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上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年度高一第一学期期末试卷英语试题(满分150分，130分钟内完成）第I卷1.ListeningComprehensionDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaidTheconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.7:00B.6:30C.6:00D.7:302.A.Theyarelikelytohaveagreatreview.B.Theywillstaythereforalongertime.C.theyaretoenjoyicecreaminaneasyway.D.Theicecreamstoreistoobigtoimagine.3.A.Hewasinvolvedinatrafficaccident.B.Hewasnotabletogettoworkontime.C.Heisseriouslysickofhiscar.D.Hehadhiscarstolen.4.A.Thewomanplannedtotravelbyhigh-speedrail.B.Oneoftheman’searsabsolutelydeaf.C.Thetrafficappmayhelpthemtoavoidaheavytraffic.D.Theyaredrivingatahighspeedastheyplanned.5.A.AtthebusstopofShanghaiDisneyland.B.Attheplatformofasubway.C.AtShanghairailwaystation.D.AtabusstopsomewhereinShanghai.6.A.Policewomananddriver.B.Nurseandpatient.C.Librarianandreader.D.Hotelmanagerandguest.7.A.Theyhaveadoptedatleasttwokids.B.Theywillhavemoreadoptedkids.C.ThecouplearefromAfrica.D.Theyareanextendedfamily.8.A.Ms.Zengisplanningtoraisetherawmaterialcostduetotheraisedlabourcost.B.Themanishesitatingaboutwhetherhewillbuycertainproductsornot.C.Thequalityoftheproductsisreallyfarfromtheman’sexpectation.D.Themanhasmadeuphismindtogivethenegotiationastop.9.A.Shedoesnotapproveoftheman’swayindescribingpeople’sspeech.B.Shebelievesthatpeople’sspeakinginanelegantwayisamazing.
1C.Shedoesn’tbelievepeoplemayspeakelegantlyinreallife.D.Shewasindoubtabouttheman’scharactersinthenovel.10.A.Theirweddinganniversaryiscomingsoon.B.They’dbetterfindanotherrestauranttocelebratetheirweddinganniversary.C.Thewomanshouldbemorepatientonsuchabigday.D.Thedrivingisdullbecauseoftheheavytraffic.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.15,000B.5,000,000C.15,000,000D.50,000,00012.A.TheChinesepeoplearereallygoodattheworld’smostpopularsport,soccer.B.Withinnextdecades,morethan90,000soccerfieldswillbebuiltacrossthecountry.C.ChinesemenhavequalifiedfortheWorldCupfinalonlyoncein2002.D.Incontrasttomen,Chinesewomensoccerplayersaremoresuccessful.13.A.SomebillionairesinChina.B.PresidentXiJinping.C.JacksonMartinez.D.TheChinesepeople.Question14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itgivesstudentsmoretimetodigestwhatthey’velearned.B.Itisflexibleinplanningclasses,socialpracticeandpersonalprojects.C.Plentyofsocialpracticefreesstudentsofworriesabouttheirfuturecareer.D.Studentshavemoretimetoenjoytheirlifeinuniversities.15.A.ThelengthofeachsemestervariesintheChinesetrimester.B.Allthose“Project985”universitieshaveappliedthistrimestersystem.C.Studentshouldtakeasmanycoursesaspossibleinsummersemester.D.Takingothersubjectsshouldbeoffthelistinsummersemester.16.A.Takingmorecoursesinsummersemester.B.Havinganefficientarrangementinstudyingcontents.C.Takinganactivepartinpromotingacademicenvironment.
2D.Payingnotattentiontochangesinacademicschedules.Question17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Athome.B.Inastudio.C.Inoffice.D.Atschool.18.A.AnEnglishprogramme.B.Somethingannoying.C.Anexpression.D.Agoat,calledFred.19.A.Nel'sgoatisreallyamadgoat,atroublemaker.B.NellreallymakesFeifeimad.C.Nell'sgoatwasreallyannoyingtoeveryone.D.Nell'sgoatannoysFeifeiduetoitssmell.20.A.Yourbestfriendtoldyouthathe'spastthedrivingtest.B.Somecarsareblowingtheirhornswhenyouaredoingatestinside.C.Youareridingabicyclewithyouclassmatesinthestreet.D.Yourneighbourbringsyouacakebecauseitisherdaughter’sbirthday.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21.Theconcertworldasawholeisincrisis,butjazz,oneofthemostvulnerabletypesonliveperformance,isespeciallyontheedge.A.whichdependsB.whichdependC.thatdependD.asdepends22.Victimsoftenmeetresistanceintheverylegalsystem,evidencemaybeoverwhelmedbypublicopinion.A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that23.TheNewYorkStockExchangeisnolongerthecompanythegeneralpublicthinksitis.A.whichB.asC.whereD.that24.ThelifeeventsofthismomentarebeingplacedinyourexperiencetoprovideyouwithaperfectcontextthetruewonderandgloryofWhoYouReallyAre.A.withinwhereyoucouldexperienceB.withinthattoexperienceC.whichtoexperiencewithinD.withinwhichtoexperience25.We’veadvancedanumberofnewtechnologicalinnovationshelpfulinopeningadditionalmarketsforourproductsinthefuture.
