田静语法英语二

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田静23考研英语二语法笔记目录第一部分简单句................................................................................................................................................................1第一章简单句的核心...............................................................................................................................................1第一节简单句的核心构成..............................................................................................................................1第二节简单句的核心变化..............................................................................................................................4第二章简单句的扩展.............................................................................................................................................15第一节词性角度的扩展................................................................................................................................15第二节成分角度的扩展................................................................................................................................20第二部分长难句..............................................................................................................................................................25第一章并列句.........................................................................................................................................................25第一节并列句的构成....................................................................................................................................25第二节并列句的省略....................................................................................................................................27练习....................................................................................................................................................................27第二章复合句.........................................................................................................................................................28第一节名词性从句.........................................................................................................................................28第二节定语从句.............................................................................................................................................34第三节状语从句.............................................................................................................................................39第三章特殊句式.....................................................................................................................................................43第一节虚拟.....................................................................................................................................................43第二节倒装.....................................................................................................................................................44第三节强调.....................................................................................................................................................45第三部分长难句分析.....................................................................................................................................................47第一章基本结构的长难句分析............................................................................................................................47第晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta一节断开长难句.........................................................................................................................................47第二节简化长难句.........................................................................................................................................52第二章特殊结构的长难句分析............................................................................................................................54第一节分裂结构.............................................................................................................................................54第二节嵌套结构.............................................................................................................................................56第三节平行结构.............................................................................................................................................571

1第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成说清楚一件事n.+v.（名词+动词）主语+谓语（一）五种简单句1.主谓①Hecries.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②...about7millionpeoplearrived...（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③Waitinglistsincreaseallthetime...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）2.主谓宾晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta①Weneedprogressivepolicies…（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②Iunderstandthis.（2020，UseofEnglish）③Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）④...economicco-ordinatiocshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub...1

2（2011，ReadingComprehension，，PartAText4）3.主谓双宾①Itgavemethevalidationandconfidence......（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Lastmonth，HowardSchmidtofferedthefederalgovernmentaproposal...（2011，UseofEnglish）③Lastmonth，HowardSchmidtofferedaproposaltothefederalgovernment...4.主谓宾补①Furthermoretheselossesmakeusmature...（2015，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）5.主系表“然而这一理解是过时的。”Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（二）系动词1.be动词单独使用2.getbecometurngogrow“变得"3.looksoundsmelltastefeel感官动词“看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来”4.seemappear/keepremain似乎（表示一种不确定性）①Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.（2018，晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）④Itremainstheworld'slargesttradingblock.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）⑤Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.2

3（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（三）练习①...CamilleMcClain'skidshaveasingledemand：abackyard.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Ourproductssucceed...（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）④the"threatened"taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibility...（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）⑤thevoluntaryecosystem.wouldstillleavemuchoftheInternetvulnerable.（2011，UseofEnglish）【考场攻略】简单句的核心构成攻略1：简化句子-不及物动词despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）攻略2：找到分裂结构-及物动词Ifound，asHackerobservedyearsbefore，thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe...conversationalpartners...（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）攻略3：判断从句宾语从句-及物动词后表从句-系动词后晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta3

4第二节简单句的核心变化（一）谓语动词的时态主语+谓语v.（4种变化——时态、情态、语态、否定）（1）一般时态1.一般过去时谓语动词=did①TheoutbreakcametoglobalnoticeinlateApril2009...（2010，UseofEnglish）②Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.（2019，UseofEnglish）③Acenturyago，theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）2.一般现在时谓语动词=do/does①However，atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.（2013，UseofEnglish）②IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast，lunchanddinner.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Afterbills；Tonyhas&60aweektospend...（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）④Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledge...（2018，Translation）3.一般将来时谓语动词=①willdo②am/is/aregoingtodo①Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②peop晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantalewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.（2017，UseofEnglish）③WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）④…thefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）4

54.（一般）过去将来时谓语动词=woulddowas/weregoingtodo①（FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommission…）itwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）一般时态一般过去时did一般现在时do/does一般将来时willdoam/is/aregoingtodo（一般）过去将来时woulddowas/weregoingtodo（2）进行时态1.过去进行时谓语动词=was/weredoing①Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime，shesaid.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Withintwoweeks，hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup…（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）2.现在进行时谓语动词=am/is/aredoing①butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②Nowshortagesarcappearingatthemid-skilllevels.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.将来进行时谓语动词=willbedoing①Nati晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaveU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（3）完成时态1.过去完成时谓语动词=haddone……过去的之前①ByFebmaiythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）5

6②CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）③Manysaidthatunemployment...hadimprovedtheminsomeways...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）④Throughouttheevening，onemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative...（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）2.现在完成时谓语动词=have/hasdone①Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.（2017，UseofEnglish）②since2010，droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia...（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③This"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.（2012，Translation）补充：just/ever/never/also/nearly/longScientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicensetoprintmoney.（2020，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.（2004，UseofEnglish）区别：现在完成时vs一般过去时（1）宏观上：时间段不同。..theresponsehasbeenfavorable..现在完成时：从过去到现在；现在的之前..theresponsewasfavorable...一般过去时：只能表达过去，不能表达现在（2）微观上：做完和没都做完。（做完的可以换成过去，没做完的就不能换成过去。）1）现在全部完成，可以换成过去时Hehasleft，soIcannotfindhimnow.Helef晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantattwohoursago.2）现在部分完成，不能换成过去时WehavelearnedEnglishfor15years.WelearnedEnglishfor15years.3.将来完成时谓语动词=willhavedonewewillhavewastedthem.6

