最新Evolution of Psychology进化心理学幻灯片.ppt

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1、EvolutionofPsychology进化心理学AGENDA:Discuss/collecthomeworkHysteriaAdultADHDPenisenvyNarcissisticPersonalityDisorderDissociativeIdentityDisorderChildhoodBipolarDisorderAsperger’sDisorderHomosexualitySexaddictionGenderidentitydisorderWhatISpsychology,anyway?I

2、sitpossibletostudythemindscientifically?EvolutionofPsychologylecture(reading–chapter1,pagesHomework–Read,summarizeandwriteopinionson2articles,chapter1readingduenextTuesday.STRUCTURALISMVERSUSFUNCTIONALISMStructuralismemergedthroughleadershipofEdwardTitche

3、nerStructuralism:thenotionthatpsychologyshouldanalyzeconsciousnessintoitsbasicelementsandinvestigatehowtheseelementsarerelatedSensationFeelingsImagesUsedintrospectiontoexaminethecomponentsofconsciousness.Functionalism:psychologyshouldinvestigatethefunctio

4、norpurposeofconsciousnessratherthanitsstructure.IdeafoundedbyWilliamJames(1842–1910)JameswasinfluencedbyDarwin’sconceptofnaturalselection(heritablecharacteristicsthatprovideasurvivalorreproductiveadvantagearemorelikelythanalternativecharacteristicstobepas

5、sedon).Jamesthoughtconsciousnessmustbeimportantandpeopleshouldunderstanditsfunction.FREUDANDTHEUNCONSCIOUSWantedtotreatmentalillnessesUsedpsychoanalysisBelievedinthe“unconscious”–containsthoughts,memoriesanddesiresthatarefarbelowthesurfaceof“conscious”beh

6、aviorbutthatexertgreatinfluenceonbehaviorBasedconceptonpatients’dreamsand“slipsofthetongue”(Freudianslips)Psychoanalytictheoryattemptstoexplainpersonality,motivationandmentaldisordersbyfocusingonunconsciousdeterminantsofbehaviorFreud=controversialThe“unco

7、nscious”meantthatpeoplewerenotmastersoftheirownminds.Freudalsothoughtthatsexualurgesdeterminedpeople’sbehavior.Despitecontroversy,psychoanalysiscaughton–superpopularbythe1940s.WATSONANDBEHAVIORISMBehaviorism(popular1913–1920)wasfoundedbyJohnB.Watson.Behav

8、iorismwastheideathatscientificpsychologyshouldstudyonlyobservablebehavior.Behaviorisanyovertresponseoractivitybyanorganism.Wantedtoabandonthestudyofconsciousnessandfocusinsteadonwhatcouldbeobserved.Watsonthoughtpsyc