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1、IntestineDiseasesReviewofAnatomyandPhysiologyI.SmallIntestineMacroscopicanatomyTreitzileocecalvalve.2/5jejunum,3/5ileumMesentery:fat,bloodvessels,lymphatics,andnerves.superiormesenteryarteryandveinMicroscopicanatomy4layers:mucosa,submucosa,muscularis,andserosa.Physiologyofthe
2、smallintestine1.Digestiondigestsandabsorbsnutrientsfromingestedfood.2.SecretionAlkalinemucusandsomegastroenteralhormones3.MotilityThemovementiscomposedofsegmentalcontractionandperistalsis(short,weak,propulsive)II.LargeIntestineMacroscopicanatomy1.5mlong,endofileumrectum..Righ
3、tcolon:cecum,ascendingcolon,hepaticflexure,andproximaltransversecolonLeftcolon:thedistaltransversecolon,splenicflexure,descendingcolon,andsigmoidcolon.Bloodsupply:Superiormesenteryarterytherightcolon.Inferiormesenteryarterytheleftcolon.Microscopicanatomy4layers:mucosa,submuco
4、sa,muscularis,andserosa.Physiologyoflargeintestine1.Digestionelectrolytesandwaterfromtheilealfluid2.SecretionAlkalinemucusandsomegastroenteralhormones3.MotilityRetrogradeperistalsis(dominatesintherightcolon)Segmentalcontraction(inthetransverseanddescendingcolon)Massmovement(a
5、strongringcontractionoverlongdistanceinthetransverseanddescendingcolon)MajorContentsInflammatoryboweldiseases[IBD]IntestineObstructionVascularlesionsofmesenteryShortbowelsyndromePolypsTumorCongenitaldiseasesInflammatoryboweldiseases[IBD]1)intestinetuberculosis2)typhoidperfora
6、tion3)amoebicperforation4)nonspecificinflammatorydiseases(Crohn’sDiseases,ulcerativecolitis)Surgicalinterventionperforation,obstruction,orhemorrhage(bleeding)Vascularlesionsofmesentery (vascularocclusionorischemia)MesentricarterialembolismorthrombosiscardiacdiseasesMesenteric
7、venousthrombosisHepaticcirrhosisandhaemaldiseasesCharacter---symptomsevere,signlightDiagnosis---angiographyTreatment---operationShortbowelsyndromeEtiologyintestineresectionnotlongenough(＜100cm)digestiveandabsorptiondisfunctionTreatment1)nutritionsupport(TPN)1~2yearhalfcompens
8、ationrecover2)intestinetransplantationimmunerejectionproblemPolypsan
