisreason,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseasesoseriousthatitisfatal.Otherviralinfectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesliearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,waitingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanenterourbodiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaksintheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexample,HIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackstheT-cellsoftheimmunesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult”,EdRybicki,avirologist(病毒学家)attheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon’tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded”.However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNAorRNAthat“escaped”fromlargerorganisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.10/10

5Forthetimebeing,theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemostplausibleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A.Viruseshavenothingtodowiththecommoncold.B.Virusesarereallysmalllivingorganisms.C.Virusescan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D.Virusesenterourbodiesmainlythroughthemouth,noseandhair.32.Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.B.Theyevolvedfromparasitesintoindependentorganisms.C.TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D.Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.33.Theunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.reasonableB.commonC.creativeD.unbelievable34.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals’.B.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.C.Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D.Theauthorisoptimisticaboutfuturevirusresearch.第二节（共5小题:每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyouabookworm?Isyourheadpermanentlystuckinabook?35.Therearemanybenefitstoreading.Gettingintoagoodnovelimprovesourliteracy.Butwhoorwhatencouragesustopickupabookandstartreading?Ofcourse,whenweareyoung,ourparentsandteachersinspireusbyintroducingustocharactersthatweloveorhate.Asachild,IlovedbookswrittenbyRoaldDahl,suchasCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandTheTwits.36.Theyarepopularwithchildreneventoday,despitecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors.Onemodern-daychildren'sauthorisJ.K.Rowling,who'sknownforherbooksaboutthewizard,HarryPotter.37.TheUK'sNationalLiteracyTrustawardedherthetitlefor“turningagenerationofchildrenintoreaders”.38.Itcanalsohelppeopleindifficultcircumstances.TheauthorPatWinslowworkedasawriterinprisonsandfoundreadinganddiscussingstorieshelpedprisonersreflectontheirpatternsofbehavior.Shesays,“veryoftenwewouldhavediscussionsaboutthemoralcompassofacharacter.Whatwasthemotivationofsomebody?Whydidtheybehavethatway?”TodayIliketoreadfactualbookssuchasbiographies,whereyougetaninsightintothelivesofimportantandwell-knownpeople.Ialsoenjoylookingattravelbooksandlearningaboutjourneysandnewdestinations__39__.Butthemainbenefitofreadingistheimprovementitbringstoourliteracy.Themorewedoit,thebetterwe10/10

6getandwhoknows—onedayyoumaybecomethenextTolstoy,JackieCollinsorevenWilliamShakespeare.A.Ifso,that'sagoodthingforyou.B.It'sagoodsubstituteifyoucan'tvisitinperson.C.Goodwritingcanreallycaptureourimagination.D.Readingbooksismorethananenjoyableleisuretime.E.Thesefictionalstorieswerefunny,twistedandslightlyevil.F.Whoareyourfavoriteauthorsandwhichareyourfavoritebooks?G.Shewasnamedasa“literacyhero”forimprovingpeople'sloveofreading.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题：第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。AnewstudyrevealsmoreanswersaboutwhyEarth’ssecondlargestoceanisexpandingfourcentimetres.That’saroundtheheightofagolftee.Thewidthofacracker.It’salsotheamountthattheAtlanticOceanisexpandingeveryyear.Nowwhenyou’retalkingaboutanoceanthatis4,830kilometres(3,000miles)wideatitslargestpoint,4centimetres(1.6inches)isnotmuch.Butitishappening.Sonaturally,scientistswanttoknowwhy.Thankstoanewstudy,researchersthinkthattheyhavetheanswerwhy.Youcouldevencallita‘hottake’.Asinhotmagma,ormoltenrock,deepundertheoceanfloor!Thestudysuggeststhattheexpansionisbeingcausedbymagma(岩浆)bubblingupfromunderanunderwater‘mountainrange’calledtheMid-AtlanticRidge.Let’sstartwithwhatthatridgeis.Basically,theMid-AtlanticRidgeistheseambetweensomeverylargetectonicplates.Theridgeisalsoknownasaplateboundary.Aswe’vediscussedbeforehere,tectonicplatesareessentiallytheplatformsthatourcontinentsreston.Theyarelargepiecesofthecrustthatarealwaysmovinginslowmotion.Thismovementiswhatcausesearthquakes,forexample.Andtheareaswheretheplatesmeetarewherewetendtofindthingslikemountainsandvolcanos,aswell.Inthiscase,asthemagmabubblesupfromthemantle(地幔)belowthecrust,itispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutoftheway.Asaresult,theoceanisslowlygettingwider.Thisisanewfinding.Beforethestudy,scientiststhoughtthattheplateswerebeingpulledapart—theywere10/10

7beingdraggedawayfromtheridgebyforcesoccurringoneithersideoftheocean,notfrominthemiddle.Scientistsstillbelievethatthis‘pulling’motionishappening.Itisjustthatnow,theyfeelthatthebubblingmagmaisanimportantforceaswell.Thereispushandpull.Thescientistsbehindthisstudyhavebeenquicktopointoutthattheirresearchisonlylookingatasmallcross-sectionoftheridge.It’slikeasliceacrossit.Whatishappeningrightalongthisslice,maynotbehappeningthesamewayupanddowntheentireridge.Butitisstillreallyusefulinformation—andhowtheygotitisprettycool.Backin2016,aresearchshiptraveledtoaveryquietspotdirectlyovertheridge.Overfiveweeks,thecrewdropped39seismometersontotheoceanfloor.Thesedevicesallowthemto‘listen’totheactivityofthetectonicplatesandwhatwasbeneathit.It’slikewhatastethoscopedoeswithyourheartbeat,butfortheplanet.Ayearlater,theyretrievedthedevicesandlookedatthedata.Thenitwasbacktothelabtotryandpiecetogetherwhattheylearned.Intheend,theyhaveaddedtoourunderstandingofhowandwhytheEarth’ssurfaceconstantlymoves.Evenifitisonlybyaboutalittlebiteachyear!40.WhatiscausingtheexpansionofEarth’ssecondlargestocean?41.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thismovement”referto?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Scientistsfindthatitisthemagmabelowthecrustthatispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutofthewaytocausetheoceantoslowlygetwider,butnottheforcesoccurringoneithersideoftheoceanpullingtheplatesapart.43.Whatdoyouthinkoftheprocessofhowthefindingwasgot?(about40words)第二节（20分）假如你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中询问北京海淀近几年的变化，请根据以下要点进行回复。1、变化时什么2、对你的影响3、期待朋友来北京海淀DearJim，______________________________________________________________________________________________10/10

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92021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语参考答案一、完型1-5CBDAC6-10CBDDA二、语法填空11.who12.threw13.clearly14.that15.where16.given17.togain18.independently19.whether20.how三、阅读理解21-23BCB24-27DCAC28-30BDA31-34CDAC35-39AEGDB四、阅读表达40.Theexpansionisbeingcausedbymagmabubblingupfromunderanunderwater‘mountainrange’calledtheMid-AtlanticRidge.41.Theslowmotion/movementofthecrustsoftheearth(tectonicplates).42.Scientistsfindthatitisthemagmabelowthecrustthatispushingtheedgesofbothplatesoutofthewaytocausetheoceantoslowlygetwider,butnottheforcesoccurringoneithersideoftheoceanpullingtheplatesapart.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsstillbelievethatthis‘pulling’motionishappening.Itisjustthatnow,theyfeelthatthebubblingmagmaisanimportantforceaswell.Thereispushandpull.43.略五、写作略10/10