3A.webelievearehelpfulB.thatwebelievetheyarehelpfulC.aswebelieveareD.whichwebelieve26.Addressingtheseimportantissueswillbenefitnotonlythemilitarybut,isoftenthecase,theentirecountry.A.asB.whichC.thatD.if27.Werethementheynoticedsomerecruitedforthenavy?A.theonesB.whoC.ofwhomD./28.Louisethoughtofthedifficultyshecouldhaveeasilyacquiredthemoneysheneededtostarthercareer.A.afterwhichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.overwhich29.Manhasthegiftofreason,enableshimtodominatelifeonearth—andthechancetosurviveaslongasthesolarsystemremainshospitabletohim.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.as30.ThenewsystemindevelopmentDr.GreyparticipatedisnotbeingutilizedinthecurrentNationalDefenseprogram.A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that31.Additionaltransmittingfacilitieswouldamuchstrongersignalthatwouldreachmanymorelisteners.A.makeitpossibleB.makepossibleC.makepossiblethatD.bemadeitpossible32.Whatishardertoiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyaretakingchargeofisforreal.A.establishB.facilitateC.impressD.recommend33.Astheforeignslavetradewascutoff,theAmericanslavetradeabsolutelyboomed.A.intendedB.regularC.domesticD.limited34.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisCORRECT?A.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbesuretobecomplicated.B.ItislikelyforChinatobeattheUnitedStatesintheapplicationofAI,aslocalcompaniesscrambletoexperimentwithnewideas.C.ItistypicalforthoseunderemployedtofleenorthtoChicago,Detroitandothercitiesinsearchofabetterlife.D.EarlierinmypoliticalcareerIlearnedthetruthoftheoldsaying—thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.
435.OurmainbehindbuyingEuropeanstockshasbeenthedropintheeurowhichmakesexportsfromEuropeancountriesmorecompetitive.A.argumentB.factorC.discoveryD.capabilitySectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.(A)A.distractionB.separatedC.productD.partyE.entertainmentF.freedG.involvedH.failureI.electronicJ.prohibitedK.barelyTurningoffTV:aQuietHourIwouldliketoproposethatforsixtytoninetyminuteseachevening,rightaftertheearlyeveningnews,alltelevisionbroadcastingintheUnitedStatesbe36bylaw.Letustakeaserious,reasonablelookatwhattheresultsbeifsuchaproposalwereaccepted.Familiesmightusethetimeforarealfamilyhour.Withoutthe37ofTV,theymightsitaroundtogetherafterdinnerandactuallytalktooneanother.Itiswellknownthatmanyofourproblems-everything,infact,fromthegenerationgaptothehighdivorceratetosomeformsofmentalillness—arecausedatleastinpartby38tocommunicate.Wedonottelleachotherwhatisdisturbingus.Theresultisemotionaldifficultyofonekindoranother.Byusingthequietfamilyhourtodiscussourproblems,wemightgettoknoweachotherbetter,andtolikeeachotherbetter.Oneveningswhensuchtalkisunnecessary,familiescouldrediscovermoreactivepastimes.39fromTV,forcedtofindtheirownactivities,theymighttakearidetogethertowatchthesunset.Ortheymighttakeawalktogether(rememberfeet?)andseetheneighborhoodwithfresh,neweyes.WithfreetimeandnoTV,childrenandadultsmightrediscoverreading.Thereismore40inagoodbookthaninamonthoftypicalTVprogramming.Educatorsreportthatthegenerationgrowingupwithtelevisioncan41writeanEnglishsentence,evenatthecollegelevel.Writingisoftenlearnedfromreading.Amoreliteratenewgenerationcouldbea42ofthequiethour.Atfirstglance,theideaofanhourwithoutTVseemsradical.Whatwillparentsdowithoutthe43baby-sitter?Howwillwespendthetime?Butitisnotradicalatall.Ithasbeenonlytwenty-fiveyearssincetelevisioncametocontrolAmericanfreetime.Thoseofusthirty-fiveandoldercanrememberchildhoodswithouttelevision,spent44withradio—whichatleast45thelistener’simagination—butalsowithreading,learning,talking,playinggames,inventingnewactivities.Itwasn’tthatdifficult.Honest.Thetruthisweenjoyedourselvesgreatly.