7（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（4）完成进行时态=完成+进行1.现在完成进行时谓语动词二have/hasbeendoing①Yes’newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever，andalwayswill.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）2.过去完成进行时：谓语动词=hadbeendoingTheworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）3.将来完成进行时：谓语动词=willhavebeendoing现在完成时vs现在完成进行时角度相同都表示“现在的之前”两种时态现在完成时：have/has+done现在完成进行时：have/hasbeen+doing强调不同强调结果（做完与否都可以）强调过程例句WehavenotwonthematchWehavebeenworkinghardforseveralmonths（5）练习：谓语动词的时态①Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（现在完成进行时）②Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.（2017，Translation）（现在完成时）③Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（一般过去时）④Noonetriesharderthanthejobless...（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta2，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（一般现在时）⑤youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess…（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（现在进行时）⑥Halfofthepenswoulddeliveranelectricshock...（2018，UseofEnglish）（过去将来时）（二）谓语动词的情态7

8主语+谓语V.（变化——时态、情态、语态、否定）情态=情态动词+动同原形情态动同的时态变化——有限Canyouhelpmenow?Couldyouhelpmenow?不表示过去，而是更客气、更委婉的表达语气。情态动词的人称变化——无情态动词变否定/疑问——直接加not或直接提前情态动词表示“情态”现在时过去时must无cancouldwillwouldshallshouldmaymight1.情态动词表示“情态”（1）must必须Tosomeextentthehousingsectormostshouldertheblame.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（2）can/could能够/可以①Theycanalsolearngeometiybyassemblingabicycle.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Inthepast，workerswithaverageskills...couldearnanaveragelifestyle.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（3）will/would将要/愿意①Will晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantayoumanyme?...somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.（2014，Translation）②Ineffect，theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden"incyberspace...（2011，UseofEnglish）（4）may/might可以/可能8

9①MayIhelpyou?②...guiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（5）should应该①Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）2.情态动词表示"推测"情态动词+do（①表“情态”②表“推测”）情态动词+bedoing推测现在正在进行情态祝司+havedone推测过去①...othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s...（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Jealousyandanger...mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce]...（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.练习：谓语动词的情态①...butIwouldn'tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions...（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②...wemustfaceuptothefact…（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta4，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）③...housingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）④...youshouldbelieveinyourself...（200ReadingComprehension，PartB）⑤Cargoaircraft’incontrast，mightbeeasiertoreschedule...（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）9

10（三）谓语动词的语态主语+谓语V.（变化——时态、情态、语态、否定）主动语态Ieatapples.被动语态Applesareeaten.被动的构成：be+done（①被动的动作②被动的时间③主语的单复数）“但是她的呼吁（过去）被认为是失败的。Butherappealwasconsideredafailure...（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）1.强调“被谁做”Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids...（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）2.被动语态与时态的结合Theoutbreakofswineflu...wasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11，2009.（2010，UseofEnglish）但是她的呼吁（过去）被认为是失败的。Butherappealwasconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁（现在）被认为是失败的。Butherappealisconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁将会（现在的将来）被认为是失败的。Butherappealwillbeconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁过去将会（过去的将来）被认为是失败的。Butherappealwouldbeconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁过去正在被认为是失败的。Butherappealwasbeingconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁现在正在被认为是失败的。Butherappealisbeingconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁其去已经（过去的之前）被认为是失败的。Butherappealhadbeenconsideredafailure.但是她的呼吁现在已经（现在的之前）被认为是失败的Butherappealhasbeenconsideredafailure.①...the晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantay'rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess...（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②...thetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）3.被动语态与情态的结合①Obesity...canbedividedintomoderatelyobese，severelyobese，andveiyseverelyobese.10

11（2014，UseofEnglish）②...sustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.（2010，Translation）4.练习：谓语动词的语态①Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③...allInternetusersshouldbeforcedtoregisterandidentifythemselves...（2011，UseofEnglish）④...butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareas...（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）⑤...techgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergy...（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（四）否定主语+谓语v.（变化——时态、情态、语态、否定）1.实义动词变否定do/does/did+not+动词原形①Afewdecadesago；manypeopledidn'tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Wedon'tneedmorecategories......（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③...agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）2.助动词晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta和情态动词变否定助动词和情态动词+not（be动词、情态动词、完成时态中的have等）①Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.（2014，UseofEnglish）②Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness......（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.11

12（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）小结：谓语动词的否定①实义动词变否定do/does/did+not+动词原形②助动词和情态动词变否定助动词和情态动词+not（be动词、情态动词、完成时态中的have等）考场攻略攻略1：定位谓语动词，确定长难句中包含了几件事Davidson'sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddleclassincomestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession，butitisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwhicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）六个谓语动词，也就是说6件事。攻略2：定位谓语动词，准确找到主语Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld......（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（五）主宾表主语（名词，非谓语动词doing、非谓语动帽todo，并列多个，从句）+谓语v.+宾语/表语名词、代词晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta（作主语/宾语）1.doing作主/宾/表（1）doing作主语①Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction...（2011，Translation）②...amplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren，smarketingstrategy...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）12

13③Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）④Andplacingtoomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（2）doing作宾语①Ilovecreating...（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage...（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Thisincludescreatinglnew'responsibilitydeal'withbusiness...（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）2.todo作主/宾/表（1）todo作主语①Tobeatplasticiseasy.②It'seasytobeatplastic.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）③…it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）句型：Itisadj.（forsb.）todosth.④Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality...（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）句型：Ittakes（sb.）sometimetodosth.（2）todo作宾语①Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives...（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Ame晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaricanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife...（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）③Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingobjectivityfromexternalsourcrs.（2025，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（3）todo作表语13

