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1、IntestineDiseasesReviewofAnatomyandPhysiologyI.SmallIntestineMacroscopicanatomyTreitzileocecalvalve.2/5jejunum,3/5ileumMesentery:fat,bloodvessels,lymphatics,andnerves.superiormesenteryarteryandveinMicroscopicanatomy4layers:mucosa,submucosa,muscularis,andse
2、rosa.Physiologyofthesmallintestine1.Digestiondigestsandabsorbsnutrientsfromingestedfood.2.SecretionAlkalinemucusandsomegastroenteralhormones3.MotilityThemovementiscomposedofsegmentalcontractionandperistalsis(short,weak,propulsive)II.LargeIntestineMacroscop
3、icanatomy1.5mlong,endofileumrectum..Rightcolon:cecum,ascendingcolon,hepaticflexure,andproximaltransversecolonLeftcolon:thedistaltransversecolon,splenicflexure,descendingcolon,andsigmoidcolon.Bloodsupply:Superiormesenteryarterytherightcolon.Inferiormesenter
4、yarterytheleftcolon.Microscopicanatomy4layers:mucosa,submucosa,muscularis,andserosa.Physiologyoflargeintestine1.Digestionelectrolytesandwaterfromtheilealfluid2.SecretionAlkalinemucusandsomegastroenteralhormones3.MotilityRetrogradeperistalsis(dominatesinthe
5、rightcolon)Segmentalcontraction(inthetransverseanddescendingcolon)Massmovement(astrongringcontractionoverlongdistanceinthetransverseanddescendingcolon)MajorContentsInflammatoryboweldiseases[IBD]IntestineObstructionVascularlesionsofmesenteryShortbowelsyndro
6、mePolypsTumorCongenitaldiseasesInflammatoryboweldiseases[IBD]1)intestinetuberculosis2)typhoidperforation3)amoebicperforation4)nonspecificinflammatorydiseases(Crohn’sDiseases,ulcerativecolitis)Surgicalinterventionperforation,obstruction,orhemorrhage(bleedin
7、g)Vascularlesionsofmesentery (vascularocclusionorischemia)MesentricarterialembolismorthrombosiscardiacdiseasesMesentericvenousthrombosisHepaticcirrhosisandhaemaldiseasesCharacter---symptomsevere,signlightDiagnosis---angiographyTreatment---operationShortbow
8、elsyndromeEtiologyintestineresectionnotlongenough(＜100cm)digestiveandabsorptiondisfunctionTreatment1)nutritionsupport(TPN)1~2yearhalfcompensationrecover2)intestinetransplantationimmunerejectionproblemPolypsan