5(B)A.normalB.continuedC.trappedD.removeE.shortF.urgedG.commitH.anniversaryI.endJ.increasesK.record2020hasbeenanextremeyearforhurricanes,wildfiresandheatwavesaroundtheworld.NewreportsfromUnitedNationsagencieslistthisyear'srecord-breakingweatherandtheburningoffossilfuelsascausesof46globalwarming.U.N.Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterresrecently47worldleaderstomake2021theyearwhenhumanityendswhathecallsits“waronnature”.Heaskedthemto48toafuturefreeofplanet-warmingcarbonpollution.Thesecretary-general'scommentscomeastheU.N.preparesforaDec.12onlineclimatemeetinginFranceonthe5th49ofthe2015Parisclimateagreement.Amaingoalofthatagreementistokeep50intheEarth'stemperatureduringthiscenturytobetween1.5and2degreesCelsius.InaspeechgivenatNewYork’sColumbiaUniversity,Guterressaid,“Thestateoftheplanetisbroken,Humanityiswagingwaronnature.ThisissuicidalDestructivefiresandfloods,cyclonesandhurricanesareincreasinglythenew51.”Inareport,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO)saidthisyearissetto52about1.2degreesCelsiuswarmerthanthelasthalfofthe1800s.Scientistsusethattimeperiodasastartingpointforwarmingcausedbyheat-trappinggasesfromtheburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas.Most53heatgoesintotheworld’sseas.Oceantemperaturesarenowat54levels.Italsomeans2020willbeoneofthethreehottestyearsonrecord.Guterressawhopethatmorethan100countrieshavepromisedthatby2050theywillnotbeaddingmoreheat-trappinggasestotheatmospherethantreesandtechnologycan55.ChinaandU.S.President-electJoeBidenhavepromisednetzerocarbonemissions.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsonphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Housingisoneofthemostimportantneedsforhumanlife.Itisalsooneofthemostheavilyregulatedsectors.SinceWorldsWarI,inmostcountries,thegovernmenthas56interferedinthehousingmarket,tryingtocorrectexistingorimaginedmarketfailures.Forexample,virtuallyallcountrieshavehad,atsomepoint,rentcontrols.Bytheearly2010s,suchregulationswereabandonedbymostcountries.However,arenaissanceofrentcontrolisnow57inmanycountries.Forexample,limitationsonrentsettingwereimposedinParisandLyon(France)inJuly2019andMarch2020,58;state-widerentgrowthrestrictionswereintroducedinCaliforniain
6January2020andaretoremaininforceuntilJanuary2031;andinBerlin(Germany)rentswere59for5yearsstartinginFebruary2020,tonamejustafewexamples.TheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemichasincreasedtheimportanceofsuchmeasures.Afterthemajorityofcountriesimposedsanitaryrestrictions,suchaslockdowns,inMarch2020,the60lossofincomeledtoaworldwidewaveofeviction(驱逐）bansandrentfreezes.Thus,thathousingmarketregulationsplayanimportantroleisnotjust61fact,itispresentreality.Althoughgovernmentsusevariouscombinationsofcarrotsandstickstoachievetheirgoals,hereweconcentrateonlyonstickpolicies.62,weexaminethethreerestrictivehousingmarketregulations:(a)rentcontrol;(b)protectionoftenantsfromeviction;(c)housing63.Beingubiquitous(almosteverywhere)andoftenusedatalargescale,thesepoliciescanaffectvariousaspectsofnotjustthehousingmarketbutalsothewhole64.Theycaninfluencehousingpricesandrents,thechoicebetweenrentingandowning,residentialconstruction,theaccumulationanddistributionofwealth,andresidentialmobility.Indirectly,theycancontributetothebuildupofpricebubblesand65ofunemployment.Theassessmentoftheireffectscanbefacilitatedbythecreationofindices(指数)quantifyingthedegreeofseverityofsuchgovernmentalinterference.Therefore,thepurposeofthisstudyistodevelopamulticountry,multiperioddatabaseofrentalhousingmarket66.Thisstudyhasseveralimportantadvantages.First,it67averylongperiodoftime,whichisimportantgivenlong-lastingeffectsofgovernmentalregulationsuponmarkets,especiallyhousingmarketswhereavery68goodistraded.Second,itusesawidepanelofcountriesfromall69continents,takingadvantageofawidevarietyofnotjustsocioeconomicandculturalconditionsbutalsohistoricalpaths.Third,itcontainsa(n)70indicatorthatmeasurestheintensityofhousingrationing一aformofregulationthat,untilnow,hasbeenneglectedintheliterature.56.A.slightlyB.activelyC.legallyD.definitely57.A.observableB.capableC.approachableD.adaptable58.A.immediatelyB.fortunatelyC.respectivelyD.originally59.A.intendedB.pushedC.frozenD.arranged60.A.resultingB.leadingC.temptingD.boiling61.A.globalB.occasionalC.regularD.historical62.A.LiterallyB.SpecificallyC.ApparentlyD.Seriously63.A.rationingB.estateC.distributionD.adaptation64.A.countryB.worldC.humanityD.economy65.A.lackB.persistenceC.improvementD.independence66.A.tendenciesB.techniquesC.regulationsD.factors
767.A.enjoysB.lastsC.survivesD.covers68.A.preciousB.fancyC.durableD.reliable69.A.developedB.inhabitedC.spaciousD.independent70.A.novelB.labor-savingC.equalD.stylishSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IwasborninthecityofYork,inEngland,intheyear1632.Myfatherwasamanofsomewealth,abletogivemeagoodhomeandsendmetoschool.ItwashiswishthatIshouldbealawyerbutmyheadbegantobefilledveryearlywiththoughtsoftravel,andIwouldbesatisfiedwithnothingbutgoingtosea.Myfathergavemestrongadviceagainstit,butwithlittleeffect.Oneday,beingatHull,Imetaschool-fellowwhowasabouttosailforLondoninhisfather’sship,andheinvitedmetogowithhim,andinanevilhour,withoutaskingGod’sblessingormyfather’s,Iwentonboard.OnthewaytoLondon,astormarose,theshipwaswrecked,andwebarelyescapedwithourlives.IwentonfoottoLondon,whereImetwiththemasterofavesselwhichtradedtothecoastofAfrica.Hetookafancytome,andofferedmeachancetogowithhimonhisvoyages,whichIgladlyaccepted.Agreatstormcameup,andtheshipwastossedaboutformanydays,untilwedidnotknowwherewewere.Suddenlywestruckabankofsand,andtheseabrokeovertheshipinsuchawaythatwecouldnothopetohaveherholdmanymomentswithoutbreakingintopieces.Sointhisdistresswelaunchedaboat.Afterwehadbeendrivenfourorfivemiles,amountainouswavestruckussohardthatitoverturnedtheboatatonce.ThoughIswamwell,thewavesweresostrongthatIwasdashedagainstarockwithsuchforcethatitleftmesenseless.ButIrecoveredalittlebeforethewavesreturned,and,runningforward,gottothemainlandsafely.71.WhydidtheauthorgoonfoottoLondon?A.Theshiphetookwasdestroyedinastorm.B.Hisfatherdidnotsupplythefareforthejourney.C.Hewentagainsthisfather'sstrongadvicenottodoso.D.Hisschool-fellowinvitedhimtogotogether.72.Whydidtheylaunchaboat?A.Theyknewtheywereneartheshore.