14①…theonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②Theideaistocreateafederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.（2011，UseofEnglish）3.并列多个主/宾/表语①However，Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencyclosely...（2011，Translation）②Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④...Americanbusinesses，communities，andconsumerswillbethelosers.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）⑤Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled，orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.（英语一，2001，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）4.练习：主宾表的变化①Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage...（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）④Forthesereasons’Istoppedweighingmyselfeveiyday...（2019，UseofEnglish）⑤Iwanttotalkwiththisperson...（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）⑤Theprocessiscumbersome；expensive，andunreliable.（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta9，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）考场攻略：主语、宾语、表语的变化攻略：找到主宾表Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）14

15第二章简单句的扩展第一节词性角度的扩展（一）限定词①America'sFederalTradeCommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②TheheightenedalertfollowedanemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGeneva...（2010，UseofEnglish）③Bythethirdgeneration，onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics；and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.（英语一，2006，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（二）形容词、副词1.形容词、副词作修饰成分Theangryboyshoutedangrily.生气的男孩生气地喊。2.形容词修饰名词①Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②renewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③Thereasonforthisissimple...（2016，Translation）④...spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable.（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta0，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）3.副词修饰动词、句子、形容情或其他的副词①Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②Unfortunately，peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.（2015，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Thetrendtoward"less"wasnotentirelyforeign.15

16（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）④...thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquickly...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）4.形容词、副词的三种比较级别（1）原级比较as+adj./adv.R（比较的内容）+as+比较的对象“和.....相比一样的....."①Butasrecentlyasin1968，juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors.（2016，Translation）（2）比较级adj./adv.的比较级+（than比较的对象）表示“（和……相比）更....."”通常用于两者之间的比较①Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore…（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②...machinescanperformmuchbetteratthanhumanbeings.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（3）最高级adj./adv.的最高级+（介词短语表示比较的范围）表示“……范围内最.通常用于三者或以上的比较。①…thebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②itrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.（2014，UseofEnglish）5.练习晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta①Happypeopleworkdifferently.（2016，UseofEnglish）②Conversely...itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Inourcontemporaryculture，theprospectofcommunicatingwith...astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.（2015，UseofEnglish）16

17④itislessimportantformetotrackmyweighteachweek.（2019，UseofEnglish）⑤…theconsumptionofunhealthyfoodshouldbeseentobejustasdamagingassmokingoeexcessivedrinking.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）⑥...thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（三）介词短语1.表示时间的介词介词表达含义at/on/in在……时间点/时间上/时间内before/after在……时间之前/之后From，since自从……时间by，until截止到（直到）……时间for持续……时间during在……期间①OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，atleasttemporarily.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Twoyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool，Itookasewinganddesigncourse...（2017，Translation）④...by2005some20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）⑤Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）⑥Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession...（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta2，ReadingComprehensionPartAText4）.2.表示地点或范围的介词①Ina2014study...Maltilookedat244children.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②...hiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichand17

18poorpeople...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④Andsohereads-everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.（2018，Translation）介词表达含义at/in在……地点/在……里面on，above，over/under，below，beneath在……上面/下面Infrontof/behind在……之前/之后near/by，beside，nextto在……附近/在……旁边（挨着）Between（两者之间），among（三者及以上）在……之间around在……周围into/outof进入……里面/从……里面走出去onto/off到……上面/脱离……across，through/past穿过……/经过……along沿着……from/to，towasds来自……/朝着……去beyond超出，超过……3.其他用法的介词介词表达含义of……的……（表示属性）about关于……with/without伴随着有……/没有……为了……（表示目的）for因为……（表示原因）对于……（表示对象）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta通过……方式或方法by被……做（被动语态+by+动作的发出者）相差了……（表示变化的差额）作为……as像……一样，如同……like像……一样despite，inspiteof尽管……18

19①heusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit...（2014，UseofEnglish）③It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry…（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）④Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）⑤...itwaspopularizedasamarketingtrick...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）⑥Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，bigquestionsremainunanswered.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）4.练习：词性角度的扩展-介词短语①SomewesternfarmershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③FederalhealthofficialsreleasedTamifluforchildrenfromthsnationalstockpile...（2010，UseofEnglish）④InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）⑤Butdespitecommonmisconceptions，agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits...（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）【考场功略】简化句子，晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta找核心theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.（2012，Translation）简化：...theyareconcerned.（2012，Translation）19

20第二节成分角度的扩展（一）非谓语动词作定语、状语什么是非谓语动词?什么时候用非谓语动词?非谓语动词有哪几种？doing/done/todo单独出现!非谓语动词的用途?①相当于名词，作主/宾/表语②修饰名词/句子，作定语/状语1.非谓语动词作定语①This（proposed）mandatewasbornoffrustration.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）→Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.②Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic（designated）bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.（2010，UseofEnglish）→ItisthefirstworldwideepidemicdesignatedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.③G.I.Joehadadistinguishedcareer（fight）German，Japanese，andKoreantroops.（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta2，UseofEnglish）→G.I.JoehadadistinguishedcareerfightingGerman，Japanese，andKoreantroops.④suchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves’especiallythecal（luse）someofthetoughtactics（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）→suchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves’especiallythecalltousesomeofthetoughtactics...20

212.非谓语动词作状语①（look）around，Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls"livesandinterests.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）→Lookingaround，Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls"livesandinterests.②（view）inthislight，guiltisanopportunity.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）→Viewedinthislight，guiltisanopportunity.③（avoid）thisuneasiness，weturntoourphones.（2015，UseofEnglish）→Toavoidthisuneasiness，weturntoourphones④Whenappliedtoaircraft，theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.练习①Iusemybimonthlyweigh-inresultstogetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.（2019，UseofEnglish）②Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise，bynearly2million…（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard，oradigitalcredentiallinkedtoaspecificcomputer（2011，UseofEnglish）④WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2，thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat…（2011，Translation）⑤Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly，then，Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld，packedwithpowerfulcomputers.（2011，Translation）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta21

