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1、Proverbs,IdiomsandSayingsDefinitionofProverbSayingsomethingwilloften,orevennormally,producecertainconsequentialeffectsuponthefeelings,thoughts,oractionsoftheaudience,orofthespeaker,orofotherpurposeofproducingthem…Weshallcalltheperformanceofanactofthiskindth
2、eperformanceofaperlocutionaryact.ProverbsandcultureInorderthatEnglishproverbsmaybeutilizedinanappropriatefashionbyChinesespeakersofEnglishitisimportantthatthenon-nativespeakerunderstandtheculturalfoundationbehindthephonological,lexical,andsyntacticstructure
3、ofsuchutterances.DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbs(指令性的和非指令性的谚语)DirectiveactisdescribedbyBachandHarnishas“theactthatexpressthespeaker’sattitudetowardsomeprospectiveactionbythehearerandhisintentionthathisutterance,ortheattitudeitexpress,betakenasareasonforth
4、ehearer’saction.”DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbsNon-directive:theactthatexpressthespeaker’sbeliefandhisintentionordesirethatthehearerhaveorformalikebelief.Non-directivescanbefurtherclassifiedintothreecategoriesbasedoncontentorsyntacticform:MoralAphorisms,
5、Homilies,andAphoristicSentences.(非指令性的谚语可以分为有道德寓意的警句、基于常识的格言以及句子结构不完整的警句式的句子)ThemainfeaturesofChineseproverbs1.theimmensenumber:foralmostallconceivablesituations2.thedistinctiveChinesequality3.thenumberreflectingsocialinequalitiesandthefeelingsofthosedepriv
6、edandoppressed.4.theinfluenceofBuddhismonChinesecustomsandthinking5.focusonsocialharmony,orbrotherhood.中英文谚语相似的指令性谚语1.三思而后行Lookbeforeyouleap---WhiletheEnglishproverbisorientedtowardphysicalaction,“leap”and“look”,constitutingthree-dimensionalimagery,theChine
7、sesayingismathematicallylinear:“thrice”andnon-physical:“think”,amorestaticimagery.2.教不严师之惰（玉不琢不成器）SparetherodandspoilthechildTheoldestversionofthisproverbisintheOldTestamentoftheBible(Proverbs23:34):“Hethatsparethhisrodhatethhisson;buthethatlovethhimchasten
8、thhimbetimes.”SamuelButlerwrotethefollowingcouplet:“Loveisaboybypoetsstyled;/Thensparetherod,andspoilthechild.”3.夜长梦多Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.4.孤注一掷Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket5.打草惊