8B.Thebigwaveswereabouttooverturntheship.C.Theirshiphadbeenknockedaboutformanydaysonthesea.D.Theirshiphadstrucksandandwasabouttobreakintopieces.73.Whentheauthorgottothemainland,he.A.searchedeverywhereforhislostcompanionsB.felldownonthegroundsenselessC.wassafeandsoundD.ranforwardtoescapebeingwashedbackintothesea74.Whentheauthorfinallyarrivedonland,hemostprobably.A.knewhewasinAfricaB.didnotknowwherehewasC.wasnotawarehewasbackinEnglandD.gotintouchwithhisfamilyandaskedforhelp(B)4DaysBeijinganXi’anHighlightsBudgetTourTourCode:CBT08TourDuration:4DaysDestination:Beijing,Xi’anTouroverview:EnjoythemarvelousancientrelicsincludingtheTerraCottaWarriorsandHorses,theGreatWall,theimperialForbiddenCityandSummerPalace...Also,experiencethetraditionalBeijinglocallifebytakingaHutongtourinRickshaw.B=Breakfast,L=Lunch,D=DinnerTourDatesDestinationsServicesProvidedMealsIncludedDay1BeijingBegreetedbyourlocalguideuponyourarrivalandthenbetransferredtoyourhotel.ExperienceauniqueHutongtourbytakingrickshawfortherestday.Details.../FirstClassDeluxeClassTouristClassCrownePlazaHotelBeijingWangfujingSunworldHotelBeijingRedwallHotelDay2BeijingVisitTheTempleofHeaven,TiananmenSquareandForbiddenCitv.Details...BFirstClassDeluxeClassTouristClass
9CrownePlazaHotelBeijingWangfujingSunworldHotelBeijingRedwallHotelDay3Beijing/Xi’anVisitBadalingGreatWall,MingTombs,TheSacredWay.Intheevening,hetransferredtorailwaystationtotakeovernightsoftsleepertraintoXi'an.Details...BDay4Xi'anArriveinXi'aninthemorning,yourlocalguidewillgreetyouattheexitoftherailwaystationandtransferyoutothehotel.Afterbreakfast.visitTheTerracottaArmyandHorses,AncientCityWallandBellTower.AftertheBtour,youwillbetransferredtotheairportforyourdepartureflighttonextdestination.Details...SeasonTourClassGroupSize2-5paxLowSeason3*(TouristClass)$539PeakSeason3*(TouristClass)$539ShoulderSeason3*(TouristClass)$5391.Normallyhotelsallowamaximumof3adultsperroomwithanextrabed,atextracharge.Somehotelswillallowthreeadultsandasmallchild.2.Tourpriceisindicativeonly,pleaseenquireforadetailedquotation.3.Morepeoplemorediscounts.Pleaseenquireformoredetails.FreeInquiry→PriceInclusionsandExclusionsPriceIncludeA.Entrancefees:Toscenicspotsaslistedaboveintheitinerary.B.Meals:Allmealsasspecifiedintheitinerary.C.PrivateTransfers:Amongairports,hotelsandscenicspotswhilesightseeingintheabovecitiesbytheprivateairconditionedvehicle.D.GuideandDriver:Asoutlinedintheitinerary,awellselectedEnglish-speakingguideanddriverwillaccompanyyouthroughouttheentiretourinthatcity.Theydonotflywithyoufromonecitytoanother.E.Hotels:HotelBasedontwopersonssharingoneroomwithtwinbeds.AllhotelsaslistedintheaboveitineraryservedailywesternorChinesebreakfast.Allroomsareair-conditionedwithprivatefacilitiesunlessspecified.
10F.LuggageTransfers:Betweenairportsandhotels.G.ServiceCharge&GovernmentTaxes.H.TravelinsuranceinmainlandChinaduringtheabovetravelperiod.I.Arrangements:Thetourcostincludesplanning,handling,operationalandcommunicationcharges.PriceExcludeA.EntryorExitChinaInternationalAirfareortraintickets.B.VisaFees.C.ExcessBaggageCharges.D.PersonalExpenses:Expensesofapurelypersonalnaturesuchaslaundry,drinks,fax,telephonecall,optionalactivities,sightseeingormealswhicharenotincludedintheitinerary.E.Meals:Anymealswhicharenotspecifiedwith“B”，“L”or“D”.F.SingleRoomSupplement.G.Insurancecoverageofpersonalloss,illnessordamagesincurredduringyourtrip.H.TipstoGuidesandDrivers.75.Whowouldbemostprobablyinterestedintheinformationabove?A.TouristagenciestryingtoexpandtheirbusinessinChina.B.ExpertsspecializingintheTerraCottaWarriorsandHorses.C.Highschoolstudentsplanningforthesummervacation.D.ForeignTouristsinterestedintraditionalChinesecultural.76.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheprice?A.TheovernightsoftsleepertraintoXi’an.B.AHutongtourinrickshaw.C.Compensationforapieceoflostluggage.D.Breakfastsfor3days.77.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.SunworldHotelBeijingissuperiortoCrownePlazaHotelBeijingWangfujing.B.Touristswillvisitninescenicspotsandexperienceaspecialtouralltogether.C.Thepriceforeachtouristremainsthesameregardlessoftheseasonortheirclass.D.TouristswillbeaccompaniedbyanEnglish-speakingguideontheirwaytoXi’an.(C)Attheageoftwelveyears,thehumanbodyisatitsmostvigorous.Ithasyettoreachitsfullsizeandstrength,anditsownerhisorherfullintelligence;butatthisagethelikelihoodofdeathisleast.Earlier,wewereinfantsandyoungchildren,andconsequentlymorevulnerable(易受伤害的)，later,weshallundergoa