22【考场攻略】非谓语动词作定语、状语攻略1：非谓语动词词组的完整性TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday，stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperiencerathenthanpublicglory.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）攻略2：准确找到非谓语动词所修饰的对象（一）非谓语动词的位置（二）与句子间是否有逗号隔开（三）代入法①Isawapassingplane.②Passingthecafe，Isawafriend.③Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartB）攻略3：非谓语动词的去留如果是相当于名词作主宾表——留如果是修饰句子或名词——先去掉，看懂核心再补上（二）同位语、插入语（1）同位语①ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie，an84-year-oldwidow，...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroups：healthcareworkers’peoplecaringforinfantsandhealthyyoungpeqple.（2010，UseofEnglish）专有名词vs.普通名词①Andit晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantagivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA），acoalitionofstateagencies，thejobofmonitoringprogress.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②...inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet，LehmanBrothers，filedforbankruptcy.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）标志性的标点①Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories：legalorillegal，goodorbad.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）22

23②Therefore，everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontribution…（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③…theeurozone'sdominantpowers，FranceandGermany，agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonisationwithintheeurozone...（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（2）插入语1.主谓结构作插入语①Elegance，hebelieved，didnotderivefromabundance.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Theanswer，saysDr.Kroo?lieswithbirds.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）2.副词作插入语①Someenvironmentalists’however，weredisappointed.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②Facebook，therefore，isaself-enhancer'sparadise...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）3.介词短语作插入语①Guilt，inotherwords，canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants’forexample?eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（3）练习：同位语、插入语①Jealousyandanger，forexample，mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta9，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Therewillalwaysbechange—newjobs，newproducts，newservices.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences，sayMs.DumnandMr.Norton，likeinterestingtrips’uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary，AndrewLansley23

24（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）【考场功略】如何利用简单句的核心和扩展攻克考研真题。Girlsplaygames.Girlsareplayinggames.Cutegirlsareplayinggameshappily.Thousandsofcutegirlsareplayinggamesveryhappily.Afterclassthousandsofcutegirlsareplayinggamesveryhappilyontheplayground...攻略：如何利用简单旬的核心和扩展攻克考研真题Atypicalwork，suchasSevenDays’consistsofasinglebeautifulblack-and-whitephotographtakenonanepicwalk，withthemileageandnumberofdaystakenlistedbeneath.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartB）→核心：Awork...consistsofa...photograph晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta24

25第二部分长难句Conj.连词长难句：句子和句子，事和事之间的连词怎么加第一章并列句第一节并列句的构成（1）表示顺接的并列连词表示顺接的并列连词含义……and……“……和……”both……and（两者都）notonly……but……aswell“不但……而且……”notonly……butalso……（意思同“……和……”）notonly……butThatboywasBillGates’andhehasn'tstoppedreadingye...（2018，Translation）（2）表示晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta转折的并列连词表示转折的并列连词含义……but……“……但是……”……yet……①Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness，butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）25

26②...adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour，yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls'lives.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（3）表示选择的并列连词表示选择的并列连词含义……or……“……或者……”either……or……（二选一）neither……nor……“既不……也不……”（两个都不选）①Ineffect，theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkers.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments，oritsimplydidn'tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（4）表示因果的并列连词表示因果的并列连词含义……for……“……因为……”……so……“……所以……”Strangersareinherentlyunfamiliartous，sowearemorelikelytofeelanxious...（2015，UseofEnglish）（5）补充1.多个并列连词相同Thenhismarriagefailed，hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserous（2013，R晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaeadingComprehension，PartB）2.多个并列连词不同Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes’butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）26

27第二节并列句的省略①Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.（2010.Translation）②Heticksastronautbutquicklyaddsscientisttothelistandselectsitaswell.（2018，Translation）③Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins，andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④EvenAmericannewspapers，havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）⑤Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling"tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）练习①Likethemajorityofauthors，hehadtosuffermanydisappointmentsandrejectionsalongtheway，butthesemadehimallthemoredeterminedtosucceed（2019，Translation）②thekeyistodeterminsyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）③Ican'taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown，soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）④Thegreatrecessionmaybeover，butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）⑤IntheU.S；ithasinfectedmorethanonemillionpeople，andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6，000hospitalizations.（2020，晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaUseofEnglish）【考场功略】并列句找相同，还原省略①WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking，or（we）brandthemasalienstobekickedout.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatand（hes）fieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）27

28第二章复合句第一节名词性从句（一）宾语从句1.宾语从句的含义2.宾语从句写法（1）陈述句变宾语从句①Dr.Wormacknowledges（thatthesefiguresareconservative.）（英语一，2006，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（that不做成分，可以省略）②Desombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（2）特殊疑问句变宾语从句Wesuddenlycan'tremember（whereweputthekeysjustamomentago）...（英语一，2014，UseofEnglish）（3）一般疑问句变宾语从句①Idon晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta’tknow（if/whetherotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme，too）…（英语一，2004，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（4）宾语从句的写法总结①Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.②Wesuddenlycan'trememberwhereweputthekeysjustamomentago，...28

29③Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme，too，3.宾语从句的位置（1）最常见的3种位置①...recently，herevealedthathereedsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.（2018，Translation）动单宾②Thesurvey-askspeople迁theyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.（2015，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）动双宾③...beinghuman，you'Ilsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）介宾④I'mprettyconfidentwe'reatthebottom.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）形容词+宾语从句（2）非谓语动词+从句MichelleO晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantabamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaignagainstchildhoodobesity，evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.（2024，UseofEnglish）（3）多个宾语从句Ihadnotrealizedhowprofbundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids，includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.29

