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1、CHAPTER13CrouchingTable,HiddenNetworkBobbyNorton“Youwereenlightened?”“No.Ididn’tfeeltheblissofenlightenment.Instead…Iwassurroundedbyanendlesssorrow.”—YuShuLiendescribingtheeffectsofbaddata(…orsomethingsimilar…)toLiMuBaiinCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonDataisgoodtotheextentthatitcanbequickl
2、yanalyzedtorevealvaluableinformation.Withgooddata,we’reabletolearnsomethingabouttheworld,toincreaserevenue,toreducecost,ortoreducerisk.Whendataislockedupinthewrongrepresentation,however,thevalueitholdscanbehiddenawaybyaccidentalcomplexity.Let’sstartourjourneyinthecontextofaseeminglysim
3、pleproblemfacedbymanyIT-intensiveenterprises:keepingtrackofwhoispayingforcostsincurredbythebusiness.Tonamebutafewtypesofcosts,considerservers,softwarelicenses,supportcontracts,rentinthedatacenter,AmazonEC2costs,thecostofteamsbuildingsoftwareandprovidingsupport;thelistgoeson.Asabusiness
4、growsandthecostsassociatedtorunthebusinessincrease,soonerorlater,someonewillask,“Whatarewepayingfor?”Fromabusinessownerorexecutiveperspective,noteverydepartmentwithinabusinessusessharedassetstothesamedegree.Assuch,itdoesn’tmakesensetoevenlysplitcostsacrosstheentirebusiness.Doingsomayhi
5、dethefactthataparticularlineofbusinessisn’tprofitableandshouldbeshutdown.Forlargeenterprises,thiscouldbeamulti‐milliondollarproblem.163ARelationalCostAllocationsModelAnaccountantwouldlikelythinkofcostallocationintermsofaccountscalledcostcenters.Costcentershavebothrevenueandcosts,andsub
6、tractingcostfromrevenueyieldseitherprofitorloss.Weneedawaytotracktheincomingcostsfromcostdrivers(theexpensesweincurtorunthebusiness)toallcostcenters.Let’seuphemisticallycallourcostdriversassets,inthehopethatthey’llcontributetoourbusinessbeingprofitable.Tostartmodelingthecostallocationd
7、omain,wecanuseatechniquefromtherelationaldatabaseworldcalledEntity-Relationship(ER)modeling.Entitiescorrespondtotheconceptsinourdomainthatwillbeuniquelyidentified.Relationshipscaptureattributesdescribingconnectionsamongentities.PleaseseeFigure13-1foranERdiagramofthisscenario.Thecosta