11progressivelossofourvigorandresistancewhich,thoughunnoticeableatfirst,willfinallybecomesosteepthatwecanlivenolonger,howeverwellwelookafterourselves,andhoweverwellsociety,andourdoctors,lookafterus.Thisdeclineinvigorwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.Itisoneofthemostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthisway,thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseaseweshalleventually“dieofoldage"，andthatthishappensataratewhichdifferslittlefrompersontoperson,sothatthereareheavyoddsinfavorofourdyingbetweentheagesofsixty-fiveandeighty.Someofuswilldiesooner,afewwilllivelonger—onintoaninthortenthdecade.Butthechancesareagainstit,andthereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyandrobustweare.Normalpeopletendtoforgetthisprocessunlessanduntiltheyareremindedofit.Wearesofamiliarwiththefactthatmaages,thatpeoplehaveforyearsassumedthattheprocessoflosingvigorwithtime,ofbecomingmorelikelytodietheolderweget,wassomethingself-evident,likethecoolingofahotkettleorthewearing-outofapairofshoes.Theyhavealsoassumedthatallanimals,andprobablyotherorganismssuchastrees,oreventheuniverseitself,mustinthenatureofthings“wearout”.Mostanimalswecommonlyobservedoinfactageaswedo,ifgiventhechancetolivelongenough;andmechanicalsystemslikeawoundwatch,orthesun,doinfactrunoutofenergyinaccordancewiththesecondlawofthermodynamics(whetherthewholeuniversedoessoisamootpointatpresent).Butthesearenotanalogous(类似的)towhathappenswhenmanages.Arun-downwatchisstillawatchandcanberewound.Anoldwatch,bycontrast,becomessowornandunreliablethatiteventuallyisnotworthmending.Butawatchcouldneverrepairitself—itdoesnotconsistoflivingparts,onlyofmetal,whichwearsawaybyfriction.Wecould,atonetime,repairourselves—wellenough,atleast,toovercomeallbutthemostinstantlyfatalillnessesandaccidents.Betweentwelveandeightyyearswegraduallylosethispower;anillnesswhichattwelvewouldknockusover,ateightycanknockusout,andintoourgrave.Ifwecouldstayasvigorousasweareattwelve,itwouldtakeabout700yearsforhalfofustodie,andanother700forthesurvivorstobereducedbyhalfagain.78.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A.Ourfirsttwelveyearsrepresentthepeakofhumandevelopment.B.Peopleusuallyareunhappywhenremindedofageing.C.Normallyonlyafewofuscanlivetotheeightiesandnineties.D.Peopleareusuallylesslikelytodieattwelveyearsold.79.Theword“it”inthelastsentenceofParagraphTworefersto.A.remainingaliveuntil65B.remainingaliveafter80C.dyingbefore65orafter80D.dyingbetween65and80
1280.Whatisageing?A.Itisusuallyaphenomenonofdyingatanoldage.B.Itisafactthatpeoplecannotliveanylonger.C.Itisagraduallossofvigorandresistance.D.Itisaphasewhenpeopleareeasilyattackedbyillness.81.Whatdotheexamplesofwatchshow?A.Normallypeoplearequitefamiliarwiththeageingprocess.B.Allanimalsandotherorganismsundergotheageingprocess.C.Thelawofthermodynamicsfunctionsintheageingprocess.D.Human’sageingprocessisdifferentfromthatofmechanisms.