30（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（4）宾语从句后置，it形式宾语Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourtsdecisionswillbeacceptedasimpartialjudgments（英语一，2012.UseofEnglish）——宾培从句后置，it形式宾语（不重要）（二）表语从句1.表语从句的含义Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonis（thattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged）（2014，ReadingComprehension.PartAText4）2.表语从句的写法田静老师说表语从句的写法同宾语从句①根据意思写出陈述句②加连接词（that不要省略）①eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromothsragenciesuregoingintoconstructioninfirepronedistricts.（2027，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）3.表语从句的位置ForWilliams，theseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls，electronicheroin.M（2006，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（三）主语晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta从句1.主语从句的含义30

312.主语从句的写法同宾语从句（that不能省略，“是否”只能用whether）①WhatWhatsappofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusersfriendshipsandsociallives.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3②Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatis&air-traffic-controlrequlationsisanothermatter...（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.主语从句的位置①WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesn'tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforwerd-thinkingandcreativeandleantowardsR&Dmorethantheaverage，...（2016，UseofEnglish）4.主语从句的句型模板Itisdone+主语从句（表达人们对一事的观点看法）TenyearsagoonMonday，itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）Itis+aq./n.+主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）①Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.（2015，晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Second，i，issurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere.（英语一，2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（四）同位语从句1.同位语从句的含义31

322.同位语从句的写法①theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）3.同位语从句的位置抽象名词后fact，point，belief，faith，claim，report，worry，advantage，evidence，Indication，implication，insight，probability，requirement......Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodoself-destructivethingsisprofoundone.（2018，UseofEnglish）（五）练习①ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotraintoreachmygoals.（2019，UseofEnglish）②...it’scl晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseemsufficient.（2016.ReadingComprehension.PartAText3）④BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethat[wouldstudyjournalism，...（2017，Translation）⑤Thereareworriesthatgovernment，employers，andmarketersmightbeibletoaccessthesedata，therebyencroachingonourprivacy.（2013，UseofEnglish）32

33【考场功略】攻略1：找到从句①Perhapsthisiswhymanyworryabouttheagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.（2017，UseofEnglish）②Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodoself-destructivethingsisaprofoundone.（2018，UseofEnglish）攻略2：判断从句①Perhapsthisiswhymanywonyabouttheagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.（2017，UseofEnglish）②Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodoself-destructivethingsisaprofoundone.（2018，LseofEnglish）【小结】晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta33

34第二节定语从句（一）定语从句的概述Lawisadisciplinewhich（定语从句）encouragesresponsiblejudgment.田静老师说英语中定语从句放在所修饰的名词后（先行词后）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词定语从句前的连接词叫关系词Lawisadiscipline.Adisciplineencouragesresponsiblejudgment.替换Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.【补充】定语从句关系词的作用1.引导从句2.替代从句中跟先行词一样的成分（二）定语从句的写法根据意思先写一个陈述句，再选关系词【补充】定语从句关系词的选择：看先行词先行词关系词事/物which/that人who/whom/that人/物（表示人或物的所有关系，“某whose人的/某物的”）时间when地点where原因晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantawhy1.先行词是事/物，关系词选择which/that①ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmontDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedsessiontocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）34

352.先行词是人，关系词选择who/whom/that①normal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoyerweight.（2014，UseofEnglish）②youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.先行词是人/物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词选择whose①Userscouldselectwhichsystemtojoin，andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.（2011，UseofEnglish）②Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference，atsomebasiclevel，seemstobethenaturalworld.（英语一，2013，Translation）4.先行词是时间，关系词选择whenItisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.（英语一，2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）5.先行词是地点，关系词选择whereHeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization，butpractical.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）6.先行词是原因，关系词选择whyBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereasonwhythesejobsaresovulnerabletoechnologyinthefirstplace.（20晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta24，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）关于定语从句关系词的注意事项：1.定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分，包括that。2.whom指人，只能作宾语时使用。4.关系词在定语从句中作宾语（动宾或介宾）时，都可以省略。Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?（2009，UseofEnglish）35

36【补充】特殊的关系词whereby=bywhichweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccuratedepictionofthehardworkandprogresswasmakinginthegym.（2019，UseofEnglish）（三）定语从句的分类例：HewillcallhisfriendwhoisworkinginLondon.（限定性定语从句）Hewillcallhismother，whoisworkinginLondon.（非限定性定语从句）①SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s，whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingscheme.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Thenewvaccine，whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine，isavailableaheadofexpectations.（2010，UseofEnglish）（四）定语从句的补充限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句逗号无逗号有逗号先行词范围不明确范围明确作用晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta修饰限定先行词，不能省略，影响表意补充说明先行词，可以省略，不影响表意翻译往前翻译不用往前翻译（译到先行词前面。“……的名词”）关系词①关系词可以用that①关系词不能用that②作宾语可以省略②不可以省略③指人作宾语，用whom/who/that都行③指人作宾语，只能用whom36

371.限定性定语从句与同位语从句的区别n.+从句同位语从句限定性定语从句解释说明n.修饰限定n.抽象n.后任意n.后（抽象或不抽象的n.后都行）区别1：从句前若为不抽象的n.，则可判断是定语从句n.+that从句（that不做从句中的成分）区别2：n.+that从句（that作从句的成分）同位语从句中连接词都不能省略区别3：n.+省略关系词的从句①Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway，waitingforconfidencetoreturn.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Second，papercheckshavetheadvantagethattheyprovidereceipts，somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingtogiveup.（2013，UseofEnglish）③Fearisnotreal.④Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.（2015，ReadingComprehension，PartB）2.特殊的非限定性定语从句（修饰整句话）①sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned，whichusesevenmoreenergy.（2011，Translation）②...ittakesseveraldaysbeforeacheckiscashedandfundsarewithdrawnfromtheissuer'saccount，whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.（2013，UseofEnglish）特殊的非限定性定语从句AsKoziatekknows，thereislearninginjustabouteverything.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）3.介词提前的定语从句：介词+whom/which①wewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietywhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronicallyin.（201晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta3，UseofEnglish）②wewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronicallyin.（2013，UseofEnglish）③economicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub，amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketlibiralismandeconomicrigour.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）37