(D)MentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsforEnglishpeoplelivingbetween1600and1800.Mostwomenandmenwhosufferedfrommentalillnesswerenotinstitutionalized,asthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDrElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheinsanethemselvesbutfewstudieshaveconsideredmentalillnessfromtheperspectiveofthecareers.Thelifetimeburdenofcaringforthoseindividualswhosementaldevelopmentdidnotprogressbeyondchildhood,andwhocontemporarieslabeledas‘idiots’or‘fools’，hasbeenlittleexploredbyhistorians.Foyster’sresearch,whichhasbeenfundedbytheLeverhulmeTrust,willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.Byaskingkeyquestionsabouttheimpactof‘careinthecommunity’inthe18thcentury,Foysterhopesthatherresearchwillbridgesocialandmedialhistory.Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation."Thestressesandstrainsoffamilylifewereworsenedbyhighinfantmortalityandlowlifeexpectancy,andmanyindividualswerepushedtowardsmentalbreakdown,”sheexplained,“Moreover,inheritedconditions，senility(衰老）andwhattodaywouldbedescribedas‘specialneeds'couldputgreatemotionaldemandsonfamilymemberswhohadprimaryresponsibilityfortheirsickordisabledrelatives.”Theresearchwillshedlightuponhowcaringforthementallyillanddisabledraiseddifficultissuesfor
13familiesaboutthelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibility,andwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedbytheexperience.Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.“Thefamilymusthaveseemedaninescapablefeatureofdailylifebetween1660and1800，”saidFoyster.“Althoughtherewerethosewhowereabandonedandrejected,forthemajority,mentaldisabilitywasaccommodatedwithinthefamilyunit.Iaimtogettotheheartofwhatthisreallymeantforpeople’slives.”82.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythosementallyillanddisabledwerenotinstitutionalizedfrom1660to1800?A.Mentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsthen.B.Theextensivebuildingofmentalhospitalsdidn’tstartyet.C.Theywereabandonedbythegovernmentandthefamily.D.Thefamilywouldbefoundguiltyiftheydidn’tcareforthem.83.WhydoesIoysterwanttocarryoutthisstudy?A.Becauseitcanprovidesomefoodforthoughtforsomecurrentsocialissues.B.Becausethestressesandstrainsoffamilylifehavedrivenmanypeoplecrazy.C.Becauseshe'slookingforwaystocommunicatewiththesickordisabledpeople.D.Becausethelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibilityinsuchfamiliesinteresther.84.WhichquestionwillNOTbestudiedintheresearch?A.Howshouldresourcestodaybestretchedtoprovideforanagingpopulation?B.Howdidcaringforthesickanddisabledaffectthefamily’searningpower?C.Howshamefuldidafamilyfeelwhentheirinsaneordisabledrelativeswerefoundout?D.Atwhatpointdidthosefamilieshavetobegintolookforoutsidehelp?85.Thepassageiswritteninorderto.A.revealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelativesB.provideanhistoricalperspectivetocontemporarydebatesC.shedlightuponwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedD.introduceanewhistoricalstudycarriedoutbyaCambridgehistorian第II卷SectionADirections:Fillintheblankstomakethesentencescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.(A)FillineachblankwiththePROPERformofthegivenverb.1.Withtheappropriatelevelofdifficulty,peoplemayfeellike(challenge)itagainandagain.
142.Studiessuggestitwon'tbelongbeforeLondon(replace)NewYorkasthecapitalofPublicRelations.3.Multi-channelretailersareofferingconsumerstheoptiontopickuptheironlinepurchasesatthestoreorhavetheproducts(deliver).4.Wewantthemtoimagine(be)businessleaderswhobalancetheirkidsandtheirprofessionallives.5.Itisthefirsttimethetechnique(use)todocumenthowthebrainprocessesgrammarandproduceswords.6.Microsoft(hardly,finish)announcingthatitschiefexecutivewassteppingdownwhenthecompanypulledhisreferencesoffitswebsiteandputupthebiographyofitsincomingchiefexecutive.7.Theyear2020(witness)aseriesofremarkablemovesinChinahistory,includinga10-yearfishingbanalongtheYangtzeRiver,atotalbanonimportingsolidwaste,andtheconclusionofathree-yearactionplanonfightingagainstairpollution.8.WhilemanythinkofFordastheinventoroftheautomobile,hewascertainlynotthefirst(assemble)agas-poweredcar.9.Bythetimethenewlawoncorporationincometaxcomesintoeffect,Americanconsumers(suffer)bybeingdeniedcheapproducts.10.Howdoyougetpeople(listen)toclassicalmusicinaprofoundlynon-classicalage?