38（五）练习①Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt...（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudontneedtohavemuchskill.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Sureenough，firms"investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywereheadquartered.（2016，UseofEnglish）④realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen...（2014，Translation）⑤TheoutbreakcametoglobalnoticeinlateApril2009，whenMexicanauthoritiesnotedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeathsamonghealthyadults.（2010，UseofEnglish）【考场功略】攻略1：不纠结于从句的种类攻略2：非限定性定语从句可以省略不看攻略3：找到定语从句的先行词...thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.（2005，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta38

39第三节状语从句（一）状语从句的概述1.定语从句的含义2.状语从句的写法WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure，itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.（2001，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）3.状语从句的位置①IntheUnitedStates’newcasesseemedtofadeaswarmerweatherarrived（.2010，UseofEnglish）②Aswarmerweatherarrived，intheUnitedStates；newcasesseemedtofade③IntheUnitedStates’newcases，aswarmerweatherarrived，seemedtofade（二）状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句when/while/as、before/after、since/untikassoonasbythetime、eachtime/everytime、thenexttime①Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalizedmedicine，thecourtswillremainratherbusy.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Evendailyfarms’whererobotsdoasmallshareofmilking，havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautoma晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantated.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）③ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily-friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions...39

40（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）⑤FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities’butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）2.地点状语从句where（不重要）ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid："Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsocietyworkstogethertogethenlthyandlivelonger.”（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.原因状语从句because、sinceas、nowthat①I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals’becauseI’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals，notthenumbersonascale.（2029，UseofEnglish）②Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal，itislessimportantformetotrackmyweighteachweek.（2019，UseofEnglish）③Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged，controversieshaveerupted...（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）4.结果状语从句So（adj./adv.）such（n./名同词组）...that…、sothat...①Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.（2018，Translation）②Indeed，homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan'tpossiblycope.（英语一，2006，UseofEnglish）③Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptocconfusingshifts.晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta（英语一，2008，ReadingComprehension，PartB）5.目的状语从句sothat......inorderthat...Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime，makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）40

416.条件状语从句if、unless、onceoaslongas/solongas①Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoing，we'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②onceyougetthatfirstwordouteveiythingelsewilljustflow.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Ifyou'reaphysician，youcanriskyourpatientssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide.（英语一，2002，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）7.让步状语从句although/thoughtevenif/eventhoughtwhile、however/nomatterhow①Forexample，manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayersqualifyasobese，thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.（2014，UseofEnglish）②Althoughsadnessalsoprecedestears，evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowfrommuscularresponses.（2011，UseofEnglish）③Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship，evenifbothsidesbenefit.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）8.比较状语从句than、as①teachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough，hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.（2018，Translation）9.方式状语从句asasif晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta①Menmaketheirownhistory，buttheydonotmakeitjustnstheyplease，...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Onareallygoodday，itnolongerfeelsasifyouT。makingtimetoread，butjustreading，andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）41

42（三）练习①thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanithelps.（2019，UseofEnglish）②AndIfeltlikethatagain，whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Conversely，ifhomeworkmatters’itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）④Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）【考场功略】攻略1：完形填空中，选择从属连词I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoalsI'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals，sotthenumbersonascale.（2019，UseofEnglish）攻略2：根据从属连词，判断上下文①Butifyourworkisyour"passion，"you"Ibemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeans晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantagoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.（2015，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute，becausewedonthavetoconcentratemuch，timeseemstoflowmorequickly.（2015，Translation）42

43第三章特殊句式第一节虚拟（一）虚拟的概述1.什么是虚拟？虚拟=“非真实”①是跟真实的情况比较，发现与真实情况不符②是跟假设的情况比较，发现即使假设，也不太可能成真2.如何表达虚拟？改变时态3.虚拟用在哪里？主要掌握if条件的虚拟和名词性从句的虚拟（二）if虚拟条件句时间范围if从句主句假设过去havedonewould+havedone假设现在did（where）could+do假设将来did（where）should+doweretodomightShoulddo1.假设过去Ifhehadplayedlastseason，however，hewouldhavebeenoneof42.（英语一，2008，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）2.假设现晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta在"Ifwewerereallybold，wemightbegintothinkofhigh-caloriefastfoodinthesamewayascigarettes-bysettingstrictlimitsonadvertisingsproductplacementandsponsorshipofsportevents"hesaid.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）3.假设将来DrKrooandhisteammodelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLos43

44Angeles’SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretoassembleoverUtah.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（三）名词性从句的虚拟①Thisyear，itwasproposedthatthesystembechanged：...（英语一，2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorvLouisiana，theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）第二节倒装（一）全部倒装①Ofevengreaterconcernisthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine（2014，UseofEnglish）②AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.（英语一，2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）1.Therebe句型Therebe+n.（客观存在）Thereisagirl..2.Therebe型：Therebe+n.+介词短语①Thereisabookonthetable.②therewassignificantfluactivityinalmosteveiystate.（2010，UseofEnglish）③Therewillalwaysbechange-newjobs，newproducts’newservices.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③butt晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaherehavebeencontroversialviewsaboutitseconomic，political，socialandculturalImplications（英语一，2002，UseofEnglish）④Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase...（英语一，2004，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（二）部分倒装1.否定副词或词组位于句首44