(B)Useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.11.Aristotleconsidershumannature,habitandreasontobeequallyimportantforcestobecultivatedineducation,theultimateaimshouldbetoproducegoodandvirtuouscitizens.12.Goodpublishersfindandcultivatewriters,someofdonotinitiallyhavemuchcommercialpromise.13.Sincethelate1970s,dailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30percent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.14.Therehasbeennoshortageofcasesoverthepastdecadepeoplehesitatedtoofferassistancetothosewhoareinneed.15.HilaryClintonsaidIndianPrimeMinister,shemetearlierMonday,hadacceptedaninvitationfromPresidentObamatovisittheWhiteHouseNovember24.SectionB
15Directions:Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenword.1.FormostyoungerEuropean,thethreatofwarinwesternEuropenowseemsalmost(imagine)remote.2.Equaljustice,ProfessorSloantellsus,requiresequaltaxationpolicyandheseemstobeproposingakindof(consume)taxsothattherich,whoconsumemorewillhavetopaytheirfairshare.3.Ifyouweretosaytome,whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthing,howeveryoudefinething,thathaschangedthecharacteroflifeintheUnitedStatesinthetwentiethcentury,Iwouldsaythe(appear)offarmers.4.TheRomansmaintainedpeace,foronething,byleavinglocalpopulationsprettymuchalonewhenitcametolocalcustoms,religions,andliving(arrange).5.Thegoodnewsforthechildrenof(regularly)immigrantsisthatthelawisincreasinglyontheirside.6.StephenHawkingisaninternationally-recognizedtheoretical(physical),andistheLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.7.Thesestudentsareliving(prove)thatwiththerightskills,tools,andopportunities,innovationanddiscoverycanhappenatanyage.8.Branaghwontwoawardsforhisscreen(adapt)ofShakespeare'sHenrytheFifth.9.Gunusehasanadditionaltragicdimensionwhencomparedwithtobacco,namelythehighincidenceof(intend)deaths,particularlyamongtheyoung.10.It'sDarwinianscienceandit'sveryinterestingthatDarwin,asmuchasMarx,isallaboutstruggle;thestrugglefor(survive),thestrugglefordominance.SectionCDirections:TranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishbyusingthewordinthebracket.1.每当说到做家务琐事(come)2.为了炫耀或合群(purpose)3.改编自一部关于20世纪一十年代上流家庭生活的小说4.觉得很难找到藏身之处(cover)5.好几次导致死亡(occasion,bring)SectionDDirections:TranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglishusingthewordinthebracket.1.青少年有时拿不定主意一件事是否值得冒险。(mind,worth)
162.高糖、高脂、高盐的食物不利健康，你要改变饮食方式。(impact,way定语从句）3.对受害者家属来说，最重要的是警方是否有能力尽快找到事故的罪魁祸首。(matter,capable,blame)4.尽管他几度欲放弃这个非常具有挑战性的研究工作，但他还是发挥出自己的极限，做出了重大科学发现。(despite,push)答案KEYS(仅供参考）：第I卷1.ListeningComprehension1-5BCACD6-10BABAC11-15DDBBA16-20BBCDBII.GrammarandVocabulary21-25CBDDD26-30ACCBC31-35BACDA36-40JAHFE41-45KCIDG46-50BFGHJ51-55AICKDIII.ReadingComprehension56-60BACCA61-65DBADB66-70CDCBA71-74ADCB75-77DCB(A)78-81ABCD82-85CAAD第II卷SectionA(A)1.challenging2.replaces3.delivered4.being5.hasbeenused6.hadhardlyfinished7.witnessed8.toassemble9.willhavesuffered10.tolisten(B)11.ofwhich12.whom13.when14.where15.withwhom(此处填theone不得分）SectionB1.unimaginably2.consumption3.disappearance4.arrangements5.irregular6.physicist7.proof8.adaptation9.unintentional10.survivalSectionC
171.whenitcomestodoingdomesticchores2.forthepurposeofshowingofforfittingin3.beadaptedfromanovelaboutthelifeoftheupper-classfamilyinthe1910s4.findithardtofindaplacetotakecover5.bringaboutthedeathonseveraloccasionsSectionD1.Theteenagerscan'tmakeuptheirmindswhetherthethingiswortharisksometimes.2.Thefoodhighinsugar,fatandsalthasanegativeimpactonyourhealthandyoushouldchangethewayyoueat.3.Whatmattersmosttothefamilyofvictimsiswhetherthepolicearecapableoffindingoutwhoistoblamefortheaccidentassoonaspossible.4.Despitethefactthatthereweremanytimeswhenhewantedtogiveupthechallengingresearch,hestillpushedhimselftothelimitandmadeamajorscientificdiscovery.