45①ithasneverservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsbefore.../→...neverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations→...andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.（英语一，2005，ReadingComprehension，PartG）②Theydevelopednotonlysuchadevice...→Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevice...→Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystem.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）2.only位于句首①Theyhavecometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbononlyrecently.→Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②TheywillbeusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein'sout-of-controlmonsteronlythen.→OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein'sout-of-controlmonster.（英语一，2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）3.虚拟条件句省略if①ifEntergyhadkeptitsword，thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.→ButhadEntergykeptitsword，thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②...，youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearifyouweretoswitchtothenursingschool→...youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschool③AtBostonCollege，forexample，youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）第三节强晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta调（一）强调句的构成Itis+强调的部分+that+句子余下的部分...themassesbeneaththemareleftbehind.→…itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）45

46（二）强调句的变化Itis/wasthat/who...（只有修饰人才能用who）①itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuiyduty.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becameacommonshopperstermthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）判断：是不是强调句？1.还原法：去掉“Itis/was...that/who”后，剩下的部分是一个成分完整的句子，那么这个句子是强调句。2.反证法：如果Itis/was...that/wh。的中间部分有形容词或者动词，就不是强调句。①Itismen，notwomen，whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork（200ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（三）特殊句式-练习①First，mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3②thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartB）③Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolutionspeededup（2002，UseofEnglish）④However，onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.（2013，ReadingComprehension，PartC）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta46

47第三部分长难句分析第一章基本结构的长难句分析第一节断开长难句（一）标点①...thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat，sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned，whichusesevenmoreenergy.（2011，Translation）②Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）③Moreover，averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail；wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften；andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustiyareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.（英语一2010，ReadingComprehension，PartB）→（1）Moreover，averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail；（2）wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften；（3）andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.（二）连接词1.并列连晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta词：andbutor...2.从属连词：becauseifwhilealthoughas...3.关系词：thathowwh-从句开始于连接词，结束于三种位置从句结束于标点。从句结束于下一个连接词前从句结束于第二个谓语动词前47

48①Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome，anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）②Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege，whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim，whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicisdon'tpayforthem.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）→（1）Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumers（2）andthisisnotobvious（3）whentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem④Mcclain'slittleonesaren’ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing，andmanycasesyoungsters’viewsweighheavilyonparentsrealestatedecisions.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）→（1）Mcclain'slittleonesaren，ttheonlykids（2）whohaveanopinion（3）whenitcomestohousing（4）andmanycasesyoungsters'viewsweighheavilyonparentsrealestatedecisions⑤TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveuncocditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.（英语一，2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）→（1）TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolonger（2）th晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpayments（3）ifthedisasterhappens.⑥Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway，waitingforconfidencetoreturn.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）→（1）Butanyone...iskeepingaway，waitingforconfidencetoreturn48

49（2）whodoesnothavetosell⑦Second，themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyarcdoing.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）→（1）Second，themajorityofpeople（2）whousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceof（3）whattheyaredoing⑧Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer，thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.（英语一，2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）→（1）Ifthebarexamistrulyastemenoughtestforawould-belawyer，（2）thosewhocansititearlier（3）shouldbeallowedtodoso⑨Ononehand，thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmericasevolution.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）【练习】标点/连接词①Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified；anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.（2018，UseofEnglish）→（1）Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified；（2）anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified]②Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract，lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictcdrugsefficacy.（2012，ReadingComprehension；PartAText3）→（1）Firmsarenowstudying...，lookingforcorrelations...（2）ho晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantawgenesinteract，（3）thatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpridictadrugsefficacy③Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）→（1）Almosteveryone（2）whowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaid49

50（3）thatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.④Thehardesttaskthattelevisionssksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）→（1）Thehardesttask-istoturnthepoweroff...（2）thattelevisionasksofanyone（3）fterhehasturnediton.⑤Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.（2006；ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）→（1）Thenotionis（2）thatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechanges（3）whichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.（三）分析主谓1.主谓主谓——如果是主谓+主谓结构，后面的主谓就是从句。2.主主谓谓——如果是主+主谓+谓结构，中间的主谓就是从句。①Indiahasjustannounceditwill”eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.”（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（主主谓谓）②SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（主谓主谓）③Everythingheachievedinlifewasearnedthehardway...（2019，Translation）（主主谓谓）④Theproductthey'resellingisdata，andwe...convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgian晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantats.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）（主主谓谓）【练习】分析主谓①That'snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（主谓主谓）②Idonthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（主谓主谓）50

51③Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldecreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.（英语一，2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（主主谓谓）④Theclimatechangeweerehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）（主主谓谓）【考场功略】攻略1：先找从句，但先看主句攻略2：不要纠结从句whenwecometothinkbackonit，wecan'trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn'tpaymuchattentiontoit.（2015，Translation）攻略3：并列句的独立与合并①Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards’youIfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.（2018，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome，anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.（2020，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）攻略4：分析句子，只看谓语动词①Strangersareinherentlyunfamiliartous，sowearemorelikelytofeelanxiouswhencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.（2015，UseofEnglish）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta51

52第二节简化长难句核心：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语非核心：形容伺、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、同位语、插入语等①Also，someresearchsuggeststhattheexplanationforrisingratesofmortality，mentalhealthproblems’andaddictionamongpoorly-educated，middle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paid.（2017，UseofEnglish）→核心：...someresearchsuggeststhattheexplanation...isshortage...②Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration，theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinhedevelopedworld.（2012，Translation）→核心：..Whenpeople...worry...theyare...concerned③Astringofaccidents，includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowecin2007andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage，raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee'ssafetyandEntergy'smanagement—especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）→核心：Astringofaccidents...raised...questions...—晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaespeciallyafterthecompanymade...statement【练习】简化长难句①Fromthebeginningofourhistory，saysHofstadter，ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.（英语一，2004，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）52

53→核心：urgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism②ThecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemaledominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.（英语一，2000，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）→核心：Thecoming...andanentry...havelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoare...questioning...sacrifices...③Fromcareertocommunityandfamily，thesecontrastssuggestthatmtheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession，thosejuststartingoutinlifeacedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife，fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）→核心：...thesecontrastssuggestThat...those...aredefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspread【考场功略】攻略：“两步分析法”解决一切基本结构的长难句——断开、简化Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker，morevisible，andmuchmoredamagingways.（英语一，2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）→断开Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthat（从句1）havealsoincreasedtheriskthat（从句2）1.thathave晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoices2.thatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker，morevisible，endmuchmoredamagingways→简化...changesthat（从句1）have...increasedtheriskthat（从句2）.1.thathaveprovidedmarketers...2.that...consumerswillvoicetheiropinions.53

54第二章特殊结构的长难句分析第一节分裂结构（一）插入式的分裂结构①WorkbyTinaMalti，apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto，suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）→WorkbyTinaMalti.suggeststhatquiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency②Theaveragesupermarket，accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute，carriessome44，000differentitems’andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore.（2016，Translation）→Theaveragesupermarket...carriessome44，000differentitems’andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore③Universalhistory，thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld，isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere...（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）④Thenewvaccinewhichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccineisavailableaheadofexpectations.（2010，UseofEnglish）→Thenewvaccine…savailableaheadofexpectations.⑤Ifound，asHackerobservedyearsbefore，thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobeconversationalpartners’butfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）→Ifound...thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe.conversationalpartners’butfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives⑥Yetth晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantaesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand，ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity，theyareentitledtocontinuance.（英语一，2010，Translation）→Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityandtheyareentitledtocontinuanceifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity，54

55（二）从句后移式的分裂结构①Certainly，nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheiroweorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipmentshouldbeassigned.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②ButastheNuclearRegulatoiyCommission（NRC）reviewsthecompany’sapplication，itshouldkeepinmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）→ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC）reviewsthecompany'sapplication，itshouldkeepwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworthinmind.（三）练习①Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-maybasetheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTVshows...（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②TheOlympicbidders’bycontrast，wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities’andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students（whocompletedtheproject）atanunnamedprivateuniversity.（2015，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）④Concernswereraisedthatwitnessesmightbeencourngsdtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoensureguiltyverdicts.（英语一，2001，ClozeTest）⑤GeorgeAnnas，chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity，maintainsthat，aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose，thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.（英语一晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta，2002，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）考场攻略攻略：如何解决分裂结构1.同位语、插入语的插入（直接去掉）2.状语从句的插入（挪到句子的最前面或者最后面，不影响连贯性就行）3.从句后移（还原）55

56第二节嵌套结构①Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks.（2018，Translation）②Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.（2Q15，Translation）③Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion...（2014，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）【练习】①Andnewresearchsuggestthathappinessmi，htinfluencehowfirmswork，too.（2016，UseofEnglish）②Inafinalexperiment，participantswhowereencouragedtopredicthowtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage.（2018，UseofEnglish）③Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.（英语一，2006，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）——原因状语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句考场攻略攻略：如何理清嵌套结构1.同位语、插入语的插入（直接去掉）2.状语从句的插入（挪到句子的最前面或者最后面，不影响连贯性就行）3.从句后移（还原）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta56

57第三节平行结构（一）名词（词组）的平行并列①TheEnglish，theGermans，theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.（英语一，2001，ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）②Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice，thefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction，meansofdistribution，siteofreception，andplaceofpraiseandcritique.（英语一，2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（二）动词（谓语动词、非谓语动词）的平行并列①Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling，wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies，increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins，improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeverhaveagreaterchancnoffightingoffinfection.（2016，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②TheOlympicbidderswantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.（2017，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）③Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces’squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.（2027，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（三）介词短语的平行并列①Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.（英语晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta一，2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge，butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.（英语一，2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）（四）句子的平行并列①Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcan57

58serve.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）②ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues，includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries；thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity；thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuiyonaccountofrace，religion，sex’ornationalorigin；thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers；andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.（2010，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）（史上最难）（五）多个平行并列Forthetime，attention，andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic，classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses，dancetroupes，theatercompanies，andmuseums，butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（六）无并列连词的平行结构①Today，wewantempathy，notinspiration.（2012，ReadingComprehension，PartB）②In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation：in1999.13.6percent.（2006，ReadingComprehension，PartAText1）（七）练习①Productionofcorn，cotton，rice，soybeans，andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized，butmanyhigh-value，labor-intensivecrops，suchasstrawberries，needlabor.（2019，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）②Acrossgenerationallines；Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuc晓晓学姐VX：kaoyantacessfullife；includinggettingmarried，havingchildren，owningahome，andretiringintheirsixties.（2026，ReadingComprehension，PartAText4）③Ifchildrenaretaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth，andthatsomethingscacharm，atleastinformationisavailableupfront.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartB）④Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyorseekextrafundsinthefbrmofloans.（英语一，2000UseofEnglish）⑤Asaresult，themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.58

59（英语一，2002?ReadingComprehension，PartAText2）【考场功略】攻略：如何找到平行结构WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth，withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions，goingofftocollegeontheGl.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.（2011，ReadingComprehension，PartAText3）晓晓学姐VX：kaoyanta59